他克莫司联合308nm准分子激光治疗面部白癜风

目的探讨他克莫司联合308nm准分子激光在面部白癜风治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2017年2月-2019年2月医院84例面部白癜风患者为研究对象,根据入院单双号将受试者进行分组,其中对照组42例患者接受308nm准分子激光治疗,研究组42例患者在对照组的基础上联合他克莫司软膏治疗,比较两组患者治疗后1个月、3个月时的治疗总有效率以及治疗前后白斑面积与皮损区IL-17水平变化。结果研究组患者在治疗后1个月、3个月时的治疗总有效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者白斑面积及皮损区IL-17水平均显著减少,且研究组显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论他克莫司联合308nm准分子激光可有效缩小白斑面积,降低皮损区IL-17水平,疗效确切。     

Vitiligo surgery: A journey from tissues via cells to the stems!

Depigmented patches in vitiligo, a common dermatosis, cause a great psychological distress to the patients. Hence, apart from halting the disease process, the strategies to impart normal skin colour to these white patches carry an important role in the management of vitiligo. Surgical procedures are often required for stable vitiligo lesions not responding to medical therapies. It involves “shuffling” of melanocytes from the pigmented skin to the depigmented areas. During the last fifty years, the vitiligo surgery has evolved from tissue transplantation via cellular transplantation to reach a stage where the use of stem cells or immunomodulatory cells is contemplating. We would like to depict this wonderful journey of vitiligo surgery through this viewpoint.     

Mechanisms of repigmentation induced by photobiomodulation therapy in vitiligo

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is based on the exposure of biological tissues to low‐level laser light (coherent light) or light‐emitting diodes (LEDs; noncoherent light), leading to the modulation of cellular functions, such as proliferation and migration, which result in tissue regeneration. PBM therapy has important clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disorder resulting from disappearance of functional melanocytes in the involved skin. Vitiligo repigmentation depends on available melanocytes derived from (a) melanocyte stem cells located in the bulge area of hair follicles and (b) the epidermis at the lesional borders, which contains a pool of functional melanocytes. Since follicular melanoblasts (MBs) are derived from the melanocyte stem cells residing at the bulge area of hair follicle, the process of vitiligo repigmentation presents a research model for studying the regenerative effect of PBM therapy. Previous reports have shown favourable response for treatment of vitiligo with a low‐energy helium‐neon (He‐Ne) laser. This review focuses on the molecular events that took place during the repigmentation process of vitiligo triggered by He‐Ne laser (632.8 nm, red light). Monochromatic radiation in the visible and infrared A (IRA) range sustains matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), improves mitochondrial function, and increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and O₂ consumption, which lead to cellular regenerative pathways. Cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria was reported to be the photoacceptor upon which He‐Ne laser exerts its effects. Mitochondrial retrograde signalling is responsible for the cellular events by red light. This review shows that He‐Ne laser initiated mitochondrial retrograde signalling via a Ca²⁺‐dependent cascade. The impact on cytochrome c oxidase within the mitochondria, an event that results in activation of CREB (cyclic‐AMP response element binding protein)‐related cascade, is responsible for the He‐Ne laser promoting functional development at different stages of MBs and boosting functional melanocytes. He‐Ne laser irradiation induced (a) melanocyte stem cell differentiation; (b) immature outer root sheath MB migration; (c) differentiated outer root sheath MB melanogenesis and migration; and (d) perilesional melanocyte migration and proliferation. These photobiomodulation effects result in perifollocular and marginal repigmentation in vitiligo.     

The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus as mono- and adjunctive therapy for vitiligo: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials

There is currently no definitive treatment for vitiligo; various modalities include immune modulators phototherapy and skin camouflage. We investigated the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus either as monotherapy or combined therapy in the treatment of vitiligo. Electronic systematic search of the literature was carried out using four major databases. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that reported the use of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of human vitiligo have been included in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan, and risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane quality assessment tool. The protocol was published through PROSPERO (CRD42018112430). A total of 19 studies including 814 patients were included in our systematic review. The random-effects-model meta-analysis of two studies revealed that the tacrolimus and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) combination therapy rates is better than NB-UVB alone in inducing >75% repigmentation [RR 1.34 (95% CI: 01.05–1.71), P = 0.02]. Tacrolimus and steroids had similar potency in acheiving >75% repigmentation [RR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.19–5.51), P = 0.98]. Meta-analysis of two studies revealed that the fractional laser and tacrolimus combination therapy is no better than tacrolimus alone in causing >75% repigmentation [RR 2.11 (95% CI: 0.87–5.09), P = 0.10]. Further investigating tacrolimus as mono- or adjuvant therapy for vitiligo is highly recommended. Combining tacrolimus to other treatment options such as steroids, phototherapy and laser may be superior to using tacrolimus alone.     

Association between vitiligo and subsequent risk of dementia: A population‐based cohort study

Increasing evidence suggests a positive association between autoimmune disorders and the subsequent risk of dementia, supporting the idea that neuroinflammation is a major contributor to dementia. However, whether or not adults with vitiligo have an increased risk of dementia remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between vitiligo and the subsequent risk of dementia. A total of 1320 patients with vitiligo and 5280 matched controls were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1998 and 2011. Dementia was diagnosed by board‐certificated psychiatrists or neurologists in the follow‐up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) after controlling for age, sex, income‐related monthly premium, residence and comorbidities associated with dementia. The incidence rate of dementia (per 100 000 person‐years) was 502.8 among patients with vitiligo and 101.9 among the controls. Patients with vitiligo were more likely to develop any type of dementia (aHR, 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.30–8.51), Alzheimer’s disease (aHR, 12.22; 95% CI, 3.71–40.28) and vascular dementia (aHR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.31–12.15) compared with the controls. In conclusion, middle‐aged and old patients with vitiligo are more likely to develop dementia compared with those without vitiligo. This novel finding reminds physicians to be more careful about signs of dementia when managing patients with vitiligo and provides the basis for further investigations that clarify the underlying mechanisms.     

白癜风证候分类及维吾尔医用药规律分析

目的:整理分析维吾尔医辨证施治白癜风的证候分类及维吾尔药用药规律。方法:采用回顾性整理分析方法,收集整理新疆5家维吾尔医医院10年内维吾尔医药治疗白癜风的临床住院病历,整理分析白癜风的维吾尔医证候分类与治疗原则、方法、方药及其用药情况,挖掘维吾尔医辨证施治白癜风的证候分类及用药规律。结果:符合纳入标准的异常黏液质型白癜风病历362例,其中无味黏液质173例(47.79%),石灰样黏液质46例(12.71%),酸味黏液质43例(11.88%),甜味黏液质40例(11.05%),涩味黏液质36例(9.94%),咸味黏液质24例(6.63%)。采用成熟及清除疗法,内服药物疗法,外用药物疗法和非药物疗法等综合治疗方法进行治疗。结论:白癜风的维吾尔医证候分类及用药规律符合临床辨证实际,为其维吾尔医辨证施治的规范化提供了客观依据。     

Role of macrophage infiltration in successful repigmentation in a new periphery‐spreading vitiligo lesion in a male Japanese patient

Vitiligo is an acquired disorder in which depigmented macules result from mostly autoimmune loss of melanocytes. The initiating process in vitiligo has still been uncertain. Here, we report the case of a 19‐year‐old man with undetermined/unclassified vitiligo with a new periphery‐spreading vitiligo lesion on the right dorsal hand after rigorous sun exposure. Histopathological evaluation showed noticeable infiltration of CD68⁺ macrophages, moderate infiltration of CD3⁺ T cells, little infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells and CD11c⁺ myeloid dendritic cells, HMB45/CD11c double‐positive cells, and Melan‐A/MART1⁺ deposits in the dermis. We surmised that melanocyte‐derived deposits were mostly phagocytosed by CD68⁺ macrophages and were faintly phagocytosed by CD11c⁺ myeloid dendritic cells, referring distribution of CD68⁺ mononuclear cells and melanocyte biomarkers. Complete repigmentation was achieved following topical application of hydrocortisone butyrate propionate 0.1% ointment. We summarize that prompt clearance of debris by macrophages would be essential to an excellent prognosis of complete repigmentation.     

火针联合卤米松乳膏治疗稳定期白癜风患者的疗效观察及对CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平的影响

 目的 观察火针联合卤米松乳膏治疗稳定期白癜风的临床疗效，检测对患者CD4⁺、CD8⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平的影响。方法 选择我院皮肤科及中医科门诊自2018年1月—2019年12月诊治的60例稳定期白癜风患者作为研究对象，随机分成对照组 (30例) 和试验组(30例)，对照组采用卤米松乳膏治疗，试验组予以火针联合卤米松乳膏治疗，比较两组患者治疗前后的白癜风面积评分指数(VASI),观察总有效率以及不良反应发生率。同时检测患者治疗前后CD4⁺、CD8⁺及 CD4⁺/CD8⁺的表达水平。结果两 组患者治疗前的VASI对比无显著差异(P＞0.05)。治疗后，试验组VASI明显低于对照组(9.73±0.56比10.79±1.13，t=4.60,P＜0.05），总有效率明显高于对照组(86.67%比63.33%,X²=4.36,P=0.037）。两组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均高于治疗前，试验组治疗后CD3+为(69.23±5.27)%，CD4⁺ 为(44.03±3.94)%,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值为 (2.54±0.99)，对照组治疗后CD3⁺为(66.60±7.56)%，CD4⁺为(38.13±6.51)%, CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值为(1.91±0.87)，试验组各指标均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）；治疗后试验组CD8⁺为(19.30±5.55)%，低于对照组的(23.20±8.36)%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 火针联合卤米松乳膏治疗不仅能有效促进稳定期白癜风患者皮肤恢复正常肤色，提高有效率，且能调节患者T淋巴细胞亚群，提高患者细胞免疫功能。因此火针是一种安全、高效的治疗方法，值得临床推广。