间歇性禁食法在糖尿病前期及糖尿病病人中的应用进展

对间歇性禁食法的概念、方法及形式、历史发展以及在糖尿病前期及糖尿病病人中的应用效果等进行介绍,阐述间歇性禁食法研究现状,总结间歇性禁食法对糖尿病前期和糖尿病病人的有益影响。     

短期非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后的颈椎活动度

[目的]探讨短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后颈椎活动功能。[方法]2012年2月~2017年12月,选取枢椎齿状突II型骨折后接受后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,并二次手术取出内固定物的患者32例。对比患者自身前后两次手术后颈椎过伸过屈、左右旋转角度,同时参考正常人群颈椎活动度进行比较。[结果]32例患者均顺利完成C1/2椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,经影像学确认内固定位置良好,无血管、神经损伤等并发症的发生。于初次内固定术后4~15个月,平均(9.55±2.72)个月,32例患者再次入院行内固定取出术。取内固定术后平均随访(16.41±4.25)个月。末次随访时32例患者前屈、后伸、左旋转和右旋转ROM均显著大于取内固定之前角度(P<0.05),但仍显著不及正常人。[结论]短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折,可有效保留颈椎活动功能,值得临床推广应用。     

Nutraceuticals use and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated metabolic disease and has become one of the significant medical problems worldwide. Researchers aim to provide fine-tuned treatment for T2DM with minimal exposed side effects. Nutraceuticals are compounds or materials and emerging evidence suggests that the use of nutraceuticals has recently been recognized as a promising option for the prevention and management of T2DM, such as probiotics and prebiotics, Vitamin D, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Plant-derived nutraceuticals. This review attempts to show the most popular nutraceuticals and review their effects and possible mechanisms in the prevention or glycemic control of T2DM.     

Very fast-progressive pulmonary opacities and high inflammatory factors levels are associated with decease of young Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients

We aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of young adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia who were critically ill and to identify the features associated with non-survival.Thirty-eight COVID-19 patients (20–45 years old, 28 men) who had been admitted in the intensive care unit were included, including 18 non-survivors (group 1) and 20 survivors (group 2). Their clinical characteristics and initial and follow-up CT were compared between groups.In group 1, the days from illness onset to death were 21.1 ± 10.3 days; 7 patients had underlying comorbidities. At admission, group 1 exhibited higher serum ferritin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (1142.6 ± 242.4 mg/L and 33.8 ± 18.6 mmol/L) compared with group 2 (728.3 ± 150.9 mg/L and 15.2 ± 6.9 mmol/L, P < .01). Group 1 exhibited more rapidly progressive opacities and consolidation in follow-up CT (16.7 ± 3.1 scores, 15.7 ± 3.1 segments) than group 2 (11.4 ± 4.0 scores, 10.3 ± 4.6 segments, P < .01). The oxygenation index was lower (87.6 ± 19.2 vs 99.1 ± 20.4 mm Hg) and the mechanical ventilation duration was longer (14.7 ± 6.9 vs 9.7 ± 3.7 days) in group 1 compare with group 2 (P < .01).Compared with the survivors, the non-survivors showed higher serum ferritin and IL-6 levels, more rapidly progressive opacities in CT, lower oxygenation index, and longer mechanical ventilation durations. Special attention to ferritin/IL-6 levels and oxygenation index as well as early CT application and timely reexaminations are important to identify the individuals who may be at risk of becoming critically ill.     

缩短禁食禁饮时间对妊娠期糖尿病剖宫产产妇分娩结局的影响

目的探讨缩短禁食禁饮时间对妊娠期糖尿病产妇剖宫产结局的影响。方法按时间段将100例妊娠期糖尿病剖宫产产妇分为两组各50例。对照组术前禁食8 h,禁饮6 h;观察组术前禁食6 h,禁饮2 h。结果观察组术前空腹血糖水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01);观察组产妇术中出血量、肛门排气时间少于和短于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01);观察组新生儿出生后血糖值高于对照组、低血糖发生率低于对照组(均P 0. 05);观察组术前口渴、饥饿、焦虑程度显著轻于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。结论术前禁食6 h、禁饮2 h应用于妊娠期糖尿病剖宫产产妇可稳定其血糖水平,降低产妇术前低血糖及新生儿低血糖发生率,提高产妇舒适度,促进术后身体恢复。