泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症临床效果及对TLR4、炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的探讨泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者的临床效果。方法选取2013年10月-2018年1月收治的107例尿毒症患者,采用随机数字表法分为试验组54例和对照组53例,两组患者均常规采用血液透析治疗,对照组透析治疗的过程中给予基础治疗,观察组给予基础治疗+泻浊化瘀汤,对比两组患者干预前后血液透析后的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)的水平。结果干预前,观察组和对照组的Scr、BUN、血钙、血磷、PTH、TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的血磷、PTH、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),两组的Scr、BUN、血钙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预前,观察组和对照组的血清IL-2、IL-6、TLR4和CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的血清IL-2、IL-6、TLR4和CRP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者有利于降低血磷、降低患者的炎症反应程度及TLR4的水平,对于改善血透患者的治疗质量具有一定的作用。     

前列地尔联合双嘧达莫对尿毒症患者内瘘术后的影响

目的:观察前列地尔联合双嘧达莫对尿毒症患者内瘘的影响。方法:将55例非透析尿毒症患者实施动静脉内瘘手术,术后分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予双嘧达(25 mg,3次/日)治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合前列地尔(10μg,1次/日)治疗2周。治疗过程中,观察2组患者凝血功能、纤维蛋白原及血液黏滞度;比较2组患者内瘘成熟时间、血流量及内瘘狭窄率。结果:2组患者凝血功能较治疗前均有所延长(P<0.05),但组间比较无差异。治疗组血液黏滞度较对照组显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组内瘘成熟时间显著缩短,且首次透析时内瘘血流量显著增加(P<0.05)。治疗组内瘘狭窄率与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:前列地尔联合双嘧达莫可促进尿毒症患者内瘘成熟,减少内瘘狭窄发生。     

尿毒症相关性不安腿综合征的发病机制研究进展

尿毒症是继发性不安腿综合征最常见的病因之一，但相关机制尚未完全阐明。在尿毒症相关性不安腿综合征的发病机制中，间脑多巴胺能神经元受损所致的功能障碍、铁缺乏对运动障碍的直接调控及通过影响多巴胺能系统的间接调控、持续性的血液透析所致的静息状态、对硫铵代谢的影响等扮演重要角色。此外，周围神经病变、钙磷不平衡、基因、毒素刺激等因素可能也参与了尿毒症相关性不安腿综合征的发生与发展。     

细节护理对尿毒症血液透析患者的效果研究

目的针对尿毒症血液透析患者护理工作中应用护理细节对其生存质量和并发症的作用予以分析和研究。方法 2017年6月-2018年12月选择本院收治的90例尿毒症透析患者作为研究对象,按照硬币法将所有人随机分为两组,其中常规组45例,细节组45例。采用常规护理对常规组予以护理,在常规护理的基础上,采用细节护理干预措施对细节组予以护理。对两组患者的护理效果进行分析和比较。结果在SF-36评分方面,两组患者护理前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,细节组明显优于常规组(P<0.05)。在并发症发生率方面,细节组明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论采用细节护理干预措施对尿毒症血液透析患者进行护理效果很好,患者的生存质量经过护理后具有很大改善,且并发症也明显减少。     

Parenteral Protein Decision Support System Improves Protein Delivery in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background

Management of neonatal parenteral protein intake for preterm infants is challenging and requires daily modifications of the dose to account for the infant's postnatal age, birth weight, current weight, and the volume and protein concentration of concurrent enteral nutrition. The objective of this study was to create and evaluate the Parenteral Protein Calculator (PPC), a clinical decision support system to improve the accuracy of protein intake for preterm infants who require parenteral nutrition (PN).

Materials and Methods

We integrated the PPC into the computerized provider order entry system and tested it in a randomized controlled trial (routine or PPC). Infants were eligible if they were ≤3 days old, had a birth weight ≤1500 g, and had no inborn error of metabolism. The primary outcome was the appropriate total protein intake, defined as target protein dose ±0.5 g/kg.

Results

We randomly allocated 42 infants for 221 PN days in the control group and 211 in the PPC group. Total protein intake in the PPC group was more accurate as compared with the control group (appropriate protein dosing: odds ratio = 5.8; 95% CI, 2.7–12.4). Absolute deviation from protein target was 0.41 g/kg (0.24–0.58) lower in the PPC group.

Conclusion

The PPC improved appropriate protein dosing for premature infants receiving PN. Further studies are needed to test whether clinical decision support systems will reduce uremia and improve growth and to replicate similar findings in the cases of other PN nutrients.     

Genome-wide analysis of DNA 5-hmC in peripheral blood of uremia by hMeDIP-chip

Background: Treatment of uremia is now dominated by dialysis; in some cases, patients are treated with dialysis for decades, but overall outcomes are disappointing. A number of studies have confirmed the relevance of several experimental insights to the pathogenesis of uremia, but the specific biomarkers of uremia have not been fully elucidated. To date, our knowledge about the alterations in DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in uremia is unclear, to investigate the role of DNA 5-hmC in the onset of uremia, we performed hMeDIP-chip between the uremia patients and the normal controls from the experiment to identify differentially expressed 5-hmC in uremia-associated samples. Methods: Extract genomic DNA, using hMeDIP-chip technology of Active Motif companies for the analysis of genome-wide DNA 5-hmC, and quantitative real-time PCR confirmation to identify differentially expressed 5-hmC level in uremia-associated samples. Results: There were 1875 genes in gene Promoter, which displayed significant 5-hmC differences in uremia patients compared with normal controls. Among these genes, 960 genes displayed increased 5-hmC and 915 genes decreased 5-hmC. 4063 genes in CpG Islands displayed significant 5-hmC differences in uremia patients compared with normal controls. Among these genes, 1780 genes displayed increased 5-hmC and 2283 genes decreased 5-hmC. Three positive genes, HMGCR, THBD, and STAT3 were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion: Our studies indicate the significant alterations of 5-hmC. There is a correlation of gene modification 5-hmC in uremia patients. Such novel findings show the significance of 5-hmC as a potential biomarker or promising target for epigenetic-based uremia therapies.     

Evaluation of cardiac global function using the myocardial performance index by tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with uremia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess global ventricular function in patients with uremia by means of the myocardial performance index (MPI) derived from tissue Doppler echocardiography. METHODS: According to the left ventricular mass index and pericardial effusion, 45 patients with uremia were classified into 2 groups: a uremia group and a uremia with pericardial effusion group. To calculate left ventricular MPI (LVMPI) and right ventricular MPI (RVMPI) by tissue Doppler echocardiography, the isovolumic contraction time (ICT), isovolumic relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET) were measured at different sites in the mitral and tricuspid annuli. RESULTS: The mean ICT and IRT were longer, the ET was shorter, and the LVMPI and RVMPI were higher in the 2 disease groups than in a control group, and the indices were higher in the uremia with pericardial effusion group than in the uremia group. The increase of the LVMPI was more obvious than that of the RVMPI. There was a significant difference in the mean LVMPI and RVMPI among the 3 groups (P<.01). The MPI was positively correlated with the IRT and the sum of the ICT and IRT and negatively correlated with the ET. CONCLUSIONS: Both left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function are impaired in patients with uremia. The MPI could be measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography, and we suggest that this index provides a novel, noninvasive method for clinical research on global myocardial performance in patients with uremia.     

口服补铁联合罗沙司他治疗尿毒症血液透析患者肾性贫血的效果及对不良反应的影响

目的探究口服补铁联合罗沙司他治疗尿毒症血液透析患者肾性贫血的效果及对不良反应的影响。方法选取本院2019年1月至2020年3月收治的尿毒症血液透析患者97例,根据随机分组法分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=48)。对照组口服补铁剂硫酸亚铁片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用罗沙司他胶囊治疗,比较两组血常规指标[红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)、血清铁蛋白(SF)]及不良反应发生率。结果治疗前,两组Hb、Hct、SF、TSAT水平比较差异无统计学意义;治疗10周后,两组Hb、Hct、SF、TSAT水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论尿毒症血液透析患者口服补铁联合罗沙司治疗可改善肾性贫血病情,且安全性高,不良反应少。     

Alteration of the Intestinal Environment by Lubiprostone Is Associated with Amelioration of Adenine-Induced CKD

The accumulation of uremic toxins is involved in the progression of CKD. Various uremic toxins are derived from gut microbiota, and an imbalance of gut microbiota or dysbiosis is related to renal failure. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the relationship between the gut microbiota and renal failure are still obscure. Using an adenine-induced renal failure mouse model, we evaluated the effects of the ClC-2 chloride channel activator lubiprostone (commonly used for the treatment of constipation) on CKD. Oral administration of lubiprostone (500 µg/kg per day) changed the fecal and intestinal properties in mice with renal failure. Additionally, lubiprostone treatment reduced the elevated BUN and protected against tubulointerstitial damage, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. Gut microbiome analysis of 16S rRNA genes in the renal failure mice showed that lubiprostone treatment altered their microbial composition, especially the recovery of the levels of the Lactobacillaceae family and Prevotella genus, which were significantly reduced in the renal failure mice. Furthermore, capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis showed that lubiprostone treatment decreased the plasma level of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and hippurate, which are derived from gut microbiota, and a more recently discovered uremic toxin, trans-aconitate. These results suggest that lubiprostone ameliorates the progression of CKD and the accumulation of uremic toxins by improving the gut microbiota and intestinal environment.