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1.
BackgroundInflammation surrounding the coronary arteries can be non-invasively assessed using pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT). While PCAT holds promise for further risk stratification of patients with low coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence, its value in higher risk populations remains unknown.MethodsCORE320 enrolled patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with known or suspected CAD. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images were collected for 381 patients for whom clinical outcomes were assessed 5 years after enrollment. Using semi-automated image analysis software, PCAT was obtained and normalized for the right coronary (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The association between PCAT and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow up was assessed using Cox regression models.ResultsThirty-seven patients were excluded due to technical failure. For the remaining 344 patients, median age was 62 (interquartile range, 55–68) with 59% having ≥1 coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% by quantitative coronary angiography. Mean attenuation values for PCAT in RCA, LAD, and LCx were ?74.9, ?74.2, and ?71.2, respectively. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for normalized PCAT in the RCA, LAD, and LCx for MACE were 0.96 (CI: 0.75–1.22, p ?= ?0.71), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.96–1.78, p ?= ?0.09), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78–1.22, p ?= ?0.84), respectively. For death, stroke, or myocardial infarction only, hazard ratios were 0.68 (0.44–1.07), 0.85 (0.56–1.29), and 0.57 (0.41–0.80), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with suspected CAD, PCAT did not predict MACE during long term follow up. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship of PCAT with CAD risk.  相似文献   
2.
It has been reported that the histone/protein deacetylase SIRT1-AMP-activated protein kinase (SIRT1-AMPK) signaling pathway may play a role in the effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on improving triglyceride (TG) accumulation and insulin resistance in liver cells. Therefore, we aimed to further observe the effect of DHM on liver fat deposition in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and explore its possible mechanism. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) and HFD and were treated with or without low-dose (125 mg/kg) or high-dose (250 mg/kg) DHM for 16 weeks, respectively. During the experiment, body weight was checked every 2 weeks. After 16 weeks, the orbital vein was bled, the animals were sacrificed, and the subscapular, epididymal, and inguinal fat were collected and weighed with an electronic scale. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The livers were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and Oil Red O to detect liver fat deposition. A colorimetric method was used to detect liver MDA and SOD contents. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the gene expressions of related indicators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), acetyl-CoA carboxyl acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator activation receptor alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, PPARα), palmitoyltransferase 1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1), SIRT1, and AMPK. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of SIRT1, AMPK, SIRT1-AMPK, ACC, SREBP-1, FAS, PPARα, and CPT1. Results showed that compared with the ND group, the weight and body fat of the mice in the HFD group were increased significantly. The levels of TG, TC, and LDL were increased, the level of HDL was decreased, the volume of hepatocytes was increased, the number of lipid droplets, fat deposition, MDA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC1, SIRT1, and AMPK protein levels were significantly increased, and the SOD activity, PPARα, CPT1, SIRT1 mRNA, AMPK mRNA, PPARα, CPT1 levels were significantly decreased. DHM could significantly reverse the changes of the above indexes in HFD mice, while DHM had no significant effect on the above indexes in ND mice. Collectively, our findings revealed that DHM improved liver fat deposition in HFD-induced obese mice, and the mechanism might be related to inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid synthesis, and promotion of lipid decomposition.  相似文献   
3.
[摘要] 目的 了解2017—2020年北京北苑地区轮状病毒感染性腹泻的流行病学特征及实验室特点,为临床经验治疗及防控提供科学理论依据。方法 收集2017年1月1日—2020年12月31日期间来我院就诊腹泻患者的粪便23 205份,采用胶体金免疫层析技术方法对粪便标本进行轮状病毒抗原检测,对患者性别、年龄、季节分布及粪便常规特征进行统计分析。结果 23 205例标本中共检出轮状病毒阳性标本1837例,阳性率为7.92%。轮状病毒感染主要集中在12~23月龄婴幼儿(19.30%),阳性率显著高于其他年龄段(≤6月龄,7~11月龄,2~3岁,4~6岁,7~ 17岁,≥18岁)(P均<0.05)。轮状病毒感染具有季节特异性, 1月、2月、3月、12月阳性率较高,阳性率分别为29.90%、27.51%、16.94%、18.69%。2017—2020年阳性率分别为8.83%、8.09%、9.47%和1.99%,2020年轮状病毒抗原检测阳性率显著下降,与2017—2019年相比差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(新冠疫情)暴发的2020年,轮状病毒感染的高发月份没有变化,然而与2017—2019年同月份相比较,阳性率显著下降(P均<0.05)。轮状病毒阳性标本中,粪便镜检脂肪球检出率高(42.24%),2者一致率高(89.24%),具有相关性(Kappa=0.325, r=0.326)。白细胞、红细胞与轮状病毒阳性无相关性,一致率差。轮状病毒阳性标本以糊状便为主,占比50.35%,稀便或稀水便、软便分别占比39.41%、 6.15%,粘液便最少,占比3.97%。结论 本地区轮状病毒感染主要易感人群为12~23月龄婴幼儿,感染全年均可发生,以晚冬、初春为高发季节,2020年新冠疫情极大降低了轮状病毒的送检率及检测阳性率,轮状病毒阳性标本粪便以稀便或糊状便为主,脂肪球与轮状病毒肠炎感染有相关性。  相似文献   
4.
5.
《Pancreatology》2022,22(8):1175-1180
BackgroundHepatic steatosis has been described as a common finding in adults following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) but it is unknown if this occurs in children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo define the frequency of post-TPIAT hepatic steatosis in a sample of children and adolescents and to identify clinical predictors of incident steatosis post-TPIAT.MethodsIn this prospective study, consecutive participants at least 1-month post-TPIAT underwent a liver MRI with proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and blood draw at our pediatric academic medical center between April 2021 and January 2022. Comparison clinical pre-TPIAT liver MRI or ultrasound and insulin use and graft function data were extracted from the medical record. T-tests were used for the comparison of means across continuous variables between participants with and without post-TPIAT steatosis.ResultsA total of 20 participants (mean: 13 ± 4 years; 12 female) were evaluated. Mean liver PDFF at research MRI was 7.4 ± 6.2% (range: 2–25%). Seven participants (35%) had categorical hepatic steatosis (PDFF>5%) post-TPIAT, five of whom had pre-TPIAT steatosis, reflecting a 13% (2/15; 95% CI: 2–40%) incidence of post-TPIAT steatosis. Participant characteristics were not significantly different between subgroups with and without post-TPIAT steatosis. Mean PDFF at research MRI was not different between graft function subgroups (7.5% optimal/good vs. 7.3% marginal/failure; p = .96).ConclusionOur study shows a moderate prevalence but low incidence of hepatic steatosis in a small sample of children and adolescents post-TPIAT. This study raises questions about a causal relationship between TPIAT and hepatic steatosis.  相似文献   
6.
目的研究大黄丹参对高脂饮食诱导的胰腺纤维化大鼠氧化应激、内质网应激相关因子的影响。方法将40只雄性清洁级SD大鼠,采用随机数表法均分成对照组、模型组、大黄丹参低、中、高剂量组,每组8只;对照组喂以普通饲料,其余4组均喂以高脂饲料连续10周建立胰腺纤维化模型。造模同时,各组以相应药物灌胃,对照组与模型组生理盐水灌胃,造模结束后取材。光镜、电镜观察胰腺形态学和超微结构变化。生化检测血清过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量。实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测(PCR)及蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测胰腺C-Jun氨基酸末端激酶(JNK)、葡萄糖调节蛋白(GRP)及半胱氨酸门冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-12(Caspase-12)信使RNA(mRNA)及蛋白表达。组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析。结果模型组胰腺形态学和超微结构均可见内质网肿胀、细胞间隙变窄等病理变化,大黄丹参各剂量组均可不同程度改善以上病理变化。大黄丹参中、高剂量组SOD[(24.71±2.35)、(33.80±3.21)U/ml]、GSH含量[(61.41±5.57)、(101.34±17.32)gGSH/L]含量高于模型组(12.77±3.17、32.05±5.59,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义,大黄丹参低、中、高剂量组MDA[(7.10±0.61)、(6.13±0.63)、(5.47±0.57)μmol/L]、TG[(0.43±0.08)、(0.38±0.06)、(0.22±0.03)mmol/L]含量低于模型组(8.27±1.12、0.69±0.13,P<0.01),大黄丹参中、高剂量组TC[(0.58±0.19)、(0.39±0.15)mmol/L]含量低于模型组(1.18±0.44,P<0.05)。大黄丹参中、高剂量组胰腺组织JNK蛋白及mRNA(0.74±0.09、0.69±0.10;0.33±0.04、0.25±0.02)低于模型组(0.99±0.12,1.00±0.00,P<0.05);大黄丹参中、高剂量组P-JNK蛋白(0.50±0.06、0.52±0.13)低于模型组(1.13±0.11,P<0.01);大黄丹参中、高剂量组胰腺组织GRP蛋白及mRNA(0.67±0.13、0.38±0.14;0.51±0.02、0.26±0.02)低于模型组(1.09±0.18、1.00±0.00,P<0.05),大黄丹参中、高剂量组胰腺组织Caspase-12 mRNA(0.68±0.08、0.36±0.06)低于模型组(1.00±0.00,P<0.01);大黄丹参高剂量组Caspase-12蛋白(0.41±0.10)低于模型组(0.95±0.13,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论大黄丹参可通过降低氧化应激,维持内质网应激稳态来抑制胰腺纤维化。  相似文献   
7.
《Clinical therapeutics》2022,44(7):998-1009
PurposeEthanolamine-containing plasmalogens (pPEs) are a unique class of breastmilk (BM) glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl-ether at the sn-1 and a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol moiety. pPEs are present in the milk fat globule membrane, accumulate in the infant brain, and have been implicated in infant development. The study objectives were to: (1) describe the composition of BM pPEs and the variation in monomers at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions; and (2) quantify the associations between BM pPEs and maternal predictors (body mass index, race, dietary fatty acid intake, gestational age at birth, and days’ postpartum). Secondary objectives were to explore the relationship between BM pPEs and infant anthropometrics and neurodevelopment.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of 39 mother–infant dyads in the control group of a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation during lactation. BM samples and data regarding maternal diet, infant anthropometrics (weight, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and infant development were collected at 1 month (visit 1 [V1], n = 37) and 4 months’ (visit 4 [V4], n = 39) postpartum. BM pPEs were extracted and quantified by using ultra-HPLC/high-resolution MS/MS at V1 and V4 and expressed as percent mass of total phospholipids. Associations of pPEs with infant development and anthropometrics were modeled using linear regression.FindingsC(18:0) vinyl ethers and C(18:2) polyunsaturated fatty acid–enriched pPEs predominate in BM. Specific pPEs, as a proportion of total phospholipids, decreased between V1 and V4. Higher maternal body mass index was associated with lower BM pPEs in unadjusted models, but this association was attenuated after adjustment for race, diet, and days’ postpartum. Maternal fatty acid intake, gestational age, and days’ postpartum were not associated with BM pPEs. Total pPEs at V1 were negatively associated with infant fat mass index and positively associated with fat-free mass index at V1 and V4. BM pPE concentrations were not correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.ImplicationsBM pPEs decrease over lactation and are associated with lower infant adiposity and higher lean mass. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00412074.  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨纳西族各项肥胖指标与体脂率的关系。 方法 选取云南省丽江市玉龙县687名18~90岁成年纳西族人,运用人体测量法和生物电阻抗法测量其体重、身高、胸围、腰围、臀围、肱二头肌皮褶、肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂嵴上皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶、体质量指数(BMI)、内脏脂肪等级和体脂率等指标,并将各项指标分别与体脂率进行统计分析。 结果 纳西族成人的平均体脂率男性为正常水平,女性属于肥胖。按照内脏脂肪等级为标准,纳西族男性和女性均在正常范围内。根据腰围的判断标准,纳西族男性腰围在正常范围内,而女性腰围属于腹型肥胖。相关分析表明,纳西族成人的体重、胸围、腰围、臀围、肱二头肌皮褶、肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂嵴上皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶、BMI、内脏脂肪等级与体脂率均成正相关。纳西族男性内脏脂肪等级与体脂率相关性最强,其次是BMI;纳西族女性胸围与体脂率相关性最强,其次是腰围。 结论 纳西族成人各项肥胖指标均与体脂率成正相关,相关程度存在性别、地区和民族差异。  相似文献   
9.
Background and aimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious liver disease. Recent studies have shown that both visceral adipose tissue (VAT) quantity and density (as an indirect measure of quality) are associated with metabolic profiles. Therefore, we investigated the association between VAT quantity and quality, and the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD.Methods and resultsIn this cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study, the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD were analyzed in 627 and 360 middle-aged subjects, respectively. VAT was evaluated using an unenhanced computed tomography scan, while NAFLD was evaluated using ultrasonography. The VAT area was normalized to the square value of the subjects’ height in meters, the visceral fat area (VFA) index. The VAT density was described as the visceral fat density (VFD). The VFA index and VFD had an interaction effect on the prevalence of NAFLD (P = 0.0059). The VFA index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.07; P = 0.0145, per 1.0 cm2/m2) and the VFD (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.96; P = 0.0026, per 1.0 Hounsfield unit [HU]) were independently associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. In our cohort, 36 subjects developed NAFLD. The VFD (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77–0.91; P < 0.0001, per 1.0 HU) was independently associated with the incidence of NAFLD, whereas the VFA index was not.ConclusionBoth the VFA index and VFD were independently associated with NAFLD prevalence. The VFD might be more related to the incidence of NAFLD than the VFA index.  相似文献   
10.
目的探讨肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率评分系统(MAP)在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年6月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院泌尿外科收治的行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术的153例肾癌患者的临床病例资料。依据MAP评分系统将其分为低度复杂组、中度复杂组和高度复杂组三组。比较各组间的手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症、术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐变化情况。 结果在153例患者中,低度复杂组68例,中度复杂组58例和高度复杂组27例。三组患者在年龄、性别、术前血肌酐水平、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、BMI、RENAL评分等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着复杂程度的提高,手术时间、术中出血量也在不断增加(P<0.05);而术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。在术中并发症方面,随着复杂程度的提高,术中并发症的发生率也在增加(P<0.05),且高度复杂组的术后并发症发生风险是低度复杂组的13.895倍(P=0.002),MAP评分系统预测术中并发症发生的精度较高(AUC=0.757,P=0.002)。但是术后并发症各组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论MAP评分系统在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中,对预估手术难度及术中并发症发生风险有较好的临床应用价值。  相似文献   
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