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1.
BackgroundStressors among nursing students arise from both academic activities and clinical placement. Understanding how nursing students perceive academic and clinical stressors and the clinical learning environment could help develop useful approaches to reducing levels of stress and contribute to the maintenance of a good learning environment. There is a paucity of studies that investigated associations between the clinical learning environment and the stress of nursing students.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the perception of the clinical learning environment and stress in nursing students; to compare the perception of the clinical learning environment and stress in terms of the year and terms of the organization of supervision.DesignCross-sectional correlation studySettingsUniversityParticipantsThe sample consisted of 155 nursing students in the bachelor's degree program. During the four academic years, students of individual years of the bachelor's study program were included in the study after completing all clinical placements in a given academic year.MethodsThe following instruments were used for the data collection: Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher evaluation scale, Perceived Stress Scale; Physio-Psycho-Social Response Scale and Coping Behaviour Inventory. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using stepwise methods were used to determine the relationships between the variables.ResultsThe clinical learning environment is a strong predictor of students' perceptions of stress related to teachers and nursing staff. Types and degrees of stressful events during clinical practice varied between years of study. The experience with supervision was related to the overall perception of the clinical learning environment, but not to the students' physio-psychosocial status, types of stressful events during clinical practice and coping behaviors. Also, the differences in the students' physio-psychosocial status were not significant in terms of individual years of study and method of supervision.ConclusionsThere is a significant relationship between the clinical learning environment and the perception of academic stress. The attitude of the teacher and the medical staff can thus be important in influencing the level of stress in nursing students.  相似文献   
2.
We examined the associations between parks/sports facilities in local communities and the onset of functional disability among Japanese older adults. We further investigated the spatial spillover effects of parks/sports facilities in 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-degree neighboring communities. Data on the onset of functional disability, including date of onset, sex, age, and address (school district) of all older adults aged 65 years and older living in Kobe City were obtained from the public long-term care insurance database (163,348 men [190,831 person-year] and 200,443 women [230,464 person-year]). Multilevel proportional hazard regression analyses showed that the number of parks and sports facilities were negatively associated with the onset of functional disability among men. In particular, these associations were stronger for the adjacent district than for individuals’ living districts. Our results imply that involving multiple neighboring communities as the intervention unit is effective when utilizing community built environments for long-term care prevention in men.  相似文献   
3.
目的 调查徐州市直属小学学生近视现状,分析教室光环境及学龄对儿童视力的影响。方法 采用整群抽样方法,运用标准对数视力表对直属小学学生进行视力检测;随机抽取4所学校,使用TES-1332A照度计测定教室光环境;计量资料采用t检验或方差分析;计数资料采用χ2检验,等级资料采用秩和检验分析其统计学差异。结果 2018年徐州市小学生近视检出率总体为49.84%(男生45.81%,女生53.88%),女生高于男生(χ2=52.001,P<0.05),且重度近视检出率更高(Z=7.795,P<0.05)。市直属小学生近视检出率54.18%,县区直属小学46.45%,市区高于县区(χ2=47.247,P<0.05)。不同年级近视发生情况不同,二~六年级近视检出率分别为36.03%,40.5%,48.45%,58.77%,65.4%,高年级近视发生率高于低年级(χ2趋势=384.766,P<0.05),且重度近视高于低年级(χ2=742.673,P<0.05)。各检测小学不同楼层间教室黑板以及桌面照度不同 (F=3.894,P<0.05) ,但均符合国家标准。结论 徐州市直属小学学生近视检出率较高,并随学龄延长而加重,女生更严重;监测学校教室光环境符合要求。改善和保护学生视力除了保障教室光环境合格和定期监测外,应进一步探讨影响学生视力的其他因素,共同促进学生视力健康。  相似文献   
4.
目的:了解实习护生情绪智力、临床实习环境与病人安全感知能力现状并探讨三者关系。方法:采用情绪智力量表、临床实习环境量表和卫生职业教育病人安全感知量表对492名实习护生进行调查。结果:实习护生情绪智力总分为(123.81±18.69)分,临床实习环境总分为(119.48±22.16)分,病人安全感知能力总分为(67.16±12.06)分,情绪智力、临床实习环境与病人安全感知能力呈正相关(r值分别为0.723和0.720,P<0.01);情绪智力在临床实习环境和病人安全感知能力间起部分中介效应,中介效应估计值为0.286(28.6%)。结论:学校要举办人文课程活动以培养情绪智力;医院应制订计划增加学习机会,选拔给予护生充分支持的带教老师,改善临床实习环境。  相似文献   
5.
目的 全面了解肇庆市端州区中小学校教学环境的卫生状况,为相关部门采取有效措施提供科学依据。方法 以端州区所有中小学校为监测对象,于2015—2019年对学校教室进行教学环境监测,并对监测结果进行评价。结果 共监测学校58所,小学42所,中学16所,监测教室384间,课桌椅3 480套,教室采光系数、窗地比、灯桌间距、黑板尺寸合格率分别为100%、96.55%、95.40%、84.20%;黑板反射比、黑板下缘与讲台地面垂直距离、人均面积、课桌面照度合格率分别为67.82%、48.85%、35.34%、30.75%;课桌椅分配符合率和黑板面照度合格率非常低,分别为0.86%和2.59%。小学与中学的教室人均面积(χ2=36.47,P<0.001)、黑板尺寸(χ2=10.44,P=0.001)、黑板反射比(χ2=40.85,P<0.001)合格率差异有统计学意义。结论 端州区中小学校教室采光、教师黑板卫生状况较好,但教室人均面积(特别是小学)、课桌椅分配符合率、教室照明合格率低,亟须进一步整改。  相似文献   
6.
To assess the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on MDCK cell lines, experiments were performed in a chamber under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity and CO2). Therefore, the measured physicochemical and electrical changes in the cells are due solely to the magnetic field exposure and not to external factors. A developed sinusoidal magnetic field generator produced the ELF-MFs with a uniform magnetic field and adjustable intensity and frequency. Three experimental indicators were used: (i) transepithelial electrical impedance (TEEI); (ii) cell migration and proliferation; and (iii) expression of the proteins of the tight junctions, and changes in the area and shape of the cell nuclei. No significant effects on TEEI values were observed when 10 and 50 G 60 Hz magnetic fields were applied to confluent cell monolayers. There were no significant differences in migration and proliferation of the cell monolayer exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields10 and 50 G , but a contact inhibition factor was observed. The expression of the CLDN-1 protein decreased by 90% compared with the control, while ZO-1 protein expression increased by 120%. No significant effects were observed in the area and shape of the cell nuclei. Experimentation in a controlled environment, under physiological conditions, ensures that the observed effects were strictly due to exposure to magnetic fields. Different exposure conditions are necessary to determine the impact on TEEI and cell migration–proliferation indicators.  相似文献   
7.
8.
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is a movement disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein. Patients with iPD vary in age of symptom onset, rate of progression, severity of motor and non-motor symptoms, and extent of central and peripheral inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to act synergistically in iPD pathogenesis. We propose that environmental factors (pesticides and infections) increase the risk for iPD via the immune system and that the role of PD risk genes in immune cells is worthy of investigation. This review highlights the major PD-relevant genes expressed in immune cells and key environmental factors that activate immune cells and, alone or in combination with other factors, may contribute to iPD pathogenesis. By reviewing these interactions, we seek to enable the future development of immunomodulatory approaches to prevent or delay onset of iPD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society  相似文献   
9.
目的 探讨高血压患者血压控制情况与周围绿地特征的关系。方法 深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理满一年的≥35岁高血压患者为研究对象。采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取代表性样本1 158人,回收有效问卷1 116份,应答率为96.4%。于2019年11月至2020年1月对纳入分析的1 116人进行问卷调查、体格测量、实验室检测。采用二元logistic回归模型分析绿地特征对高血压患者血压控制的影响。结果 深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理高血压患者血压控制率为67.8%(757/1 116),二元logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后结果显示,周围绿地设置有健身区(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.231~2.288)、集体锻炼场地(OR=1.373,95%CI:1.020~1.848)、健康知识宣传区(OR=1.416,95%CI:1.049~1.911)对高血压患者血压控制具有积极影响。患者对周围绿地的安全性(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.000~1.019)、舒适性(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001~1.021)、维护情况(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001~1.021)的满意度得分均与血压控制呈正相关。居住小区有专属绿地的患者血压控制率高于无专属绿地的患者(OR=1.333,95%CI:1.009~1.762)。结论 绿地中健康促进元素及绿地的安全性、舒适性、维护情况以及专属绿地等绿地特征对血压控制有积极影响。  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundPrevious evidence has supported an association between sleep quality and psychological stress. However, the association between internship nurses' sleep status and its relevant factors is poorly understood.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate sleep quality and its related factors in clinical learning environment and mental stress.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted by three instruments: Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale (CLES + T), Stress Rating Scale for practicing nurses (SRS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).ResultsA total of 508 (91.86%) of 553 students experienced poor sleep quality. The structural equation model showed a correlation of the PSQI with the CLES + T (r = −0.21, p < 0.001), a correlation of the PSQI with the SRS (r = 0.32, p < 0.001), and a correlation of the SRS with the CLES + T (r = −0.22, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that education (B = −0.56, p < 0.001), willingness to engage in nursing after graduation (B = −0.75, p < 0.001), pedagogical atmosphere in the ward (B = −0.05, p < 0.001) measured by the CLES + T, workload (B = 0.11, p = 0.01), interpersonal relationships (B = −0.12, p = 0.03), and conflicts between study and work (B = 0.12, p < 0.001) on the SRS were significant factors influencing the PSQI.ConclusionsPoor sleep quality is common among internship nurses and it's affected by clinical environment and mental stress. It's necessary to apply more tailored education programs to promote nursing development.  相似文献   
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