Behavior and Food Consumption Pattern of the French Polynesian Population in the 1960s –1970s

Background. Reconstruction of radiation doses to the thyroid for a case-control study of thyroid cancer in French Polynesians exposed to radioactive fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests during childhood and adolescence faced a major limitation on very little availability of information on lifestyle of French Polynesians in the 1960s–1970s. Method: We use the focus group discussion and key informant interview methodology to collect historical, for the 1960s–1970s, data on behavior and food consumption for French Polynesia population exposed to radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1966 and 1974. Results. We obtained archipelago-specific data on food consumptions by children of different ages and by pregnant and lactating women during pregnancy and breastfeeding and behaviour, including time spent outdoors and type and construction materials of residences. Conclusions. This article presents the first detailed information on several key aspects of daily life on French Polynesian archipelagoes during the 1960s–1970s impacting radiation exposure. Important behavior and food consumptions data obtained in this study are being used to improve the radiation dose estimates and to update the risk analysis reported earlier by correcting biases from previous assumptions and by providing better estimates of the parameter values important to radiation dose assessment.     

Vulneración de derechos humanos en las movilizaciones de octubre de 2019 en Chile

Chile's October 2019 popular revolt has again made human rights violations visible in the context of mass mobilizations. In terms of damage to the population's health, multiple eye injuries produced by kinetic impact projectiles and tear bombs against people were reported, leading to an outbreak of unpublished eye injuries worldwide. There was excessive use of chemical weapons, and the totality of the chemicals used has not been transparent. The impact on mental health, especially of the population who lived during dictatorship in the 1970s, is uncertain and, health care was overwhelmed in the most vulnerable geographic areas. It is urgent to establish a timely and transparent system for monitoring such lesions and transparent all chemical compounds in tear-tearing and the composition of kinetic impact projectiles.     

水下爆炸致水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤特点

目的 研究水下爆炸引起水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤情况.方法 20只健康比格犬随机分为4个实验组(距爆源5、8、11和15 m)和1个对照组(n=4).利用1 kg 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)裸药在水下2 m实施爆炸对水中漂浮比格犬进行致伤,采用水下及颅内压力传感器和高速摄像机记录爆炸致伤的过程.爆炸后3 h内对存活的比格犬行头部和胸部CT检查及头部MRI检查.爆炸后24 h取脑和肺标本,观察颅脑和胸、肺大体损伤情况,并通过H-E染色和TUNEL染色观察脑和肺组织病理学变化及细胞凋亡情况.结果 压力传感器和高速摄像机观察到水下爆炸的致伤过程包括冲击波作用和气泡作用2个阶段.5 m、8 m、11 m和15 m组比格犬分别死亡4、3、1、0只.头部CT和MRI检查示实验组比格犬脑组织没有明显损伤,胸部CT检查示有肺内出血、气胸、血胸或胸腔积液等表现.H-E染色结果示实验组比格犬脑组织无明显变化,而肺组织肺泡破裂,肺泡腔内有大量红细胞,肺间质内有大量炎症细胞浸润.TUNEL染色仅见海马区少量细胞呈阳性表现,而肺组织肺泡上皮细胞和间质细胞呈现广泛的凋亡坏死趋势.结论 水下爆炸引起水面泅渡战位比格犬的损伤主要为肺爆震伤,脑组织损伤相对轻微.     

中子辐射损伤效应、机制及防护措施研究进展

随着各国对核武器研发力度的逐渐增强，以及中子在经济生产领域中应用的推广，中子辐射致伤事件时有发生。中子射线作为一种高传能线密度（LET）射线，具有伤亡率高、症状严重、愈后差的特点，故相比于低LET射线产生的损伤，其防护和治疗更加困难。本文主要介绍近年来中子辐射的效应、内在损伤机制和临床防护措施等方面的研究进展，为制订合理高效的防治方案提供理论指导。     

南京日遗化武处置的医学防护和毒剂洗消

侵华日军在第二次世界大战结束时,将大量化学武器遗弃在我国境内。目前,中日双方正对部分日遗化武进行联合处置。作为任务的医疗保障和应急救援力量,针对日遗化武处置现场化学事故具有突发性、复杂性、破坏性等特点,本文对可能发生的化学战剂事故进行医学防护和洗消方面的探讨,有利于提高对日遗化武危害性的认识和应急处置能力,减少和避免日遗化武处置过程中对相关人员的伤害和环境污染,更好地完成好日本遗弃在华化学武器处置的医学保障任务。     

兵器试验参与人员心理健康状况及影响因素

目的 调查兵器试验参与人员心理健康状况及影响因素,为制定干预对策、提高参与人员心理健康水平提供依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应激水平量表和访谈的方法,对某兵器试验单位390名参与人员心理健康特点及其影响因素进行调查与分析.结果 问卷结果显示,兵器试验参与人员SCL-90总分及躯体化、焦虑、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对因子分均明显高于非参与人员,差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).民主型管理方式、和睦的工作氛围和良好的人际关系中应激分数、SCL-90均分最低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).访谈显示,15名SCL-90得分较低的参与者认为,组织内部公平、在本单位有自豪感、信息公开透明、能够开放地讨论问题、得到同事和领导的尊重、个人才能得到发挥等条目所占百分比均高于另外15名SCL-90得分较高者,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 兵器试验参与人员心理健康水平较非参与人员低,心理健康状况与工作环境、管理模式、工作氛围、人际关系等密切相关.