后路半椎体全切术治疗青少年先天性脊柱侧凸畸形

目的：评价后路半椎体切除治疗青少年半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007-06-2011-0621例青少年半椎体畸形采用一期后路半椎体全切除术患者的临床资料,均行后路半椎体切除加植骨融合钉棒内固定术。结果冠状面主弯cobb角术前平均为40.3°,术后平均为15.4°,末次随访平均为16.3°,矫正率为61.7％;矢状面后凸cobb角术前平均为33.3°,术后平均为11.8°,末次随访平均为12.6°,矫正率为64.5％;局部侧凸cobb角术前平均为36.2°,术后平均为14.7°,末次随访平均为15.3°,矫正率为59.3％。结论后路半椎体切除可去除病因,同时矫正冠状位和矢状位畸形,是治疗青少年半椎体引起的先天性脊柱侧凸的有效方法。     

Older patients with anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta: Guidance via lung biopsy

Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by progressive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD) in early childhood. This condition is assumed to be inoperable in older children and adults. However, pulmonary vascular resistance of the isolated lung is difficult to measure by catheterization due to its unique anatomical features, and thus we have used lung biopsy as an alternative method to evaluate candidacy for repair. Here, we report our experience with two patients whose lung biopsy demonstrated reversible PVOD, leading us to perform a surgical repair.     

青少年环境科学素质提升路径探究

阐述了我国青少年环境科学素质提升工作基础,以开发环保校本课程为主论述了青少年环境科学素质提升路径。     

广西百色市苗族青少年脂肪发育和分布特点

目的:利用生物电阻抗法测量广西百色市苗族青少年身体各部脂肪含量的数值,探讨广西百色市苗族青少年脂肪分布特点与规律。方法:在知情同意的情况下,随机整群抽取广西百色市733例(女为303例,男为430例)11~17岁苗族健康青少年作为研究对象,应用体成分分析仪对所有受试者进行测量,所有数据均用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行统计学处理。结果:广西百色市苗族青少年各年龄段的脂肪总量、躯干脂肪量、四肢脂肪量,女性均大于男性。总体广西百色市苗族青少年的身体各部脂肪含量随年龄增长而增加,女性的增加趋势更加显著。结论:苗族青少年脂肪含量随年龄变化特点符合一般青少年发育的正常规律。苗族青少年脂肪发育和分布存在性别差异。     

青春期青少年足甲襞微循环观测方法及结果

目的 探讨青春期青少年足甲襞微循环（FNM）的观测方法、指标及正常参考值.方法 采用WX-9B型多部位微循环显微镜及微循环图像分析系统,观测200名青春期青少年FNM的形态、血流动态及管周状态,并计算FNM各项指标的正常值,同时对观测前准备、观测体位、观测方法进行探讨.结果 观测指标及正常值：清晰度（清晰）、管襻数目（7.00±3.74条/mm）、输入枝长度（89.57±46.20μm）、输出枝长度（106.45±62.30μm）、输入枝直径（6.74±4.08μm）、输出枝直径（8.69±4.26μm）、襻顶直径（10.89±4.02μm）、管襻形状（发卡型和交叉型）、血流速度（线流、线粒流及粒线流）、红细胞聚集（无）、血色（玫瑰红）、白细胞计数（1～30个/15s）、血管运动性（0～1次/min）、白微栓（无）、渗出（无）、出血（无）、乳头下静脉丛（11%可见）、皮肤乳头（波纹状及浅波纹状）、汗腺导管（0～2个/1趾甲襞）.结论 足甲襞是青春期青少年活体微循环观测的良好部位,其各项指标与成人和儿童有所不同,建立青春期青少年FNM正常参考值,对规范FNM检测标准有重要意义.     

Early onset of sexual intercourse is an indicator for hazardous lifestyle and problematic life situation

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 20–26 Early onset of sexual intercourse is an indicator for hazardous lifestyle and problematic life situation Background: In public health efforts, knowledge about risk‐groups is important for creating societal conditions to ensure good health on equal terms. Aim: To investigate differences in lifestyle and perceived health among 15‐year‐old teenagers with experience of sexual intercourse (self‐defined) and same‐aged teenagers without experience of sexual intercourse. Methods: A two‐cluster questionnaire study among 15‐year‐old Swedish students (n = 2170) in 2009/10. Chi‐squared test was used to identify differences between three groups: teenagers who had not had sexual intercourse; teenagers who had had sexual intercourse at age of 14 or younger; and teenagers who had had intercourse at an age of 15. Results: Thirty‐two per cent (n = 334) of girls and 31% (n = 324) of boys had had sexual intercourse. Teenagers with experience of sexual intercourse at 15 years or younger used more tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs than same‐aged teenagers without intercourse experience did. Furthermore, teenagers with experience of intercourse, especially those with a debut at 14 year or younger, had less positive school experiences, more involvement in injuries and physical violence, were less (girls) and more (boys) physically active, and perceived a poorer health than teenagers without intercourse experience. Conclusion: Sexual intercourse at the age of 15 or younger is an indicator for a hazardous lifestyle and problematic life situation.     

亚洲少年眼和肾结节病1例

结节病通常导致年轻人患双侧肺门淋巴腺病,肺实质疾病和/或皮肤损伤等。儿童结节病是一种相对罕见的疾病,尤其是眼和肾脏同时受累的儿童患者。我们这里呈现了一个双侧复发性前葡萄膜炎伴发肾功能衰竭的结节病的少年亚裔病情。口服类固醇与甲氨喋呤后临床症状得到明显改善。因顽固性青光眼行小梁切除术后双眼视力令人满意。因此,给予及时的诊断及迅速适当的处理能避免这类罕见疾病的眼部发病率。     

有氧间歇训练对肥胖青少年心脏功能和体适能的影响

目的：探讨8周有氧间歇训练对肥胖青少年心脏功能和体适能的影响,为肥胖青少年制定特异性的运动处方提供依据。方法：40名男性肥胖青少年（BMI ≥ 25）随机分为对照组和运动组,每组各20名。运动组受试者进行每周2次、每次持续50~60 min、共8周的有氧间歇训练,对照组受试者保持日常生活习惯不变。试验前后分别测定2组受试者安静心率（RHR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、最大摄氧量（VO2max）及体脂百分比;采用超声心动仪检测所有受试者左心室收缩末容积（LVESV）、左心室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、每搏输出量（SV）、心输出量（CO）、缩短分数（FS）和左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果：试验前2组受试者各指标比较差异均无统计学意义。试验后组内比较,运动组受试者体脂百分比、RHR和SBP较试验前下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,VO2max升高（P<0.01）,心功能参数LVEDV、SV、LVEF和FS较试验前升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,CO试验前后差异无统计学意义;对照组受试者试验前后各指标比较差异均无统计学意义。试验后组间比较,运动组受试者体脂百分比、RHR和SBP均低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;VO2max、LVEDV、SV、LVEF和FS均高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：有氧间歇训练可改善肥胖青少年心脏功能并提高其体适能水平。
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