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王付超  林乐岷 《安徽医药》2022,26(11):2171-2174
真空辅助乳腺活检系统( VABB)由美国食品与药品监督管理局于 1995年批准应用于乳腺肿物的活检。该系统包括内外套针、旋切刀、传送装置、真空抽吸泵、控制器及相关软件等组成。 VABB可在多种影像学引导下(乳腺超声、 MRI、X线)对乳腺病灶切除活检。起初 VABB系统主要应用于乳腺病灶的活检,如早期乳腺癌的诊断。由于 VABB通过影像学引导下精确完整切除病灶,能够获得足够量的组织样本进行病理学检查,因此广泛应用于良性乳腺疾病的治疗,如良性乳腺肿瘤的切除、乳腺炎、乳腺整形手术等,成为乳腺微创手术的重要手段。  相似文献   
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PurposeThis study aimed to identify the evidence in the scientific literature between exposure to surgical smoke and biological symptoms in healthcare professionals and patients.DesignA systematic review.MethodsElectronic databases were searched, including vivo observational and experimental studies published until August 2020 in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French.FindingsWe identified 13 studies, with a predominance of cross-sectional (6; 46.15%), experimental laboratory (4; 30.76%) and cohort (3; 23.07%) studies. The main manifestations identified were related to respiratory tract and headache. There was identification of histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa of healthcare professionals and the presence of toxic substances from smoke identified in the urine of patients and healthcare professionals.ConclusionThe scientific literature on the biological symptoms of surgical smoke is mainly composed of observational studies with a reduced sample size, thus constituting aspects which limit a broader and long-term understanding of the biological effects of surgical smoke exposure in healthcare professionals and patients.  相似文献   
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BackgroundIn shoulder arthroplasty, bone resorption around the stem can lead to stem loosening and makes surgery difficult at the time of revision. Proximal bone resorption after reverse shoulder arthroplasty can cause instability because of a decrease of deltoid wrapping effect. As factors of the stem itself, such as stem coating, shape, length, and use of bone cement, may also affect bone resorption, a single-stem model should be used to compare bone resorptions between different pathologies and surgical procedures. However, to date, a few reports have compared these differences in detail using a single-stem model. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and location of humeral bone resorption in a single-stem model.MethodsThe study included 100 shoulders that underwent anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or humeral head replacement (HHR) with a single uncemented humeral stem from 2008 to 2018. The patients were 31 men and 69 women. The mean age at surgery was 72.9 years (range, 41-86 years). The patients were divided into three groups: especially, 25, 61, and 14 shoulders received TSA for primary osteoarthritis without rotator cuff tears (TSA group), HHR using an anatomical head with rotator cuff repair for cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) (HHR group), and HHR using a CTA head without rotator cuff repair (CTA group), respectively. Patients were monitored for a mean of 56 months (range, 12-98 months). The location of bone resorption was divided into seven zones as follows: zone 1, greater tuberosity; zone 2, lateral diaphysis; zone 3, lateral diaphysis beyond the deltoid tuberosity; zone 4, tip of the stem; zone 5, medial diaphysis beyond the deltoid tuberosity; zone 6, medial diaphysis; and zone 7, calcar region. The degree of bone resorption was classified from grade 0 to 4.ResultsBone resorption of grade 3 or higher was significantly more frequent at the greater tuberosity in the HHR and CTA groups (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) than that in the TSA group. Grade 4 bone resorption was significantly more frequent in the CTA than that in the TSA and HHR groups in zone 1 (P = .016 and P = .041, respectively).ConclusionThe state of attachment of the rotator cuff to the greater tuberosity might affect bone resorption at the greater tuberosity, such as the greater tuberosity after shoulder arthroplasty. In cases of shoulder arthroplasty for arthropathy with rotator cuff tear, performing rotator cuff repair might prevent bone resorption.Level of evidenceLevel IV; Prognosis Study  相似文献   
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AIM:To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020,and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China.METHODS:By searching Pub Med,EMBASE,Web of Science,Wanfang Data and CNKI,Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved,and the relevant characteristic data were extracted.Then,Stata v15 SE software was used for Metaanalysis and heterogeneity test.According to the results of heterogeneity,the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data.RESULTS:A total of 20 studies were included in this study,with a total of 111434 cases.Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity.According to the random effect model,the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%,that in rural was 28.79%,and that in urban was 26.66%.The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of cataract is high in China,and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage,so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.  相似文献   
7.
目的探讨应用侧胸壁筋膜皮瓣修复乳房外侧象限局部缺损的可行性及美容效果。 方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年7月郴州市第一人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科收治的外侧象限乳腺疾病患者46例,其中乳腺癌30例、肉芽肿性乳腺炎10例和交界性叶状肿瘤6例。观察组(26例)采用侧胸壁筋膜皮瓣修复局部缺损,对照组(20例)采用切缘周围脂肪筋膜瓣移位成形修复局部缺损。采用t检验比较2组患者年龄、肿瘤直径、残腔大小、切口长度、手术时间、出血量、引流管留置时间;采用χ2检验比较2组患者肿瘤位置、TNM分期、并发症发生率;采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验比较2组患者术后美容效果。 结果2组患者的手术切口长度和引流管留置时间比较,差异有统计学意义(t=18.143、2.197,P均<0.050)。观察组和对照组术后并发症发生率为15.4%(4/26)和20.0%(4/20),2组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.000,P=0.986)。术后美容效果评价显示观察组优良率为96.2%(25/26),对照组优良率为70.0%(14/20),2组患者优良率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.138,P=0.042)。术后2组患者美容效果评价比较,差异有统计学意义(H=6.528,P=0.038)。术后所有患者中位随访24个月(12~36个月),均无局部复发及远处转移。 结论采用侧胸壁筋膜皮瓣修复乳房外侧象限局部缺损是可行的,手术可操作性强、创伤小,切口隐蔽及美容效果好,值得临床推广。  相似文献   
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肾功能异常指多种原因,包括肾脏疾病或非肾脏疾病引起的血肌酐和尿素氮升高,伴或不伴水肿、电解质紊乱、高血压等多系统、脏器累及症状。儿科临床上很大一部分患者以肾功能异常为首发表现。笔者就儿童肾功能异常的诊断思路进行综述,提出儿童肾功能异常的诊断应该遵循病程和肾功能分期、定位、定因、并发症评估的程序,其中特别建议无论急性或慢性肾功能异常,肾功能分级均采用目前慢性肾脏病的国际分级标准,病因方面儿童肾功能异常仍以遗传性疾病最为常见。先天性肾脏和尿路畸形只是一种形态学诊断,其病因也可能仍以遗传因素为主。  相似文献   
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Continuous utero-placental circulation, and patent umbilical blood vessels ensure an uninterrupted transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as clearance of metabolic waste products. The onset of labour characterized by progressive and strong uterine contractions poses a threat to fetal oxygenation as a result of collapsing the spiral arterioles traversing the myometrium to supply the placental bed, and repetitive compression of the blood vessels within the umbilical cord. Human fetuses are equipped with compensatory mechanisms to cope with transient interruptions of blood supply during labour. The ability to compensate may be blunted in cases of poor fetal reserves, increased metabolic demand (macrosomia or maternal fever), and due to non-hypoxic pathways (e.g. chorioamniontis or fetal hypovolumia-hypotension syndrome). Intrapartum fetal surveillance involves prompt recognition of the features that signal the onset of fetal decompensation on the cardiotocograph (CTG) to ensure a timely intervention to avoid hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or perinatal deaths. This article summarises a ‘physiological approach’ to the interpretation of the CTG which, in places, conflicts with other current UK guidance.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用效果。方法 选取12例颧骨复合体骨折、骨折段移位明显、伴有面部塌陷或张口受限等功能障碍患者,行局部小切口切开复位内固定术,其中颧额缝采用双重睑切口入路,术后评价骨折复位固定、功能和畸形改善、术后瘢痕等情况。结果 所有骨折复位固定方便,患者颧面部外形满意,功能改善明显,术后瘢痕隐蔽。结论 双重睑切口作为颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定其中的手术入路,既能达到骨折复位,又能减少创伤,具有一定的临床使用价值。  相似文献   
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