陶瓷不同界面处理后体积丧失和形态学变化的研究

目的 研究陶瓷不同界面处理后，陶瓷的体积丧失量及界面结构的变化。方法 用喷砂和酸蚀方法处理Vita Mark Ⅱ和氧化铝玻璃渗透陶瓷表面，计算体积丧失量，并用电镜观察处理界面的变化。结果 喷砂对氧化铝玻璃渗透陶瓷表面结构改变大，氧化铝玻璃渗透陶瓷体积丧失量小于Vita Mark Ⅱ。结论 喷砂对氧化铝玻璃渗透陶瓷界面的处理，有利于提高粘结强度。喷砂条件掌握好，不会影响边缘适合性，而对于Vita Mark Ⅱ应避免用喷砂处理。     

粗化处理对新型骨植入钛合金的生物相容性影响

目的研究国内新研制的骨植入钛合金TZS进行喷砂并酸蚀处理对成骨细胞生物学行为的影响。方法采用SD大鼠体外原代培养方法培养成骨细胞，并将细胞分别接种于新型钛合金（ 光滑表面）及表面处理的材料表面，建立体外共同培养模型。采用MTT比色法检测第3天成骨细胞的增殖率，扫描电镜（ SEM）观察细胞形态学变化，培养第5天进行细胞碱性磷酸酶功能活性检测。结果喷砂与酸蚀处理组表面的成骨细胞，在3 d时的细胞增殖率与光滑组比较有统计学差异（ P<0.05）；5 d时的处理组碱性磷酸酶活性检测值与光滑组比较无统计学差异（ P>0.05）；SEM观察成骨细胞在喷砂与酸蚀组表面具有典型形态特征，伸展良好，具有丰富的板状、丝状伪足，优于光滑组。结论喷砂并酸蚀处理的新型钛合金在体外实验表现为不同程度的促进成骨细胞增殖及功能活性表达。     

Evaluation of surface roughness and bond strength of quartz fiber posts after various pre-treatments

Purpose. Debonding at the post-adhesive interface is a major problem for quartz fiber posts. The objective of this study was to evaluate surface roughness and bond strength of quartz fiber posts after various surface treatments. Materials and methods. Sixty-six quartz fiber posts were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 11) including group C, untreated (control); group SB, sandblasted; group SC, silica coated; group HF, hydrofluoric acid-etched; group N, Nd:YAG laser irradiated; group E, Er:YAG laser irradiated. Surface roughness of the posts was measured before and after pre-treatment. They were then bonded to resin cement and tensile bond strength was determined in a universal testing machine. Furthermore, two-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison tests (α = 0.05) were performed on all data. Results. The highest mean force value was observed in group SB and followed by group E. Tukey’s HSD test showed that there was no statistical difference between group SB and group E (p = 0.673). The highest mean roughness value was observed in group SB and a significant difference was found between group SB and all other groups (p < 0.001). This study reveals that sandblasting and Er:YAG laser irradiation provided a significant increase in bond strength between quartz fiber posts and resin cement. Conclusions. Sandblasting or Er:YAG laser-irradiation of the surface of the quartz fiber post before cementation is recommended for increasing retention.     

不同表面处理方法对氧化锆陶瓷微观结构和粘接强度影响的研究

目的 研究不同机械-化学性表面处理对氧化锆陶瓷表面微观形貌、结构及组成的影响,比较不同表面改性后的氧化锆陶瓷与人牙本质的粘接强度。方法 选择氧化锆陶瓷（IPS e.max ZirCAD）,切割并烧结形成长6 mm、宽6 mm、高5 mm瓷块126块,随机分为7组,每组18块,分别进行如下处理。A组：不处理,对照组;B组：50 μm氧化铝喷砂;C组：50 μm氧化铝喷砂+30 μm二氧化硅蚀刻;D组：50 μm氧化铝喷砂+30%硅溶胶涂层;E组：110 μm氧化铝喷砂;F组：110 μm氧化铝喷砂+30 μm二氧化硅蚀刻;G组：110 μm氧化铝喷砂+30%硅溶胶涂层。每组随机抽取2个试件,分别用表面粗糙度轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度（R_a）,X射线衍射（XRD）观察表面晶相结构,能谱分析仪（EDX）分析表面化学元素组成,扫描电镜（SEM）观察表面微观形貌。收集70颗人离体第三磨牙制备成牙本质平面。使用双固化树脂水门汀将氧化锆试件与牙本质平面粘接,万能试验机进行剪切粘接强度（SBS）测试。采用SPSS 17.0软件对结果进行单因素方差分析及多重检验。结果 与对照组相比,表面处理后的氧化锆陶瓷R_a具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。所有表面处理后都发生了四方相（t）到单斜相（m）的晶相转换,且热处理后的m相体积分数最多。表面改性后化学元素组成发生变化,EDX结果显示硅涂层后,硅元素含量显著升高,Zr、Y、Hf减少。SEM图像显示,氧化铝喷砂后的氧化锆陶瓷表面出现一些微小断裂、晶界消失;硅溶胶薄膜烧结后体积明显收缩,可见裂纹与剥离。不同表面处理组的粘接强度有统计学差异（P<0.05）,F和G组SBS值最大,其次为C和D组,显著大于B和E组（P<0.05）,对照组的SBS值最小（P<0.05）。结论 氧化铝喷砂、硅粉蚀刻、硅溶胶涂层法可显著改变氧化锆陶瓷的表面形貌、结构和组成,有利于氧化锆陶瓷与牙体组织粘接时形成微机械嵌合与化学结合作用。氧化铝喷砂后硅涂层处理是一种比较理想的表面改性方法,可显著提高氧化锆陶瓷与牙体组织的粘接强度。     

清热消炎固齿缓释剂联合龈下喷砂治疗种植体周围炎的临床疗效评价

目的：探讨中药清热消炎固齿缓释剂联合龈下喷砂治疗种植体周围炎的临床疗效,阐明其治疗种植体周围炎的作用机制。方法：选择72例种植体周围炎患者并按照就诊顺序分为对照组和中药组,每组36例。2组患者均由第一位医生进行牙周基础治疗,对照组患者进行龈上洁治及龈下喷砂治疗,中药组患者进行龈上洁治、龈下刮治及龈下喷砂治疗;由第二位医生对2组患者种植体牙周袋进行冲洗和置放药物,中药组使用0.9%氯化钠注射液冲洗后将中药清热消炎固齿缓释剂留置种植体周围袋,对照组使用3%过氧化氢+0.9%氯化钠注射液对受试牙位种植体周围袋进行冲洗;第三位医生分别于治疗前、治疗1个疗程（4周为1个疗程）后记录2组患者受试牙位牙周指数[改良菌斑指数（mPLI）、牙周袋深度（PPD）和改良龈沟出血指数（mSBI）],检测2组患者种植体龈沟液（PISF）质量和PISF中白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）水平。结果：治疗前2组患者受试牙位的PPD、mSBI、mPLI、PISF质量和PISF中IL-1β水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与治疗前比较,2组患者在不同治疗方式干预后,mPLI、PPD和mSBI均降低（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,中药组患者治疗后mSBI、mPLI和PPD明显降低（P<0.05）,PISF质量和PISF中IL-1β水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：与传统机械治疗联合过氧化氢及生理盐水冲洗比较,采用中药清热消炎固齿缓释剂联合龈下喷砂治疗种植体周围炎,患者PPD、mSBI和mPLI明显降低,PISF质量和PISF中IL-1β水平明显下降,临床症状得到改善,临床疗效更佳。     

Titanium hydride and hydrogen concentration in acid‐etched commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implants: a comparative analysis of five implant systems

Objectives: Acid etching is a popular method to texture the surface of dental implants. During etching, the titanium oxide protective layer is dissolved and small native hydrogen ions diffuse into the unprotected implant surface. They enrich the implant surface with hydrogen and precipitate into titanium hydride (TiH). The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of TiH at the implant surface and the total concentration of Hydrogen at five commercially available implant systems, made of either commercially pure (cp) titanium or titanium alloy. Material and methods: X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted on each implant system to determine the compounds present at the implant surface. Following a TiH₂/Ti calibration curve, the concentration of TiH was determined. Concentration of hydrogen in the implants was measured by the inert gas fusion thermal conductivity/infrared detection method. Results: XRD data showed that TiH was present on all cp titanium implants but not on the alloyed implants. TiH concentration varied between 5% and 37%. Hydrogen concentration varied between 43 and 108 ppm, no difference in uptake was found between the cp titanium and alloyed implants. Low solubility of hydrogen in α‐titanium is responsible for precipitation into TiH. Stronger etching conditions led to higher concentration of TiH2‐x. Conclusion: High solubility of hydrogen in the β‐phase of the alloy is preventing hydrogen from precipitating into TiH. All implants, even those lacking TiH at the surface, were enriched with hydrogen. In all implants, hydrogen concentration was within the normative limit of 130 ppm. To cite this article:
Szmukler‐Moncler S, Bischof M, Nedir R, Ermrich M. Titanium hydride and hydrogen concentration in acid‐etched commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implants: a comparative analysis of five implant systems.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 944–950.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01938.x     

不同表面处理对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷粗糙度及形态学的影响

目的：探讨不同表面处理对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的表面微观形态以及粗糙度的影响。方法：制作相同规格的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷片（12 mm× 15 mm× 2 mm）,经过厂家推荐的烧结程序完全烧结、常规表面抛光处理后分为对照、喷砂和氢氟酸3组,样本经过表面处理后以表面轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度,并以场发射扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）观察表面微观形态。结果：SEM观察显示,抛光陶瓷表面相对平整光滑,而氢氟酸处理后,陶瓷表面基质溶解,暴露出二硅酸锂晶体且相互交叉排列,氧化铝喷砂后陶瓷表面可见不规则浅凹状结构;表面轮廓仪测量结果表明喷砂及酸蚀处理后陶瓷表面粗糙度显著增加（P < 0.05）。结论：氧化铝喷砂、氢氟酸酸蚀可以显著增加二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的表面粗糙度。     

抛光对牙齿表面色素再沉着的影响

目的：观察超声洁治及喷砂法去除色素后，牙齿表面抛光对牙外源性色素再沉着的影响。方法：用红茶和洗必泰液作为外源性着色液，以超声洁治和喷砂法去除32颗牙齿色素后，随机分为抛光组和对照组并浸入外源性着色液，记录实验前后牙齿表面白色度值，比较抛光对牙齿表面着色的影响。结果：经抛光处理后，牙齿表面的外源性色素附着明显减少，抛光组的白色度值明显低于对照组。结论：抛光牙齿表面，可以明显减少外源性色素的再附着。     

光固化复合树脂修补方法的比较研究

本研究评价了喷砂、氢氟酸(HF)、氢氟酸处理后涂KH-570乙醇液等方法时国产GD光固化复合树脂以及进口VIVADENT复合树脂的修补效果.结果表明:9.6%HF处理国产树脂、喷砂处理进口树脂均获得最大的修补强度,HF KH-570处理方法虽为每种材料中之最小者,但与其它修补方法间无显著性差异.