白杨素固体脂质纳米粒水凝胶骨架缓释片的制备

目的制备白杨素固体脂质纳米粒水凝胶骨架缓释片。方法乳化超声-低温固化法制备固体脂质纳米粒后进一步制成冻干粉,再以HPMC 15KM为缓释材料制备水凝胶骨架缓释片。在单因素试验基础上,以HPMC 15KM用量、PEG400与PEG4000比例、PEG用量、硬脂酸镁用量为影响因素,累积释放度为评价指标,正交试验优化处方,再进行释药模型拟合。结果最优处方为HPMC K15 M用量50 mg,PEG 400与PEG 4000比例2∶1,PEG用量30 mg,硬脂酸镁用量0.5%,12 h内累积释放度为93.19%。水凝胶骨架缓释片体外释放符合一级方程(r=0.994 1),释药机制为骨架溶蚀与扩散并存。结论该方法简便可靠,可用于制备具有明显体外缓释特征的白杨素固体脂质纳米粒水凝胶骨架缓释片。     

Resistant Starch Content in Foods Commonly Consumed in the United States: A Narrative Review

Resistant starch (RS; types 1 to 5) cannot be digested in the small intestine and thus enters the colon intact, with some types capable of being fermented by gut microbes. As a fiber, types 1, 2, 3, and 5 are found naturally in foods, while types 2, 3, and 4 can be added to foods as a functional ingredient. This narrative review identifies RS content in whole foods commonly consumed in the United States. Scientific databases (n=3) were searched by two independent researchers. Ninety-four peer-reviewed articles published between 1982 and September 2018 were selected in which the RS was quantified and the food preparation method before analysis was suitable for consumption. The RS from each food item was adjusted for moisture if the RS value was provided as percent dry weight. Each food item was entered into a database according to food category, where the weighted mean±weighted standard deviation was calculated. The range of RS values and overall sample size for each food category were identified. Breads, breakfast cereals, snack foods, bananas and plantains, grains, pasta, rice, legumes, and potatoes contain RS. Foods that have been cooked then chilled have higher RS than cooked foods. Foods with higher amylose concentrations have higher RS than native varieties. The data from this database will serve as a resource for health practitioners to educate and support patients and clients interested in increasing their intake of RS-rich foods and for researchers to formulate dietary interventions with RS foods and examine associated health outcomes.     

Mechanical Retention and Waterproof Properties of Bacterial Cellulose-Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposites Modified with Sodium Hexametaphosphate

The waterproof and strength retention properties of bacterial cellulose (BC)-reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) resins were successfully improved by reacting with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). After modification with SHMP, the tensile strength (σ_f) and impact strength (I_s) values of initial and conditioned BC-reinforced TPS, modified with varying amounts of SHMP(TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02SHMP_x), and their blends with poly(lactic acid)((TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02SHMP_x)₇₅PLA₂₅) specimens improved significantly and reached a maximal value as SHMP content approached 10 parts per hundred parts of TPS resin (phr), while their moisture content and elongation at break (ɛ_f) was reduced to a minimal value as SHMP contents approached 10 phr. The σ_f, I_s and ɛ_f retention values of a (TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02SHMP₁₀)₇₅PLA₂₅ specimen conditioned for 56 days are 52%, 50% and 3 times its initial σ_f, I_s and ɛ_f values, respectively, which are 32.5 times, 8.9 times and 40% of those of a corresponding conditioned TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02 specimen, respectively. As evidenced by FTIR analyses of TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02SHMP_x specimens, hydroxyl groups of TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02 resins were successfully reacted with the phosphate groups of SHMP molecules. New melting endotherms and diffraction peaks of V_H-type crystals were found on DSC thermograms and WAXD patterns of TPS or TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02 specimens conditioned for 7 days, while no new melting endotherm or diffraction peak was found for TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02SHMP_x and/or (TPS₁₀₀BC_0.02SHMP_x)₇₅PLA₂₅ specimens conditioned for less than 14 and 28 days, respectively.     

美托洛尔用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨美托洛尔(β1受体阻滞剂)用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年6月—2019年6月在我院接受治疗的60岁以上(包括60岁)COPD合并冠心病史老年患者,分为对照组与观察组。对照组给予接受布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗,观察组在使用布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗的基础上口服琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗,观察对比两组治疗效果。结果:观察组临床治疗效果优于对照组,观察组住院时长以及并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论:老年COPD合并冠心病史接受美托洛尔治疗,可有效缩短住院时长、用药效果明显、有效提升用药安全性,值得临床推广。     

Preparation and characterization of co-processed starch/MCC/chitin hydrophilic polymers onto magnesium silicate

It was aimed to investigate the compressibility, compactibility, powder flow and tablet disintegration of a new excipient comprising magnesium (Mg) silicate co-processed (5%–85% w/w) onto chitin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and starch as the hydrophilic polymers of interest. Initially, the mechanism of tablet disintegration was studied by measuring water infiltration rate, moisture sorption, swelling capacity and hydration ability. Moreover, the powders compression behavior was carried out by applying Kawakita model of compression analysis in addition to porosity and radial tensile strength measurements. In vitro drug release of compacts made of 400?mg ibuprofen and 300?mg of the hydrophilic polymers containing 30% w/w Mg silicate co-precipitate was investigated in phosphate buffer (pH 7.8). This work demonstrated that the incorporation of Mg silicate to the hydrophilic polymers lead to the improvement of powder flowability, compactibility, stability (with regard to storage conditions), compacts crushing strength, and disintegration time in addition to faster drug release. The overall findings are practically advantageous in the context of finding a low cost and multifunctional co-processed excipient of natural origins.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统对预防子宫内膜息肉宫腔镜电切术后复发的效果观察

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统对预防子宫内膜息肉(Endometrialpolyps,EP)宫腔镜电切术后复发的效果。方法:选择江西省妇幼保健院2017年5月至2019年12月采取宫腔镜电切术的60例EP患者,根据术后治疗方法不同随机分为观察组(36例)与对照组(24例),其中观察组给予含有左炔诺孕酮52 mg缓释系统,对照组给予屈螺酮炔雌醇片口服21片。于术前、术后12个月采用全自动血细胞分析仪测定血清血红蛋白水平,采用超声检查观察子宫内膜厚度,采用血液检查测定性激素变化,并记录两者术后复发情况。结果:与术前相比各组月经失血图评分(Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart,PBAC)、子宫内膜厚度、血红蛋白均改善(P<0.05),且观察组更为显著(P<0.05);观察组复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统能改善术后子宫内膜厚度、月经恢复及血红蛋白水平,降低复发率,稳定性激素水平。     

Synthesis and evaluation of the structural and physicochemical properties of carboxymethyl pregelatinized starch as a pharmaceutical excipient

A pregelatinized starch (PGS) was derivatized with sodium chloroacetate (SCA) in alcoholic medium under alkaline condition to produce carboxymethyl pregelatinized starch (CMPGS) with various degrees of substitution (DS). Influence of the molar ratio of SCA to the glucopyranose units (SCA/GU), reaction time, temperature and the amount of sodium hydroxide on the degree of substitution (DS) and the reaction efficiency (RE) was studied. An optimal concentration of 30% of NaOH, for a reaction time of 1 h at 50 °C and molar ratio (SCA/GU) equal to 1.0, yielded an optimal DS of 0.55 and a RE of 55%. SEM micrographs revealed that the carboxymethylation assigned the structural arrangement of CMPGS and caused the granular disintegration. Wide angle diffraction X-ray (XRD) showed that the crystallinity of starch was obviously varied after carboxymethylation. New bands in FTIR spectra at 1417 and 1603 cm⁻¹ indicated the presence of carboxymethyl groups. The solubility and viscosity of CMPGS increased with an increase in the degree of modification. In order to investigate the influence of DS on physical and drug release properties, CMPGS obtained with DS in the range of 0.12–0.55 was evaluated as tablet excipient for sustained drug release. Dissolution tests performed in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), with Ibuprofen as drug model (25% loading) showed that CMPGS seems suitable to be used as sustained release excipient since the drug release was driven over a period up to 8 h. The in vitro release kinetics studies revealed that all formulations fit well with Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the mechanism of drug release is non-Fickian diffusion.     

Effects of dietary consistency and water content on parotid amylase secretion and gastric starch digestion in rats

The aim was to estimate the significance of oral sensation and mastication in inducing amylase secretion from the parotid gland and subsequent starch digestion in the stomach. Rats were fed three diets of similar chemical composition but different physical presentations. Two were solid, either pellets or powder, and one was liquid. Oral sensory activity would be greatest with the pellets and least with the liquid. Only the pellets would require significant mastication. Three criteria were used to estimate amylase secretion, amylase activity in the stomach, the depletion of glandular amylase activity and plasma amylase concentrations. Gastric starch digestion was estimated by measuring the concentration of reducing-sugars in the stomach contents. Parotid amylase secretion and gastric starch digestion were similar whether rats were fed pelleted or powdered solid food but much lower in rats fed a liquid diet. These findings support the view that it is the contact of dry food with the oral mucosa rather than the jaw movements involved in mastication that stimulates parotid amylase secretion.     

高容血液稀释对正颌外科病人血液动力学和凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨术前急性高容量血液稀释对正颌外科病人血液动力学和凝血功能的影响，评估该方法临床应用的价值。方法 选择择期行正颌外科双颔手术的病人40例，随机分为ABCD四组，每组10例。A为贺斯实验组。术前输注6％羟乙基淀粉和乳酸林格液各占总量1／2，行急性高容血液稀释；B为贺斯对照组，用6％羟乙基淀粉和乳酸林格液补充术中丢失血液和体液；C为佳乐施实验组，术前输注4％琥珀酰明胶和乳酸林格液各占总量1／2，行急性高容血液稀释；D为佳乐施对照组，用4％琥珀酰明胶和乳酸林格液补充术中丢失血液和体液。四组病例术中均采用硝普钠控制性降压，平均动脉压（MAP）控制在50～60mmHg。实验组在插管后稀释前即刘（T0），稀释后手术开始前即刻（T1），手术结束即刻（T2），术后第一日8AM（T3）时；对照组在手术开始前即刻（T1），手术结束即刘（T2），术后第一日8AM（T3）时，记录RBC、HBG、HCT及凝血指标的变化，以及血液动力学的变化。结果 MAP：A、C组T1低于T0（P〈0．01）；T2高于T1（P〈0．01）。HR：A、C组T2高于T0、T1（P〈0．01）。RBC、HGB、HCT和PLT：A、C组T1低于T0（P〈0．01），T3升高超过T1且接近T0。结论 术前急性高容量血液稀释对正颌外科病人血液动力学的稳定影响小，能减少血液的丢失。贺斯与佳乐施两种胶体液均可引起部分凝血指标的改变，但二者均不影响凝血功能。可以作为正颌外科手术选择性应用的一种有效的辅助方法。