Exploring maximizing,satisficing and minimizing tendency in decision-making among autistic and neurotypical individuals

BackgroundThe tendency to maximize is one of the most frequently studied personal traits in choice-making and decision-making. In spite of the large resemblances between the decision behaviour that is characteristic for maximizers and the decision behaviour displayed by individuals with autism, and the considerable overlap in the list of decision problems and decision experiences commonly reported by maximizers and individuals with autism, the question whether individuals with autism are more maximizing in decision-making as compared to neurotypical controls, has remained unexamined in the literature. The paper measures and compares the tendency to maximize, satisfice, and minimize in choice- and decision-making among autistic individuals and age, gender- and education degree-matched neurotypical individuals.MethodThe Decision Making Tendency Inventory measurement scale (Misuraca et al., 2015) is used to measure six types of decision-making tendency: fearful maximizing, resolute maximizing, more ambitious satisficing, less ambitious satisficing, parsimonious minimizing, and indolent minimizing. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and comparison of the differences in latent means is performed.ResultsThe results demonstrate that autistic individuals are similar to neurotypical individuals when it comes to having a tendency to satisfice or minimize in decision-making, however, autistic individuals do score higher in terms of adopting a fearful and resolute maximizing tendency than neurotypical individuals.ConclusionsResults suggest that higher maximizing tendency may explain for some of the difficulties experienced by autistic individuals in decision-making     

阿萨伊油、醇提及水提物对虚热及虚寒小鼠温度趋向性及代谢水平的影响

通过考察阿萨伊油、醇提物和水提物等拆分组分对虚热及虚寒证小鼠的温度趋向性动物行为学表征,环核苷酸及代谢水平等内在生化指标的影响,探讨阿萨伊各拆分组分的寒热药性特点以及寒凉的物质基础。将昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、虚热模型组、虚热+阿萨伊冻干原粉组、虚热+阿萨伊油组、虚热+阿萨伊醇提物组、虚热+阿萨伊水提物组、虚寒模型组、虚寒+肉桂组、虚寒+阿萨伊冻干原粉组、虚寒+阿萨伊油组、虚寒+阿萨伊醇提物组、虚寒+阿萨伊水提物组共12个组。虚热组小鼠每天下午灌胃给予甲状腺片溶液160 mg·kg-1,虚寒组小鼠给予氢化可的松溶液25 mg·kg-1,连续14 d,各给药组灌胃相关药物,实验结束后测定动物温度趋向性、环核苷酸及代谢水平等相关指标。阿萨伊醇提物同阿萨伊原粉一致,表现出对虚热模型小鼠的调整作用;阿萨伊油及其水提物同肉桂一致,表现出对虚寒模型小鼠的调整作用。该研究基于中药性味可拆分理论,采用同类比较异类反证的方法证明了阿萨伊醇提物性偏凉,油及其水提物性偏温的特征,并明确了醇提物为阿萨伊性凉的物质基础。     

原生家庭干涉与夫妻离异倾向:婚姻质量的中介及伴侣支持的调节作用

目的:揭示我国文化下原生家庭干涉与夫妻离异倾向的关系,检验婚姻质量的中介及伴侣支持的调节作用。方法:采用原生家庭干涉量表、关系评估量表、婚姻不稳定性量表-简版、亲密关系支持量表对新婚至孩子小学阶段的341对夫妻进行调查。结果:(1)配偶原生家庭干涉对夫妻离异倾向均有显著正向预测作用,自身原生家庭干涉无显著作用;(2)夫妻双方婚姻质量在妻子配偶原生家庭干涉与双方离异倾向间起部分中介作用;(3)妻子伴侣支持在其配偶原生家庭干涉与双方离异倾向间起调节作用,高伴侣支持能完全缓冲妻子配偶原生家庭干涉对夫妻离异倾向的影响。结论:配偶原生家庭干涉对夫妻离异倾向有直接作用,也可通过削弱婚姻质量起作用,伴侣支持在其中起一定的缓冲作用。     

Mortality and morbidity of diabetes in Papua New Guinea

Summary A 95% follow-up of all known diabetic patients in one racial group in Papua New Guinea was performed. Mortality was high with an average life-span of 4–5 years from the time of diagnosis. Microvascular diabetic complications were detected in over half of the surviving diabetic patients whose average duration of known disease was 3.8 years. At present, diabetes mellitus is both a rapidly fatal and morbid disease in Papua New Guinea.     

1962名男性新兵人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4~+)结果分析

目的了解部队新兵人格倾向特征。方法采用人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)对某部队1 962名男性新兵进行抽样调查,并与大学生样本进行比较。结果 (1)除表演型、反社会型分量表外,新兵其他各分量表及总量表得分均显著低于大学生(P<0.05);新兵人格倾向亚型的阳性检出率在7.25%~36.07%。(2)低年龄组新兵在偏执型、分裂型、自恋型、边缘型、反社会型、依赖型分量表及总量表的得分均高于高年龄组新兵(P<0.05);父母关系和睦的新兵各个人格倾向亚型(除强迫型外)得分均显著低于父母关系不和睦新兵的得分(P<0.05);农村与城市新兵的偏执型、分裂型、表演型、自恋型、边缘型、反社会型和被动攻击型分量表得分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且城市新兵人格障碍得分更高(P<0.05);除分裂样型、自恋型、强迫型分量表外,独生子女新兵其他分量表及总量得分均高于非独生子女新兵(P<0.05)。结论新兵的人格倾向问题好于大学生样本,低龄、父母关系不和睦、居住在城市和独生子女新兵有更多的人格倾向问题。     

精密注塑机的最新技术进展及发展趋势

本文通过分析注塑机锁模结构、驱动方式的变化,从精密、高效、节能、环保等方面,阐述了精密注塑机的最新技术进展及发展趋势.     

Adrenal cortical carcinoma initially presented with overwhelming disseminated intravascular coagulation

We report a 54-year-old man who had adrenal cortical carcinoma initially manifested as features of overwhelming disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In the initial diagnostic work-up, an adrenal mass was detected with venous thrombi in the abdominal imaging study, but the radiologic diagnosis was a hematoma arising from the adrenal gland and a biopsy was not possible due to a bleeding tendency. A lot of platelets and plasma products were transfused, but the bleeding tendency and other DIC features persisted. Finally, he expired because of newly developed massive pulmonary thromboembolism. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adrenal cortical carcinoma complicated with bleeding tendency caused by DIC as an initial manifestation. This suggests that adrenal cortical carcinoma should be considered in a patient with an adrenal mass and DIC features.     

安徽怀远县1970～2003年钩端螺旋体病流行病学分析

目的了解怀远县乃至安徽省钩端螺旋体病(以下简称“钩体病”)其流行趋势,以制定科学有效的控制措施。方法根据怀远县1970-2003年疫情资料及检验结果进行汇总统计,并加以整理分析。结果怀远县1970-2003年平均发病率为1.79/10万,1970～2001年全县发生的钩体病以波摩那群为主,2002～2003年以黄疸出血群为主;流行形式上,以爆发为主,常伴有散发病例,爆发病例共549例,占总报告病例的88.12％;时间分布上,无明显周期性,除3次爆发出现明显的年度高峰外,其余年份病例数无明显差异,呈散发,以7～10月份发病为多,占报告病例总数的93.10％,去除爆发因素,则以1月份和7、8月份相对较多;男性明显高于女性,男女性别发病数之比为2.09∶1,以10～44岁发病数较高,形成较为明显的年龄高峰,75岁以上无发病;地区分布上,除爆发乡镇病例明显高于其它乡镇外,其余乡镇无明显差异,但从河流分布看,涡河以南明显高于涡河以北,若去除爆发因素,两者无明显改变。2003年的8～9月份钩体病现状调查显示,我县涡河以南钩体病感染率明显高于涡河以北(x~2=17.32,P<0.01)。结论我县钩体疫源地类型已由既往的经济疫源地向自然疫源地过渡,为混合型疫源地,流行形式已由洪水型向稻田型过渡,目前与稻田型一致,以黄疸出血群为主,黑线姬鼠为主要动物宿主,流行菌群发生变迁,并从血清学及病原学方面证实了“南黄北移”现象的存在。     

Factor XIII insufficiency in a patient with severe psoriasis vulgaris, arthritis, and infirmity

Factor XIII (FXIII) links soluble fibrin monomers and collagen fibres to stable fibrin connections. Deficiency of FXIII, caused by dyspoiesis or increased consumption, results in a bleeding tendency and wound healing complications. Although the decrease of FXIII and successful replacement in patients with wound healing complications after surgery have been described by several authors, it is rarely considered that patients with autoimmune diseases, bleeding or healing complications may suffer from FXIII deficiency. We report a patient with severe psoriasis vulgaris generalisata with large, painful erythemas, bleeding tendency, joint contractions and infirmity, whose FXIII activity was 19%. After successful replacement the bleeding tendency vanished, and a marked improvement of skin and joint mobility allowed mobilisation and administration of physical therapy, whereby some independence and mobility were restored to the patient.     

促肝细胞生长素预防控制慢性重型肝炎临床疗效观察

本文对３３例慢性重型肝炎和３３０例较重的慢性活动型肝炎（指ＳＢ≥５８．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＰＴＡ≤４５．５％，称为重肝倾向）分为两对观察小组进行药物临床疗效观察，结果治疗组的病死率明显低于其对照组，肝功能好转率明显高于对照组。