基于红外热成像技术探讨扶正温阳法对阳虚体质的影响

目的 基于红外热成像技术探讨“扶正温阳法”对阳虚质的影响，探讨阳虚质者红外热图的共性规律，分析判断“扶正温阳法”干预阳虚质人群的疗效。方法 纳入30例阳虚质患者给予益气温阳药物在大椎、肾俞（双侧）、命门等进行穴位贴敷，分别在干预前后运用红外热成像技术测定督脉、腰部、腹部、双手及双足局部温度的变化。结果 干预后阳虚体质患者的督脉、腰部、腹部、双手、双足温度均升高（P<0.05），阳虚体质局部温度得以改善。结论 本研究发现“扶正温阳法”可诱发循经热传导现象，通过调节热能代谢而起到调治阳虚体质的作用，红外热成像技术可用来辅助评价阳虚质的治疗效果，对临床指导制定阳虚质人群的干预方案疗效判定具有指导意义。     

Microwave Ablation versus Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

PurposeTo assess the cost effectiveness of microwave ablation (MWA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with inoperable stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and MethodsA literature search was performed in MEDLINE with broad search clusters. A decision-analytic model was constructed over a 5-year period. The model incorporated treatment-related complications and long-term recurrence. All clinical parameters were derived from the literature with preference to long-term prospective trials. A healthcare payers’ perspective was adopted. Outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) extracted from prior studies and U.S. dollars from Medicare reimbursements and prior studies. Base case calculations, probabilistic sensitivity analysis with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations, and multiple 1- and 2-way sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsMWA yielded a health benefit of 2.31 QALYs at a cost of $195,331, whereas SBRT yielded a health benefit of 2.33 QALYs at a cost of $225,271. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $1,480,597/QALY, indicating that MWA is the more cost-effective strategy. The conclusion remains unchanged in probabilistic sensitivity analysis with MWA being the optimal cost strategy in 99.84% simulations. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that MWA remains cost effective when its annual recurrence risk is <18.4% averaged over 5 years, when the SBRT annual recurrence risk is >1.44% averaged over 5 years, or when MWA is at least $7,500 cheaper than SBRT.ConclusionsMWA appears to be more cost effective than SBRT for patients with inoperable stage I NSCLC.     

幽门螺杆菌感染相关因素的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌（HP）是革兰阴性微需氧的螺旋样杆菌，主要通过口-口途径在人-人之间感染传播。HP的发现加深了人类对慢性感染、炎症和癌症之间关系的认识。其特定的螺旋形体型、鞭毛及动力、尿素酶和黏附素活性，以及细胞毒素基因A（cagA）、空泡细胞毒素基因A（vacA）等是影响HP感染研究较多的相关致病因素。HP感染在胃癌的发生、发展中可能具有重要作用，但尚未确切证实HP感染是导致胃癌的主因。文章概述了HP感染相关致病因素的研究进展。     

云南省三州(市)6～11岁城市流动儿童的忽视现状研究

目的 了解云南省三地区城市流动儿童的忽视现况及主要原因,为有效减少其发生制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 根据经济及教育水平等因素,2020年9—12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样,抽取昆明市、大理州和临沧市3个地区为调查点,采用《中国城市儿童青少年忽视评价常模量表》,对1 193名学生进行相关调查。结果 云南省三地区6～11岁城市流动儿童总忽视率40.7%(486/1 193),其中城市流动儿童忽视率为40.80%(393/963);非城市流动儿童忽视率为40.4%(93/230)。城市流动儿童男童各层面忽视率大于女童,其中安全层面有统计学意义(χ²=4.417,P<0.05)。不同民族中除医疗层面外,汉族忽视率都高于少数民族,其中身体(χ²=6.963,P<0.05)和情感(χ²=6.850,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。与云南省农村儿童、中国农村留守儿童、全国儿童相应指标比较,云南省城市流动儿童忽视度较低,差异有统计学意义(6~8岁t=20.281、19.153、13.616,P<0.001;9~11岁t=7.075、13.101、8.047,P<0.001)。结论 云南省三州(市)6~11岁城市流动儿童忽视情况较十年前有所缓解,针对流动儿童实施的相关政策效果逐步显现。家庭教育模式有所转变,“父母教育卷入”使“子女随父母进城务工”逐渐被“父母随子女进城读书”所替代,但是针对低龄流动儿童的社会融合和适应相关问题应持续关注;民族教育层面下儿童忽视率性别差异更小,学校与家庭教育应因地制宜,注重亲子参与。     

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Small‐ and medium‐sized mammals play an important role in the life cycle of tick‐borne pathogens in urban habitats. Our aim was to apply the general protocol, DAMA (documentation–assessment–monitoring–action), which is an integrated proposal to build a proactive capacity to understand, anticipate, and respond to the outcomes of accelerating environmental change. Here we tested whether road‐killed carcasses in urban areas are useful sources of tissue and parasite samples to investigate these species’ contribution to the epidemiology of vector‐borne diseases. We collected 29 road‐killed and 6 carcasses with different causes of mortality (23 northern white‐breasted hedgehogs and 12 from seven other mammal species) mainly from Budapest, Hungary. We used quantitative and conventional PCRs to determine pathogens in 90 collected tissues (52 from hedgehogs; 38 from other species) and 417 ticks that were only found on hedgehogs. Tissue samples revealed a wide range of bacteria including human zoonotic pathogens identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotype I, Borrelia afzelii, B. spielmanii, Borrelia miyamotoi, Rickettsia helvetica, and Bartonella species. Among the 23 collected hedgehog carcasses, 17 (74%) were infected with A. phagocytophilum, 6 (26%) with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., 12 (52%) with R. helvetica, and 15 (65%) with Rickettsia sp. Furthermore, we report the first detection of Rickettsia sp. infection in European moles and lesser weasel and R. helvetica in stone marten. Through sequencing B. afzelii, R. helvetica, R. monacensis and A. phagocytophilum ecotype I were identified in the ticks removed from the carcasses. We showed that road‐killed urban mammal species are exposed to multiple tick‐borne pathogens but further studies have to clarify whether they, in fact, also have a role in their maintenance and spread. Our study also demonstrates that roadkill can be used in the risk assessment of potential human infection and in the implementation of the DAMA protocol.     

Climate Change: Effects on the Older Adult

The effects of climate change include floods, hurricanes, heat waves, and fires; these natural disasters can result in respiratory, cardiovascular, and psychological harm in older adults, who experience the highest morbidity and mortality during heat waves. Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) need education on preparing, assessing, and treating older adults for climate-change disasters, especially heat waves. This article will help APRNs understand the effects of climate-change events on the vulnerable older adults and advocates for the need to integrate health effects of climate change into curricula, practicums, policy, and research agendas.     

A modality-specific somatosensory evoked potential test protocol for clinical evaluation: A feasibility study

ObjectiveWe aimed to establish an objective neurophysiological test protocol that can be used to assess the somatosensory nervous system.MethodsIn order to assess most fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system, repetitive stimuli of seven different modalities (touch, vibration, pinprick, cold, contact heat, laser, and warmth) were synchronized with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and applied on the cheek and dorsum of the hand and dorsum of the foot in 21 healthy subjects and three polyneuropathy (PNP) patients. Latencies and amplitudes of the modalities were assessed and compared. Patients received quantitative sensory testing (QST) as reference.ResultsWe found reproducible evoked potentials recordings for touch, vibration, pinprick, contact-heat, and laser stimuli. The recording of warm-evoked potentials was challenging in young healthy subjects and not applicable in patients. Latencies were shortest within Aβ-fiber-mediated signals and longest within C-fibers. The test protocol detected function loss within the Aβ-fiber and Aδ-fiber-range in PNP patients. This function loss corresponded with QST findings.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we developed a neurophysiological test protocol that can specifically assess most of the somatosensory modalities. Despite technical challenges, initial patient data appear promising regarding a possible future clinical application.SignificanceEstablished and custom-made stimulators were combined to assess different fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system using modality-specific evoked potentials.     

浅谈应用红外热成像技术早期诊断糖尿病足的策略

糖尿病足早期症状不明显,待明确诊断时病程多已步入中后期阶段,严重威胁民众健康。红外热成像技术作为一种医用功能性检测技术,能在人体组织发生结构性病变之前,敏感地发现其功能性改变导致的体表温度异常。基于中医学视角,借用计算机辅助诊断系统及属性篇序结构图,可以为糖尿病足红外热图的多角度、多维度解读提供全新思路,突破传统西医解剖学视角难以全面解读热图异常规律的瓶颈,也为红外热成像技术的应用拓宽视野。