The biomechanical effects of 3D printed and traditionally made foot orthoses in individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy and flat feet

BackgroundFoot orthoses (FOs) are used to manage foot pathologies such as plantar fasciopathy. 3D printed custom-made FOs are increasingly being manufactured. Although these 3D-printed FOs look like traditionally heat-moulded FOs, there are few studies comparing FOs made using these two different manufacturing processes.Research questionHow effective are 3D-printed FOs (3D-Print) compared to traditionally-made (Traditional) or no FOs (Control), in changing biomechanical parameters of flat-footed individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy?MethodsThirteen participants with unilateral plantar fasciopathy walked with shoes under three conditions: Control, 3D-print, and Traditional. 2 × 3 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVAs) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to compare discrete kinematic and kinetic variables between limbs and conditions. Waveform analyses were also conducted using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).ResultsThere was a significant condition main effect for arch height drop (p = 0.01; ηp² =0.54). There was 0.87 mm (95% CI [−1.84, −0.20]) less arch height drop in 3D-print compared to Traditional. The SPM analyses revealed condition main effects on ankle moment (p < 0.001) and ankle power (p < 0.001). There were significant differences between control condition and both 3D-print and Traditional conditions. For ankle moment and power, there were no differences between 3D-print and Traditional conditions.Significance3D-printed FOs are more effective in reducing arch height drop, whist both FOs lowered ankle plantarflexion moment and power compared to no FOs. The results support the use of 3D-printed FOs as being equally effective as traditionally-made FOs in changing lower limb biomechanics for a population of flat-footed individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy.     

Visualizing changes in physical activity behavioral patterns after redesigning urban infrastructure

The aim of this study was to explore effects of a major urban reconstruction on physical activity (PA) behavior by comparing PA intensity hotspots before and after the tunneling of a highway with a new infrastructure prioritized for walking and cycling. In total, 126 individuals participated before and after the tunneling. GPS loggers and accelerometers were used to assess location and PA levels. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to perform optimized hotspot analyses on PA data, both on transport and stationary data points. The results showed several changes in PA hotspots on trip data, even if total PA levels did not change. At follow-up, PA intensity hotspots were more connected, with the new infrastructure as a central connection. This was true for higher and lower educated individuals. Therefore, if changes in the built environment do not result in changes on population-level outcomes, this does not imply that they have no impact on behavior.     

基于高通量测序技术的三叉苦幼苗转录组数据分析

目的获得三叉苦Melicope pteleifolia转录组信息特征。方法以三叉苦幼苗根、茎、叶混合样品为对象,采用二代高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq~(TM) 2000进行转录组测序并进行系统的生物信息学分析。结果转录组测序分析共获得47 045 040条高质量序列(clean reads),Trinity de novo组装获得67 956条unigenes,平均长度787 nt。BLAST分析显示分别有42 749(61.92%)、31 152(45.84%)、26 563(39.0 9%)、17 481(25.72%)条unigenes在NR、Swiss-port、KOG、KEGG数据库得到注释信息,参与生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个GO类别的47个小组,共9807条unigenes注释到130个KEGG代谢通路中,筛选到19条次生代谢通路,KOG功能分类分析获得25个不同的KOG功能类群。预测共有高等植物转录因子56个家族;借助MISA软件发现7 748个SSRs,三碱基重复SSRs数量最丰富,有4 117个,出现频率为53.1%,五碱基重复SSRs相对较少,占2.2%。结论利用高通量测序技术和生物信息分析获得三叉苦转录组信息特征,为后续三叉苦功能基因的挖掘、次生代谢途径解析及其调控机制研究奠定基础。     

National level data analysis of facial lacerations in Korea using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database

No national epidemiological investigations have been conducted recently regarding facial lacerations. The study was performed using the data of 3,634,229 people during the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 archived by the National Health Information Database (NHID) of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Preschool and children under 10 years old accounted for about one-third of patients. Facial lacerations were concentrated in the “T-shaped” area, which comprised forehead, nose, lips, and the perioral area. The male to female ratio for all study subjects was 2.16:1. Age and gender are significantly related with each other (P < .001). Mean hospital stays decreased, and numbers of outpatient department visits per patient were highest for hospitals and lowest for health agencies. Over the study period, hospital costs per patient in tertiary and general hospitals increased gradually. Preschool and school-aged children are vulnerable to trauma. Male patients outnumbered female patients by a factor of more than 2. The “T-shaped’” area around forehead is vulnerable to injury. Total cost of medical care benefits per patient in tertiary hospitals was about 7 times on average than in health agencies. Regarding functional, behavioral, and aesthetic outcomes, more attention should be paid to epidemiologic data and hospital costs for facial lacerations.     

PBL联合情境模拟教学法在术中低体温干预护理行为指导中的实践分析

目的 探究PBL联合情境模拟教学法运用于护理人员术中低体温干预护理行为指导中的实践效果。方法 于2016年3月至10月间,采用便利抽样法,按照纳入标准随机选取新疆乌鲁木齐市两所三级甲等医院手术室护理人员作为研究对象。观察组35名,采用PBL联合情境模拟教学干预方法；对照组32名,采用传统方法。结果 观察组与对照组护理人员对术中低体温干预护理的认知现状、安全文化态度与行为现状评分及术中低体温发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组麻醉后与结束时鼻咽温与肛温平均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；对照组麻醉后与结束时鼻咽温与肛温差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且结束时鼻咽温与肛温低于麻醉后；观察组变化趋势较对照组者平稳。结论 PBL联合情境模拟教学法利于改善手术室护理人员对术中低体温的认知现状、安全文化态度与行为现状,能有效预防术中低体温的发生,充分保障手术患者安全。