营养教育咨询降低质子重离子治疗期间显著体重下降率

目的探讨以指南为依据的肿瘤放疗患者营养教育咨询方案，在降低质子重离子治疗期间显著体重下降发生率方面 的有效性。方法以质子重离子治疗期间的肿瘤放疗患者为研究对象，采用历史对照研究设计，方案实施前以2016年1月至12月 收治的患者为对照组，方案实施后以2018年1月至8月收治的患者为试验组。对照组在方案实施前仍实行原有的常规护理，试验 组给予以指南为依据的营养教育咨询方案。结果本研究共纳入713例肿瘤患者，其中对照组374例，试验组339例，两组平均年 龄为54岁和53岁，45%和49%为头颈部肿瘤患者。放疗期间对照组平均体重下降0.51 kg，平均体重丢失0.75%，显著体重下降 发生率为11.2%（42例）；试验组体重下降0.66 kg，平均体重丢失0.90%，显著体重下降发生率为9.4%（32例）。在控制放疗总剂量、 射线类型、肿瘤部位、同期化疗和性别的混杂因素影响后，试验组显著体重下降的风险下降了34%（OR=0.66，95%CI=0.48~0.91）。 结论以指南为依据的肿瘤放疗患者营养教咨询方案能够帮助改善质子重离子治疗期间的患者营养状态，有效降低显著体重下 降的风险。     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定市售薏苡仁中5种重金属有害元素的含量

目的基于微波消解ICP-MS法对国内市售薏苡仁药材中5种重金属元素含量的测定,建立控制薏苡仁药材重金属的限量检测方法。方法通过微波消解进行样品处理电感耦合等离子质谱法,测定60批市售薏苡仁药材中As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb的含量。结果薏苡仁中重金属平均含有量As为0.0139 mg/kg、Cd为0.0038 mg/kg、Cu为4.0909 mg/kg、Hg为0.0015 mg/kg、Pb为0.1019 mg/kg、总量为4.2119 mg/kg。市售薏苡仁药材中Cu和Pb的含有量差别最大,且Cu的含有量最高,As、Cd、Hg的含有量差别不大,且含量普遍较低;国内市售的60批薏苡仁药材中5种重金属元素和重金属总量均符合现行标准。结论国内市售薏苡仁药材中重金属含量普遍合格;微波消解ICP-MS法测定方法简便、快速、准确,可用于中药材中这5种重金属元素的含量测定。     

Blood lead level and Helicobacter pylori infection in a healthy population: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether elevated blood lead level (BLL) is a risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on 2,625 subjects who visited a university hospital for general health examination. H. pylori infection was detected using histologic examination with Giemsa staining, and BLLs were measured. The mean BLL was 2.83?±?1.31?μg/dL. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 27.8%. The BLL was significantly higher in the H. pylori infection-positive group compared to the non-infected group (2.96?±?1.33?μg/dL vs. 2.78?±?1.30?μg/dL, p?<?0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for other confounders. H. pylori infection significantly increased as the BLL increased (OR: 1.143, 95% CI 1.068–1.223). We found a relationship between BLL elevation and H. pylori infection rate.     

Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 by an ADCC enhanced anti-B7-H3/PD-1 fusion protein engages immune activation and cytotoxicity

Antibody therapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 blocking or ADCC effector has produced significant clinical benefit for cancer patients. We generated a novel anti-B7-H3 antibody (07B) and engineered the Fc fragment to enhance ADCC. To improve efficacy and tumor selectivity, we developed anti-B7-H3/PD-1 bispecific fusion proteins that simultaneously engaged tumor associate marker B7-H3 and immune suppressing ligand PD-L1 as well as enhanced ADCC to promote potent and highly selective tumor killing. Fusion proteins were designed by fusing human PD-1 extra domain to 07B in four different formats and showed good binding capacity to both targets. Indeed, the affinity of fusion proteins to B7-H3 is over 10,000 fold higher compared to that of the analogous PD-L1 and the blocking of fusion proteins to PD-L1 was worse but it greatly enhanced when bound to B7-H3, thus achieving directly PD-L1-blockade to B7-H3-expressing tumor cells. Importantly, IL-2 production was enhanced by fusion proteins from staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) stimulated PBMC. Similarly, cytokines induced by fusion proteins was enhanced when co-cultured with stimulated CD8⁺ T cells and B7-H3/PD-L1 transfected raji cells. Additionally, fusion proteins improved activation to CD16a by Fc modification and delivered selective cytotoxicity to B7-H3 expressing tumor cells. In conclusion, fusion proteins blocked the PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway and significantly increased potency of ADCC in a B7-H3-directed manner, thereby selectively activating CD8⁺ T cells and enhancing natural killing towards tumor. This novel fusion protein with its unique targeting preference may be useful to enhance efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for B7-H3-overexpressing malignancies.