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1.
BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasingly prevalent in North American society. The significant societal burden it represents makes it essential to promote and target new treatments in earlier phases of the disease. Among others, subchondroplasty is a newly documented technique using calcium phosphate injection targeting the osteochondral lesions preceding KOA, also known as Bone Marrow Lesions (BMLs). This article aimed to review the existing literature on clinical and radiological outcomes of subchondroplasty in the treatment of BMLs in KOA.MethodA systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies on calcium phosphate injections into BMLs for KOA and its clinical and radiological outcomes were screened and reviewed by independent evaluators.ResultsAfter screening, ten articles were included, totaling 540 patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 7 years. Overall, the procedure showed significant functional and quality of life improvement, as well as pain relief, as shown by Patients-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs). There were very few complications reported, the most important being leakage of calcium phosphate outside the targeted site. Conversion rate to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranged from 14 % to 30 % at 2 years post-procedure. Long term radiological outcomes have been poorly documented.ConclusionsSubchondroplasty is a promising avenue for the treatment of KOA. However, quality evidence is still required before any real conclusions and practical management guidelines can be drawn. Prospective, randomized studies with a control group and a rigorous assessment of long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are recommended.  相似文献   
2.
目的 评估RAS相关区域家族1A(RASSF1A)联合矮小同源盒基因2(SHOX2)基因甲基化检测和快速现场细胞学评价(C-ROSE)对肺癌的诊断价值。方法 选取行RASSF1A和SHOX2甲基化检测并有明确病理诊断的179例可疑肺癌患者,其中肺癌58例,肺良性病变121例。179例中114例(肺癌45例,肺良性病变69例)通过迪夫快速染色完成C-ROSE检测。以病理结果为金标准,分析RASSF1A、SHOX2甲基化和(或)C-ROSE诊断肺癌的敏感度及特异度,同时明确不同标本类型和不同肿瘤类型中RASSF1A和SHOX2甲基化的结果与病理诊断的一致性。结果 RASSF1A联合SHOX2甲基化检测的敏感度为77.59%(45/58),特异度为80.17%(97/121)。亚组分析中,肺穿刺活检及肺泡灌洗液标本中甲基化与病理诊断一致率较好,分别为88.8%(8/9)、79.75%(126/158),而胸水的一致率稍差,为63.64%(7/11)。小细胞肺癌和鳞癌甲基化检测准确率分别为100%(5/5)、92.31%(12/13),肺腺癌为66.67%(18/27)。C-ROSE检测的敏感度为75.56%(34/45),特异度为95.65%(66/69)。甲基化检测联合C-ROSE的敏感度为86.96%(39/45),特异度为86.67%(60/69)。结论 RASSF1A、SHOX2甲基化检测及C-ROSE用于肺癌的诊断均具有较高的敏感度和特异度,两者结合将成为病理学诊断的有效的补充手段,两者结合有助于进一步提高诊断肺癌的效能。  相似文献   
3.
In forensic medicine, although various alcohols have been reported as indicators of decomposition in collected blood, no studies have examined short-chain fatty acids as indicators. In this study, the blood n-butyric acid concentration was quantified, and the association between n-butyric acid and decomposition was investigated to determine whether the detection of n-butyric acid could be a new indicator of decomposition. Among the forensic autopsies performed from 2016 to 2018 in our laboratory, the cases were divided into decomposed (n = 20) and non-decomposed (n = 20) groups based on macroscopic findings. Blood samples collected at the time of autopsy were derivatized with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride after solid-phase extraction. The n-butyric acid concentration was measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, ethanol and n-propanol were measured using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the concentrations of n-butyric acid between the decomposed and non-decomposed groups (0.343 ± 0.259 [0.030–0.973] and 0.003 ± 0.002 [0.001–0.007] mg/mL, respectively). In the decomposed group, n-butyric acid was detected at high concentrations, even in cases where n-propanol was low. These results suggest that n-butyric acid is more likely to be an indicator of blood decomposition than n-propanol.  相似文献   
4.
目的 调查成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的人格特征及生活质量,了解该患病群体的心理健康情况。方法 采用明尼苏达多项人格测量表(Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory,MMPI)和简明健康状况调查表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)分别对98例成人OSAHS患者及100例单纯鼾症志愿者进行问卷调查,评价OSAHS患者的人格特征及生活质量情况并进行对照性研究。结果 在MMPI调查中,OSAHS患者在抑郁、疑病、精神衰弱、情绪不稳定、精神分裂临床量表T分高于单纯鼾症组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中OSAHS组中女性患者的抑郁、疑病、精神衰弱、情绪不稳定、精神分裂、社会内向临床量表T分高于男性患者,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。在SF-36调查中,OSAHS患者在生理职能、一般健康状况、躯体疼痛、精力、社会功能、情感功能、精神健康7个维度的平均评分低于单纯鼾症组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论  OSAHS患者有较多的心理健康问题,表现更多的易疲劳、注意缺陷,生活质量更低,OSAHS病情越重,心理健康问题越大,女性患者尤重。  相似文献   
5.
The Ion Torrent ™ Genexus ™ Sequencer (Genexus) is a highly integrated instrument that can automate library construction, templating, and sequencing in a single-instrument run. By programing the ForeNGS Analysis Software (FNAS), we bridged the gap between sequencing and genotyping without manual intervention. FNAS can automatically transfer sequencing output files from Genexus, analyze the repeat and flanking regions aligned to the GRCh38 assembly, name the alleles according to the ISFG guidelines, and generate user-friendly interactive profiles. Genexus and FNAS can accomplish the fully automatic DNA-to-Profile workflow in forensics. Based on our experiences, the optimal assay parameters on Genexus were validated as follows: 24 cycles of target amplification for library construction; 40 μL of library and 400 bp of template size for templating; 852 flows of dNTPs by order of Ion samba HID2 for sequencing; and 750,000 reads per sample at minimum for 16 samples multiplexed on a lane. By developmental validations of the Precision ID Globalfiler ™ NGS STR Panel v2, Genexus presented competitive performance at the optimal assay parameters qualified to detect commonly used forensic STR markers. It could produce repeatable and reproducible results, and human profiles could be easily separated from nonhuman profiles. Additionally, Genexus was sensitive enough to detect samples with 100 pg of input DNA, and it was suitable for various types of case samples, especially for low copy number samples and degraded samples. Moreover, minor contributors could be detected between the 4:1 and 1:4 mixtures with an analysis threshold of 50 × . The Genexus workflow is a robust and labor-effective solution enabling forensic scientists to obtain NGS-STR profiles within a single day and with only the need to prepare DNA extracts, then set up Genexus, and finally interpret profiles on FNAS.  相似文献   
6.
7.
目的 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定SD大鼠血浆中N-[(3-烯丙基-2-羟基)苯亚甲基]-2-(4-苄基-高哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼富马酸盐(SM-1),并计算大鼠重复ig给药的药动学参数,评价SM-1的药动学特征。方法 将60只健康SPF级SD大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、溶媒对照组和SM-1低、中、高剂量组,每组16只动物(阴性对照组和溶媒对照组为6只动物),雌雄各半。每天ig给药1次,各组分别给予水、溶媒或SM-1 50、100、200 mg·kg-1,给药体积10 mL·kg-1,连续给药4周,于首次给药和末次给药阶段进行药动学采血测定。采用经验证的HPLC-MS/MS法测定SD大鼠血浆中SM-1浓度。使用Phoenix WinNonlin 7.0软件进行血药浓度-时间数据分析与药动学参数计算。结果 SD大鼠ig给予SM-1后,在50~200 mg·kg-1剂量,SD大鼠体内的平均峰浓度(Cmax)及药时曲线下面积(AUC0~t)随剂量的增加而增加,各剂量组动物平均Cmax及AUC0~t比值与剂量比相近。连续给药后,低、中、高剂量组均未出现明显的蓄积。雌性大鼠SM-1的暴露高于雄性大鼠。结论 连续给药28 d后,SM-1在大鼠体内未出现明显的蓄积,雌性大鼠SM-1的暴露高于雄性大鼠。  相似文献   
8.
目的:探讨益气养阴解毒方联合环磷腺苷葡胺注射液对病毒性心肌炎患者心功能及外周血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平的影响。方法:将70例病毒性心肌炎患者按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。两组患者均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予环磷腺苷葡胺注射液静脉滴注,观察组在对照组的基础上联合益气养阴解毒方治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后左室短轴缩短分数(left ventricular shortening fraction,LVFS)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)、TNF-α、TGF-β1和IFN-γ水平。结果:观察组有效率为88.57%,对照组有效率为68.57%,两组患者有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后LVEF、LVFS高于本组治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后TGF-β1、TNF-α水平低于治疗前比较,IFN-γ高于治疗前,且观察组TGF-β1、TNF-α低于对照组,IFN-γ高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:益气养阴解毒方联合环磷腺苷葡胺注射液治疗病毒性心肌炎疗效更显著,可减轻机体的炎症反应,恢复患者心功能。  相似文献   
9.
The gut microbiota and the bile acid pool play pivotal roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Bile acids are produced in the liver from cholesterol and metabolized in the intestine by the gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis has been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer. However, the interplay between bile acid metabolism and the gut microbiota during intestinal carcinogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential roles of bile acids and the gut microbiota in the cholic acid (CA; a primary bile acid)‐induced intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence. Apc min/+ mice, which spontaneously develop intestinal adenomas, were fed a diet supplemented with 0.4% CA for 12 weeks. Mice that were fed a normal diet were regarded as untreated controls. In CA‐treated Apc min/+ mice, the composition of the gut microbiota was significantly altered, and CA was efficiently transformed into deoxycholic acid (a secondary bile acid) by the bacterial 7α‐dehydroxylation reaction. The intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence was observed in CA‐treated Apc min/+ mice and was accompanied by an impaired intestinal barrier function and IL‐6/STAT3‐related low‐grade inflammation. More importantly, microbiota depletion using an antibiotic cocktail globally compromised CA‐induced intestinal carcinogenesis, suggesting a leading role for the microbiota during this process. Overall, our data suggested that the crosstalk between bile acids and the gut microbiota mediated intestinal carcinogenesis, which might provide novel therapeutic strategies against intestinal tumor development.  相似文献   
10.
Background: We determined qualitative and quantitative serum unconjugated bile acid (SUBA) levels among children with history of intestinal failure (IF) and suspected small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO). Methods: This was a single‐center, case‐control pilot study conducted at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Children with history of IF and suspected SBBO were enrolled as subjects. Age‐matched children without IF or suspected SBBO served as controls. All participants underwent small bowel fluid sampling for microbial culture analysis. Additionally, serum fractionated and total bile acids were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry at enrollment and following treatment for SBBO. Results: SUBA concentrations were elevated in IF subjects (median 1.16 μM, range 0.43–10.65 μM) compared with controls (median 0.10 μM, range 0.05–0.18 μM, P = 0.001). Among SUBA, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was significantly elevated in subjects (median 0.8 μM, range 0–7.08 μM) compared with controls (median 0 μM, range 0–0.03 μM, P = 0.012). When controls were excluded from analysis, IF subjects with positive aspirates for SBBO demonstrated higher concentration of CDCA (median 7.36 μM, range 1.1–8.28 μM) compared with IF subjects with negative aspirates (median 0.18 μM, range 0–1.06 μM, P = 0.017). Treatment for SBBO did not alter SUBA concentration. Conclusions: SUBA concentrations are elevated in children with history of IF and presumed SBBO compared with non‐IF controls. CDCA was more prevalent in IF subjects with positive aspirates for SBBO compared with IF subjects with negative aspirates. The determination of SUBA concentration may be a useful surrogate to small bowel fluid aspiration in the diagnosis of SBBO in children with history of IF.  相似文献   
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