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1.
目的:探讨近视儿童配戴多区正向光学离焦镜片后的主观视觉质量,并与角膜塑形镜、单焦点镜 片相比较。方法:前瞻性临床研究。收集2020年7—10月在南宁爱尔眼科医院视光中心配戴多区 正向光学离焦镜片31例(31眼)(DIMS组)、OK镜32例(32眼)(OK镜组)、单焦点镜片30例(30眼) (SV组)共93例(93眼)近视患者。配戴矫正镜片1个月后,采用Oculus视功能检查仪对3组进行全 程视力、对比敏感度、中间视觉、眩光、立体视等主观视觉质量检查。数据采用单因素方差分析、 卡方检验、秩和检验、Spearman相关性分析等方法进行分析。结果:3组患儿戴镜后近、远视力相 对于基线期变化值的差异均无统计学意义。在近、远立体视锐度当中3组差异无统计学意义,3组 在600″~200″立体视视锐度的人数分别都是最少的。3 组之间的对比敏感度差异有统计学意义 (F=17.96, P<0.001),合格例数最多的DIMS组有20例(65%)被检者对比敏感度≤15%。DIMS组在 有无眩光情况下,对比度等级(1:2.7、1:2.0)的通过率均高于OK镜组、SV组,且1:2.0对比度等级更 为明显,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。立体视锐度与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.30, P=0.008),与 屈光度数无相关性。眩光与对比敏感度间呈正相关(r=0.64, P<0.001),与性别、年龄、屈光度分析 均无相关性。结论:多区正向光学离焦镜片相对于角膜塑形镜及单焦点镜片而言,可提供更好的主 观视觉质量,有好的舒适性和安全性。  相似文献   
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目的:探讨家庭社会经济地位与青少年主观幸福感的关系及领悟社会支持和积极心理资本的中介作用。方法:采用家庭社会经济地位问卷、幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和积极心理资本问卷调查了932名青少年。结果:(1)家庭社会经济地位、领悟社会支持、积极心理资本和主观幸福感两两之间相关显著;(2)家庭社会经济地位对主观幸福感的直接效应不显著,但领悟社会支持、积极心理资本在家庭社会经济地位与主观幸福感之间的三条中介路径均显著。结论:为提升低家庭社会经济地位青少年主观幸福感,改善其领悟社会支持和积极心理资本水平是可实现的有效路径。  相似文献   
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Backgroundand purpose: Stress and burnout among healthcare workers are significant public health concerns. The primary aim of this pilot study was to conduct preliminary assessments of safety, feasibility, and participant satisfaction with a psychotherapy incorporating equines (PIE)-based resiliency intervention for healthcare workers. The overarching goal was to lay the groundwork for future, more rigorous investigations. Lastly, a very preliminary assessment of using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQII) to assess for changes in psychological flexibility (PF) associated with PIE was conducted.Materials and methodsThirty-seven staff members from a medical center participated in a 4-h PIE-based resiliency retreat. Pre- and post-intervention instruments were utilized to assess participants’ self-perception of physical and psychological health (PROMIS Global Short Form) and enjoyment of (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) and satisfaction with (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) the intervention, as well as changes in PF (AAQII).ResultsThere were no adverse effects on participants, staff, or equines. Preliminary results suggested that the intervention was perceived as enjoyable by participants. However, the intervention was not fully utilized. Finally, there was a significant (p = 0.02) pre-to post-intervention change in AAQII scores.ConclusionThis study provides a foundation for future rigorous studies of PIE-based resiliency interventions for medical staff. Given the limitations of this pilot work, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding safety and feasibility. However, the preliminary results suggest that future studies of this intervention are warranted and that the AAQII may be a useful instrument to assess for possible changes in PF.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesTraining in emotion management is not a standard part of medical education. This study’s objective was to understand physicians’ challenges navigating emotion (their own and their patients’) and identify areas for intervention to support physician wellness and enhance patient care.MethodsIn 2019, we surveyed 103 physicians in emergency medicine, internal medicine, family medicine, and neurology. Participants quantitatively reported emotion training, emotions that were challenging, and barriers to addressing emotion. They provided qualitative examples of emotion challenges and successes that we analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in responses by specialty. Only 10% reported receiving emotion management training, with no evidence that more recently trained physicians received more. Those who had received training on emotion reported greater comfort in dealing with patients’ emotions and were more likely to engage in teaching on emotion. There were gender and career stage differences regarding which emotions physicians found most challenging. The authors identified central themes of emotion-related challenges and successes.ConclusionsTargeted educational initiatives are needed to advance physicians’ ability to navigate emotion in clinical encounters.Practice implicationsDeveloping strategies for managing patients’ emotions may better prepare physicians for navigating the emotional demands of practicing medicine.  相似文献   
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BackgroundBefore the COVID-19 pandemic, people with mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive disabilities were at a higher risk of lower psychosocial well-being than people without disabilities. It is, therefore, of great importance to investigate whether the pandemic has exacerbated this difference.ObjectiveThis study examines whether people with disabilities (categorized as mobility, vision, hearing, cognitive, and any disabilities) report more COVID-19-related negative effects on psychosocial well-being (loneliness, decreased social contact, decreased hope for the future, concerns about being infected) than people without disabilities.MethodsWe analyzed population-based data from the Finnish Health, Welfare, and Services (FinSote) survey carried out in 2020–2021 (N = 22 165, age 20+). Logistic regression models were applied, controlling for the effects of age, sex, partnership, living alone, and education.ResultsAll disability groups, except those with vision disabilities, reported significantly more often that the pandemic increased loneliness than people without disabilities. There were no significant differences between the disability groups and people without disabilities in decreased social contacts. People with only mobility and cognitive disabilities reported significantly more often that the pandemic decreased their hope for the future than those without disabilities. All disability groups were more often concerned about being infected than people without disabilities, but this effect was not significant among people 75 or older.ConclusionThe psychosocial well-being of people with specific types of disabilities should receive special attention during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.  相似文献   
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循证医学模式的引入使得恶性肿瘤中医治疗的有效性有了新的阐述途径,同时也对中医疗效评价体系提出了更高的要求。基于患者的自身感受,医师望闻问切四诊等得到的主观信息是主观疗效评价的重要组成方面,一直以来都是中医疗效评价的重要手段,其由单一的症状是否好转的评价发展至多重症状是否改善、整体生活质量是否提高等的评价方式,主观疗效评价的方式越来越丰富,也越来越规范,文章就目前主观疗效评价在中医药领域的研究现状及进展展开综述。  相似文献   
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目的基于PG-SGA评定量表的营养干预在胃部肿瘤患者中的评价及应用效果。方法选取江苏省苏北人民医院2016年10月至2018年10月收治的胃部恶性肿瘤患者125例,采用PG-SGA对患者进行营养评估,分析不同年龄、性别、BMI的患者PG-SGA评分结果。采取随机数字表法进行单纯随机分组,将评定量表中PG-SGA≥4分患者随机分为营养干预组和对照组,营养干预组患者予以营养宣教+营养干预,对照组给予营养宣教。分别比较两组患者第1~3周的日摄入能量、蛋白质水平,以及3周后体重变化等营养指标。结果 两组不同年龄、性别患者PG-SGA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同BMI患者PG-SGA评分在4~8分及≥9分范围内比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),营养干预组患者第1~3周的日摄入能量、蛋白质高于对照组患者,3周后对照组体重变化(丢失)高于干预组,干预组白蛋白、总蛋白、血红蛋白等水平高于对照组,红细胞计数高于对照组,差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PG-SGA可以较好地反映胃恶性肿瘤患者的营养状况,营养干预治疗可以改善胃部恶性肿瘤患者的营养状况。  相似文献   
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目的探讨恶性肿瘤患者相位角与营养风险和住院时间相关性。方法利用生物电阻抗分析对2017年10月至2018年9月在河北医科大学第一医院接受治疗的259例恶性肿瘤患者进行人体成分检测、应用营养风险筛查2002和患者主观整体营养评估进行营养风险筛查和评估、同时收集患者血清ALB指标和住院时间。结果正常相位角组患者的BMI、ICW、FFM、SMM、BCM、蛋白质等均高于低相位角组(P<0.05);正常相位角组与低相位角组男性患者ICW、FFM、SMM、BCM、蛋白质等均高于女性患者(P<0.05);相位角与营养风险筛查2002评分(r=-0.346,P<0.05)、患者主观整体营养评估(r=-0.393,P<0.05)呈负相关,与血清ALB值呈正相关(r=0.363,P<0.05);与正常相位角组患者相比,低相位角组营养风险更高,计算相关风险比发现,按营养风险筛查2002评价营养不良分组,发现存在营养风险(OR=3.7,95%CI=1.8~7.7),按PG-SGA评估分组,结果显示中度风险(OR=4.5,95%CI=2.1~9.4),重度风险(OR=12.6,95%CI=5.1~31.3),按血清ALB值分组,ALB<40g/L(OR=3.7,95%CI=2.1~6.4)(P<0.05);与正常相位角组患者相比,低相位角组住院时间较长,住院时间≥14d(OR=1.9,95%CI=1.0~3.3)(P<0.05)。 结论低相位角与营养风险和住院时间密切相关。与正常相位角患者相比,低相位角患者存在营养风险高,住院时间延长。因此对肿瘤患者进行相位角测量有助于快速判断其是否存在营养风险,为及时进行营养干预的实施提供了客观依据,利于患者疾病控制与好转。  相似文献   
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