黔产红土茯苓药材质量标准初步研究

目的:建立黔产红土茯苓药材的质量标准。方法:对不同产地黔产红土茯苓药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别;参照《中国药典》2015年版四部通则方法对黔产红土茯苓药材水分、总灰分、浸出物进行测定。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离好,专属性强,无干扰;初步规定黔产红土茯苓药材水分不得过15.0%,总灰分不得过5.0%,水溶性浸出物含量不得少于8.0%。结论:该方法操作简便、结果可靠,能够为黔产红土茯苓药材质量评价提供一定的参考。     

构建开放式研究生培养模式 促进国际化创新型医学人才培养——基于“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”的分析探讨

随着医学模式的转变以及现代医学的快速发展,现代社会对医学人才培养提出了越来越高的标准.财政部、教育部设立的“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”作为我国开放式研究生培养体系的重要部分,有利于医学研究生丰富知识层面、培养科研能力、提高学术交流能力,已成为培养国际化创新型医学人才的有效途径.     

GSTA1基因多态性对环磷酰胺辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨GSTA1基因多态性与接受CTX类药物辅助化疗乳腺癌患者预后的关系.方法 对采用CTX类药物为主的方案进行辅助化疗的137例确诊乳腺癌患者(浸润性导管癌患者124例,浸润性小叶癌患者5例,其他类型癌症患者8例),用PCR-LDR检测其GSTA1基因多态性,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,log-rank法比较不同基因型组间生存差异,并用Cox比例风险回归模型进行预后影响因素的多因素分析.结果 137例乳腺癌患者中,GSTA1*A/*A、*A/*B和-B/*B基因型频率分别为67.2%(92/137)、31.4%(43/137)和1.5%(2/137).乳腺癌患者的GSTA1基因型频率在按年龄、临床分期、淋巴结转移、雌、孕激素受体状态等临床病理特征分组的分布差异均无统计学意义(x2值分别为0.722、1.967、3.303、0.226、0.709,P均＞0.05);经Fisher精确概率分析,肿瘤大小、病理组织类型、病理分级的差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).携带GSTA1-A/*A基因型和*A/*B或*B/-B基因型的乳腺癌患者复发率分别为47.8%(44/92)和31.1%(14/45),死亡率分别为22.8%(21/92)和17.8%(8/45).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和log-rank分析显示,携带GSTA1*A/*B+*B/*B基因型乳腺癌患者的无复发生存率和总生存率均高于携带GSTA1*A/*A基因型患者,且差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为18.723、7.352,P均＜0.01).经Cox多因素分析,GSTA1基因多态性是影响乳腺癌患者无复发生存[OR=0.222,95%CI:0.108～0.458,P＜0.01]和总生存[OR=0.362,95%CI:0.145～0.902,P＜0.05]的独立因素.结论 GSTA1基因多态性是乳腺癌患者CTX药物辅助化疗无复发生存和总生存的预测标志.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms in GSTA1 and the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients treated with cyclophosphamide-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods A total of 137 breast cancer patients receiving cyclophosphamide-based adjuvant chemotherapy were recruited ( 124 cases with infiltrative ductal carcinoma, 5 cases with infiltrative lobular carcinoma and 8 cases with other histological types). PCR-LDR method was used to detect the genotypes of GSTA1. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and verified by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Results Of the 137 breast cancer patients, the genotypic frequencies of the GSTA1 * A/* A,* A/* B and * B/* B were 67.2% ( 92/137 ), 31.4% ( 43/137 ) and 1.5% ( 2/137 ), respectively. No significant differences were found between the genotypic frequencies and groups categorization according to age, stage, lymph node metastasis, ER or PR status (x2 = 0. 722,1. 967, 3. 303, 0. 226 and 0. 709, all P ＞0. 05 ) ;through Fisher exact test, also no significant differences were found between the genotypic frequencies and group categorization according to tumor size, histological types and grading ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ) . The recurrence rates in patients with GSTA1 * A/* A and * A/* B or * B/* B genotypes were 47. 8% (44/92) and 31.1% ( 14/45 ), respectively, and the mortality rates were 22. 8% ( 21/92 ) and 17. 8% ( 8/45 ),respectively. Patients with GSTA1 * A/* B and * B/* B genotypes were significantly associated with reduced hazard of relapse (x2 =18.723, P＜0. 01)and mortality (x2 =7.352, P＜0.01), compared to cases with the common * A/* A genotypes, according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Moreover,Cox multivariate analysis showed that GSTA1 polymorphisms appeared to be an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival ( OR =0. 222, 95% CI:0. 108-0. 458, P ＜0. 01 ) and overall survival ( OR =0. 362,95% CI:0. 145-0. 902, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion These data indicate that GSTA1 polymorphism may be a potential prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer patients treated with cyclophosphamide-based adjuvant chemotherapy.     

儿童活动水平评定量表的中国城市常模

目的制定儿童活动水平评定量表 (WWPARS)中国城市常模 ,进行信度和效度检验。方法在全国城市中小学采集172 8例 (男 863例 ,女 865例 ) ,年龄 6～ 17岁 ,由家长填写WWPARS量表。结果年幼儿童较年长儿童得分高 ,男孩较女孩得分高。信度 :重测信度、分半信度、Cronbach的α系数及项目与总分的一致性良好。效度 :多动症组大多数项目分及总分均高于常模组 ;与PSQ的品行问题、多动指数和总分及家庭场合问卷有较好的平行效度。因子分析提取 6个因子与原量表一致 ;以ICD -10多动性障碍诊断标准作效标 ,WWPARS对多动症组的诊断灵敏度为 72 % ,诊断一致性为 0 .69。结论WWPARS常模具有代表性 ,信度和效度符合统计学要求 ,对活动过度行为有一定的辅助诊断价值     

家族性阿尔茨海默病早老素-1基因突变的研究

目的探讨中国人家族性阿尔茨海默病 (Fa milialAlzheimer'sdisease ,FAD)早老素 -1基因的点突变特点。方法采用PCR方法 ,对FAD一家族系中的 1例患者 ,4例散发性AD患者、9例多发性脑梗塞痴呆患者及 10名正常人的早老素-1基因外显子 2 ,3 ,4进行测序分析。结果在FAD患者早老素 -1基因外显子 465 19nt发现T→A杂合性点突变。散发性AD患者、9例多发性脑梗塞痴呆患者及正常人均未发现突变。结论中国人早发性、FAD可能与早老素 -1基因突变有关     

华北地区阴道毛滴虫同工酶分析

目的：研究我国华北地区（北京，河北唐山、河北承德）阴道毛滴虫4个分离株的同工酶类型。（2）方法：采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）与同工酶染色法进行分析。（3）结果：检测MDH，LDH，G6PD，PGM5种 同工酶。在G6PD，PGI酶谱中，4株完全相同，在MDH，LDH，PGM酶谱中，北京1株，北京1株与承德株，唐山株不同。（4）结论：承德株，唐山株与北京1株，北京2株大多数同工酶谱存在显性差异，说明华北地区阴道毛滴虫虫株可能至少存在2种不同的酶谱类型。     

菝葜中黄酮和芪类成分的研究

目的：为阐明百合科植物菝葜的有效成分，对其根茎进行了化学成分研究。方法：运用层析手段和波谱方法分离并鉴定了5个酚性化合物。结果：它们的结构为二氢山奈酚(dihydrokaempferol,1)，3，5，4′—三羟基芪(3，5，4′-trihydroxystilbene,2)，3，5，2′，4′—四羟基芪(3，5，2′，4′-tetrahydroxystilbene,3)，二氢山奈酚3—O-α—L—鼠李糖等(黄杞苷，dihydrokaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside,engletin,4)，槲皮素4′—0-β—D—葡萄糖等(quercetin4′—O-β—D—glucoside,5)。结论：5个化合物均为首次从菝葜中得到，其中化合物1，4，5为首次从菝葜属植物中得到。     

几种常用自陈主观幸福感量表在我国城市居民中的试用报告

本研究考察了几种常用自阵主观幸福感表在我国城市居民中的试用情况。表明，除情感平衡量表外，中国人幸福感量表，总体生活满意感量表和删改后夏普量表，对测量我国居民主观幸福感都有一定的实用或参考价值，但从根本上讲编订一套适用于我国居民的主观幸福感量表是很有必要的。     

Prostate-specific antigen and its derivatives in young adults occupationally exposed to quarry pollutants in southeastern Nigeria

To evaluate the level of total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and effect of duration of exposure to pollutants in quarry workers, 5 mls of blood sample was collected from participants: 72 male quarry workers exposed to quarry pollutants and 72 unexposed controls. PSA estimations were done using the principle of ELISA. Mean total PSA, free PSA, and free-total PSA ratio levels of quarry workers did not differ from those of controls and was below the cutoff for the risk of prostate diseases. Higher mean total PSA and free PSA were observed in workers exposed for > 3 years compared to the unexposed control and workers exposed for ≤ 3 years. Age-adjusted linear regression indicated significant association (R = 0.515; p < .001) between the duration of exposure and total PSA level in quarry workers. This study suggests that longer duration of exposure to the quarry pollutants may elevate PSA level if precautions are not taken to minimize dose of exposure.     

国产Fogarty气囊导管对犬腹主动脉壁损伤的超微结构观察

为探讨国产Fogany导管的气囊直径大小及导管通过血管腔次数多少与动脉管壁急性损伤的关系,本文以14条犬为对象,研究了当Fogany导管气囊直径分别等于血管直径的1、1.5及2倍、导管通过血管腔1、2及3次时,该导管对犬腹主动脉壁所致的超微结构损伤改变。结果显示:气囊直径愈大,导管通过血管腔次数愈多,气囊对动脉内膜及肌层的损伤愈重;从轻微的内皮细胞损伤至内皮及内皮下组织的全部剥脱,以及中膜层平滑肌细胞受损,但大多数损伤局限于内膜层。本研究为此种国产Fogany气囊导管应用于临床提供了实验依据。