经腹腔与腹膜后腹腔镜肾癌根治术疗效比较

目的比较经腹腔与经腹膜后入路腹腔镜肾癌根治术的临床效果。方法分析2010年4月至2012年2月间在北京大学第一医院接受腹腔镜肾癌根治术的141例患者资料,其中经腹腔入路组61例、经腹膜后腔入路组80例,比较两种手术入路患者在手术时间、出血量、术后住院日等方面的差异。结果所有141例手术均在腹腔镜下完成。对于经腹腔入路组和经腹膜后腔组,平均手术时间分别为192.1及147.2min（P=0.000）;平均术后住院日分别为5.8d及7.2d（P=0.000）;平均肿瘤长径分别为5.6cm及4.3cm（P=0.001）。在术中出血量、并发症及输血情况等方面无显著性差异。结论经腹腹腔镜和经后腹膜腹腔镜肾癌根治术围手术期均有良好效果,经腹腔入路适合治疗体积较大的肿瘤,术后恢复快,而经腹膜后腔入路具有手术时间短的优势。     

经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术的肾蒂处理经验：手术技巧及出血性并发症的腔镜下处理（附视频）

作者对经腹腔途径腹腔镜肾癌根治术的肾蒂血管处理技巧进行改进及总结,并对其中大血管损伤所致出血性并发症的腔镜下处理经验及教训进行介绍。     

腹腔镜手术切除巨大肾上腺肿瘤的临床探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术切除巨大（直径≥8cm）肾上腺肿瘤的可行性。方法：采用经腹途径腹腔镜切除术治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤患者6例,左侧4例,右侧2例,肿瘤最大径8．5～12cm。结果：6例腹腔镜手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间平均120min（90～185min）,术中出血量平均150ml（50～400m1）。术后胃肠功能恢复时间1～2天,术后2～3天拔除引流管,术后住院6～lO天。随访4～24个月,未发现异常。病理检查报告肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤2例,神经节细胞瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例,髓性脂肪瘤2例。结论：肿瘤大小并不是选择腹腔镜手术的决定性因素。在技术娴熟的条件下,腹腔镜治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤是安全、可行的。     

经腹与经后腹膜途径行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术的临床疗效比较

目的比较经腹腔和经后腹膜途径行腹腔镜肾癌根治术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析258例分别经腹腔(n=116)或后腹膜(n=142)方式行腹腔镜下肾癌根治术的肾癌患者临床资料,比较2组术中手术时间、出血量、术后禁食时间及住院时间。结果经腹腹腔镜组手术时间为80～315min,平均(167±66.8)min;经后腹膜腹腔镜组为85～280min,平均(152±48.8)min,二者差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。经腹腹腔镜组术中出血50～1 000ml,平均(181±140.4)ml;经后腹膜腹腔镜组为50～800ml,平均(171±132.9)ml,差异无统计学意义(P=0.544)。经腹腹腔镜组术后禁食时间为术后1～5d,平均为术后(2.8±1.3)d;经后腹膜腹腔镜组为术后1～5d,平均为术后(2.9±1.2)d,差异无统计学意义(P=0.801)。经腹腹腔镜组术后住院3～9d,平均(6.6±1.5)d;经后腹膜腹腔镜组为3～8d,平均(6.5±1.6)d,差异无统计学意义(P=0.477)。结论经腹腹腔镜和经后腹膜腹腔镜肾癌根治术均有良好效果,且经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术适用于体积较大的肿瘤。     

A Case of Recurrent Episodes of Acute Renal Allograft Failure Caused by Renal Pedicle Tortion

Background: Acute allograft failure which occur intermittently after renal transplantation caused by graft tortion is a very rare entity. We here report highly unusual case of recurrent episodes of acute allograft dysfunction two years after kidney transplantation secondary to ischemic tubular necrosis caused by tortion of renal pedicle due to rotation of the allograft with body movements. Case Presentation: A 55 year-old male patient with living unrelated kidney transplantation for chronic renal failure caused by autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease had presented recurrent acute deteriorations in renal functions. All laboratory values were within normal limits except elevated serum creatinine levels, acute tubular necrosis in graft biopsy, and detection of pelvic dilatation in renal ultrasonography from time to time. Changes in axis of graft in nuclear medicine scans taken at different times during the same study made us bring to mind the diagnosis of renal pedicle tortion. Renal blood flow measurements with Doppler ultrasonography in different body positions helped to reach the final diagnosis of mobile kidney right on time. The patient is now well after prompt surgical treatment with nephropexy. Discussion: Unfortunately, tortion of allograft once occurred is associated with very high rate of graft loss due to arterial compromise and infarction and it is very difficult to diagnose without high level of suspicion. We discuss the causes of renal allograft tortion and the measures to prevent its occurrence and the methods to diagnose.     

In-vivo transperitoneal fertilization

We present the technique of in-vivo transperitoneal fertilization (IVTPF) as a first approach to infertility treatment in couples with male subfertility or unexplained factors. The technique is statistically less successful but also less invasive than either gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) or in-vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (IVFET) and offers considerable advantages over intrauterine insemination (IUI). The IVTPF technique involves transperitoneal transfer of processed spermatozoa within the pouch of Douglas after induction of ovulation. We report our 4-year experience with IVTPF which includes 136 treatment cycles in 89 couples. Eight pregnancies were achieved in 89 patients (9%) and 136 treatment cycles (7%). Fifty-one patients (57%) received IVTPF for only one treatment cycle; seven of the eight IVTPF pregnancies occurred in this group. An ectopic pregnancy resulted in one of the eight IVTPF pregnancies (13%). The functional quality of the sperm in those couples who achieved pregnancy was statistically superior to those couples who did not conceive. However, pregnancy was also obtained in case of severe oligozoospermia. Based on our experience, we feel IVTPF to be a very reasonable first approach in patients with no pelvic pathology and with infertility secondary to male factors or unexplained causes.     

LAPAROSCOPIC INGUINAL HERNIOPLASTY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN TRANSPERITONEAL AND EXTRAPERITONEAL TECHNIQUES

Background: This study sequentially compares the results of 148 transperitoneal inguinal hernioplasties in 129 patients with 313 totally extraperitoneal hernioplasties in 254 patients. Methods: Patients were entered into the study prospectively and reviewed postoperatively at 1 day, 1 week, 5 weeks and 1 year. Results: There was no difference in length of hospital stay, postoperative analgesia requirements or the rate of early or late operative complications. The operating time was shorter and the return to normal activities was earlier for the totally extraperitoneal group. There were no intraperitoneal complications following the totally extraperitoneal operation. Conclusions: The extraperitoneal technique is favoured over the transperitoneal technique for laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty.     

Comparison of the extraperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

The laparoscopic radical prostatectomy （LRP） is a developing technique for treatment of localizedprostate cancer, while the extraperitoneal approach has been highlighted recently.1 From May 2003 to April 2006, we performed laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by transperitoneal or extraperitoneal approaches in 31 patients with localized prostate cancer. Some parameters of these patients are compared in this article.     

Fifteen-year Experience of Transperitoneal Management of Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

OBJECTIVES: to assess the long-term outcome of patients with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: over a fifteen-year period 598 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm were treated and, of these, 32 cases (5.3%) were inflammatory in nature. The diagnosis was made on preoperative (CT) computed tomography in fifteen cases. Twenty-six patients were symptomatic on presentation and ten cases were repaired on an emergency basis. Only six were repaired electively. The transabdominal transaortic approach without dissection on the nearby adherent structures was used routinely. RESULTS: there was one postoperative death from a respiratory arrest leading to a thirty-day mortality of 3.1%. Early graft thrombosis occurred in three cases (9.3%) and all underwent successful thrombectomy. Colonic ischaemia was encountered in one patient who later developed an aortoenteric fistula. Two patients suffered a non-fatal myocardial infarction postoperatively leading to an overall morbidity of 18.7%. CONCLUSIONS: patients with inflammatory aortic aneurysms fare worse than patients with aortic aneurysms in general. Preoperative suspicion assists in planning surgery. We believe that the transperitoneal approach with an anterolateral aortotomy and minimal dissection of adherent structures offers excellent results in dealing with this difficult group of patients.