Which gastric cancer patients could benefit from staging laparoscopy? A GIRCG multicenter cohort study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate which gastric cancer patients could benefit the most from staging laparoscopy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out, including 316 (216 cM- and 100 cM+) gastric cancer patients who had undergone staging laparoscopy between 2010 and 2020 in seven GIRCG centers. A model including easily-accessible clinical, biochemical and pathological markers was constructed to predict the risk of carcinomatosis. ROC curve and decision curve analyses were used to verify its accuracy and net benefit.ResultsIn the cM-population staging laparoscopy could detect 67 cases who had peritoneal carcinomatosis or positive cytology, for a yield of 30.5%. In cM-patients, intestinal type tumors (0.25, 0.12–0.51; p = 0.002), cT4 tumors (2.18, 1.11–4.28; p = 0.023) and cancers of the lower third (0.31, 0.14–0.70; p = 0.004) were associated with the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and/or positive cytology. The ROC curve analysis of the model including the three variables showed an AUC of 0.75 (0.68–0.81, p < 0.001). The decision curve analyses showed that the model had a higher net benefit than the treating all strategy between threshold probabilities of 15 and 50%.ConclusionsStaging laparoscopy is a useful tool to address the patient with gastric cancer to the most adequate treatment. In cM-patients the assessment of the location of the tumor, the Lauren's histotype and the cT status may help in providing additional elements in indicating or not the use of staging laparoscopy.     

Abdominal access techniques

This article discusses the variety of techniques available to gain safe exposure to intra-abdominal organs. In recent years there have been significant advances in these techniques with a move towards minimally invasive strategies as the gold standard of care. This article will discuss the various options available, including laparoscopy and traditional open access, as well as the use of robotics within abdominal surgery.     

腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果

目的探究腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果。方法选择2019年1月—2020年6月期间在医院接受腹腔镜肝切除术治疗的80例原发性肝癌患者作为实验分析对象,依据手术治疗方案的不同将患者分为腹腔镜常规肝切除组(对照组)40例和腹腔镜精准肝切除组(观察组)40例,对两组患者手术各项指标、手术前后肝功能指标改善情况及术后并发症发生率进行对比分析。结果观察组患者手术时间明显长于对照组,组间比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术中出血量及术中输血量均少于对照组患者,术后恢复时间明显短于对照组患者,组间比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后,两组患者ALT、AST、ALB及TBIL水平均显著降低,组内比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者ALT、AST、ALB及TBIL水平降低幅度显著大于对照组患者,组间比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率为10.00%,对照组患者术后并发症发生率为27.50%,组间比较进行χ2检验,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.021;P=0.045)。结论与腹腔镜常规肝切除术比较,腹腔镜精准肝切除术操作精细,手术时间相对较长,患者术中出血量更少,术后恢复时间更短,能够最大限度保护患者的肝脏,减低患者术后并发症发生率,提高手术治疗效果,改善患者预后。     

A case of diaphragmatic hernia incarceration after a heart transplant operation

We report a case of a diaphragmatic hernia after a heart transplant operation. A 43-year-old woman, who underwent orthotropic heart transplantation for hypertrophic cadiomyopathy two year earlier, presented with vomiting and epigastric pain. A computed tomography scan showed that the stomach and transverse colon were dislocated in the left thoracic cavity. We diagnosed left diaphragmatic hernia incarceration and performed laparoscopic repair of the diaphragmatic hernia. A 12 × 8 cm diaphragmatic defect was found intraoperatively on the ventrolateral aspect of the left diaphragm, and the stomach with volvulus had herniated into the thorax through the defect. The hernia was considered to be iatrogenic. The diaphragmatic defect was large, and the diaphragm was thinning. We closed the defect by mesh repair. Laparoscopic mesh repair of the diaphragmatic hernia could be performed safely and with minimal invasiveness.     

腹腔镜根治性切除治疗肝门部胆管癌15例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜根治性切除治疗肝门部胆管癌的可行性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2013年5月至2018年5月在川北医学院附属医院行根治性手术治疗并经病理学检查证实的15例肝门部胆管癌病人的临床资料，分析术中及术后情况，并随访观察。结果 15例肝门部胆管癌病人中13例行完全腹腔镜手术，2例病人中转开放手术。手术时间为（404.3±62.8）min，术中出血（502.0±133.8）mL，术后住院时间为（9.6±2.7）d，术后首次排气时间为（3.2±0.8）d。术后淋巴结检出数目为（9.5±2.6）枚，1例发现N2淋巴结转移。术后发生胆漏1例，大量腹腔积液1例，切口脂肪液化1例，均经保守治疗后好转出院。所有病人均获得随访，截至2018年5月，随访时间为6～60个月，死亡4例。结论 通过术前充分评估及术中探查制定相应手术策略，并且在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下，由具备丰富腹腔镜手术经验的医生主持操作，腹腔镜技术应用于肝门部胆管癌病人相对安全、可行。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床效果差异。方法:回顾性分析陕西省人民医院2013年10月至2018年3月114例确诊为子宫内膜癌并以腹腔镜治疗的患者为研究对象（腹腔镜组），以同期62例开腹手术治疗的子宫内膜癌病例为对照组，两组在手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫个数、术后膀胱功能恢复时间、排气时间、体温恢复时间、住院时间及并发症等各方面指标进行比较。结果:腹腔镜组术中失血量、输血率、术后体温恢复时间、肠道功能恢复时间、膀胱功能恢复时间、术后住院天数及手术并发症发生率显著低于开腹组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组在手术时间、术中清扫淋巴结数目、复发率及总生存率差异无统计学意义。结论:与传统方法相比，腹腔镜手术短期效果良好，生存率相当，在具备丰富的腹腔镜手术经验、完善的腹腔镜设备的条件下，可以广泛应用于子宫内膜癌患者的治疗。     

快速康复护理在腹腔镜下全子宫切除中的应用

目的探讨在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中应用快速康复护理措施对患者围手术期指标和患者并发症的影响。方法将在本院行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的70例患者随机分为两组,各35例,对照组35例给予常规护理,观察组35例给予快速康复护理,对比两组围手术期相关指标、手术前后VAS评分、并发症发生情况以及患者护理满意度。结果观察组胃肠蠕动时间[(9.32±1.67)h]、肛门排气时间[(4.67±1.37)h]、下床活动时间[(6.69±1.24)h]、术后进食时间[(6.21±0.55)h]和住院时间[(4.25±1.20)d]均显著短于对照组的[(12.87±2.08)h]、[(7.28±1.13)h]、[(9.75±3.29)h][(9.33±0.61)h]、[(7.25±1.38)d],P<0.05;观察组术后1 d和术后3 d的VAS评分分别为(4.01±1.28)分、(1.23±0.35)分,显著低于对照组的(6.80±1.32)分、(2.62±0.41)分,P<0.05;观察组和对照组术后并发症发生率(2.86%vs 17.14%)和患者护理满意度(97.14%vs.80.00%)比较,观察组均显著优于对照组P<0.05。结论对于行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的患者,给予快速康复护理模式可促进患者早期康复,减少术后疼痛程度,降低术后并发症发生率。     

一项基于单中心腹腔镜前列腺癌手术难度的多重影响因素分析

目的寻找有效的围术期相关术前数据预测前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的手术难度和风险。方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2017年4月接受腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术的125例前列腺癌患者的围术期资料,分为3组:A组为早期进行的48例腹膜外前列腺癌根治术患者、B组为后期进行的48例腹膜外前列腺癌根治术患者、C组为29例经腹腔前列腺癌根治术患者。将3组中符合体质指数≥25、前列腺体积≥30 mL、术前PSA水平≥10 ng/mL、有中叶突出这4个条件中的3~4个的患者划为高危组,0~2个的患者划为低危组。分别在A、B、C 3组患者中比较高危组与低危组之间在手术切缘阳性率、手术时长及术中出血量等可以直观体现手术难度数据上的差异。结果A、B、C 3组中,高危组的手术切缘阳性率、手术时长及术中出血量均显著高于低危组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体质指数、前列腺体积、术前PSA水平、中叶突出4个因素与手术难度密切相关,术前准确识别影响因素的数目和程度,有助于外科医师预断手术难度。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治或2D、3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨观察腹腔镜胃癌根治或2D、3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:选择本院2017年2月~2018年11月收治的60例胃癌患者且将其随机分成对照组与研究组,每组各30例。对照组30例行2D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,研究组30例行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,对比观察临床疗效。结果:(1)比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,研究组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)统计显示,研究组并发症发生率与对照组并无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治术是治疗胃癌的有效术式,相比2D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的优势更明显。