母亲龋易感性与婴儿口腔微生物多样性关系的纵向探究

目的通过检查有龋及无龋母亲的口腔卫生状况,并通过随访收集其婴儿1个月(1月龄)及6个月(6月龄)的唾液样本测序分析,观察母亲患龋情况对其婴儿口腔微生物多样性的影响。方法通过筛查收集1月龄婴儿的唾液样本;于首次采样时记录母亲的口腔卫生状况,根据母亲患龋情况将婴儿分为母亲有龋组(简称有龋组)和母亲无龋组(简称无龋组),跟踪随访至婴儿6个月时再次收集唾液样本。通过高通量测序的方法,分析婴儿不同月龄微生物多样性的变化。结果本研究随访受试者10例(男6例,女4例),其中有龋组7例,无龋组3例,各组间的微生物群落多样性Shannon指数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。无龋组婴儿1月龄至6月龄时微生物群落的物种组成有较大变化;有龋组婴儿在1月龄和6月龄时组内各样本间物种组成均差异较大;1月龄时两组微生物群落较相似,而至6月龄时两组婴儿唾液的物种组成已开始发生变化。结论有龋组婴儿口腔内菌群多样性总体高于无龋组,在1月龄至6月龄间婴儿口腔内微生物物种的多样性及丰度均有了不同程度的提高。     

Relationship between saliva and plasma rufinamide concentrations in patients with epilepsy

The assay of saliva samples provides a valuable alternative to the use of blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), at least for certain categories of patients. To determine the feasibility of using saliva sampling for the TDM of rufinamide, we compared rufinamide concentrations in paired samples of saliva and plasma collected from 26 patients with epilepsy at steady state. Within-patient relationships between plasma rufinamide concentrations and dose, and the influence of comedication were also investigated. Assay results in the two tested fluids showed a good correlation (r² = .78, P < .0001), but concentrations in saliva were moderately lower than those in plasma (mean saliva to plasma ratio = 0.7 ± 0.2). In eight patients evaluated at three different dose levels, plasma rufinamide concentrations increased linearly with increasing dose. Patients receiving valproic acid comedication had higher dose-normalized plasma rufinamide levels than patients comedicated with drugs devoid of strong enzyme-inducing or enzyme-inhibiting activity. Overall, these findings indicate that use of saliva represents a feasible option for the application of TDM in patients treated with rufinamide. Because rufinamide concentrations are lower in saliva than in plasma, a correction factor is needed if measurements made in saliva are used as a surrogate for plasma concentrations.     

Functional outcomes after submandibular gland-sparing neck dissection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

The feasibility of submandibular gland (SMG) preservation during neck dissection has been described. The aim of this study was to analyse the functional outcomes in patients undergoing SMG preservation during neck dissection for cT1–2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Consecutive patients were divided into two groups based on the management of the SMG, and underwent a saliva flow test before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. All enrolled patients completed the fourth version of the University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL) questionnaire at 12 months after surgery. In patients who underwent SMG preservation during neck dissection, the flow rate at 7 days after surgery was significantly lower than that preoperative; however, it gradually returned to baseline at 9 months after surgery. The saliva flow rate at 9 months after surgery was similar to that at 12 months after surgery. Further, patients with SMG preservation had higher scores for the activity, swallowing, chewing, and saliva domains than patients without SMG preservation. The results of the study suggest that saliva secretion ability can be preserved following SMG-sparing neck dissection, and that SMG preservation improves postoperative quality of life.     

Large tonsillolith associated with the accessory duct of the ipsilateral submandibular gland: support for saliva stasis hypothesis

Tonsillolith is a calcified mass in the tonsil and/or its surrounding tissue, which is considered to be caused by chronic tonsillitis. However, here we hypothesized that a tonsillolith can also be formed by chronic saliva stasis in the tonsillar tissue, without any signs of chronic inflammation. We present the case of a 32-year-old male patient with a large tonsillolith. We reviewed his medical files, pre-operative imaging and intraoperative findings. During a standard tonsillectomy, we encountered a large tonsillolith measuring 3.1 × 2.6 cm. Additionally, a careful dissection of the lower pole of the remaining tonsillar tissue revealed a large fistulous tract filled with saliva. Post-operative examination of the pre-operative CT scan found a hypodense fistulous tract extending from the lower tonsillar pole towards the left submandibular gland, measuring 36 mm in length, which was diagnosed as an accessory duct of the submandibular gland. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a large tonsillolith associated with the accessory duct of the ipsilateral major salivary gland. Furthermore, from the aetiopathological view, this finding supports the saliva stasis hypothesis for formation of the tonsillolith. However, larger studies, including a detailed radiological analysis as in our case, are needed to further investigate this possible aetiology of tonsilloliths.     

The effects of coaching on salivary cortisol stress marker in mothers with young children,a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a coaching program on saliva cortisol sensitivity in normal healthy mothers with young children.Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with objective and subjective outcome measurements of the stress indicator. A postal survey to assess emotional intelligence (EI) was administered by random sampling to mothers of young children aged 3 months to 6 years in Japan. A total of 74 mothers with median EI scores or lower were enrolled in a RCT involving the coaching program. The intervention group received a 3-month coaching program. The control group was given the coaching program at follow-up. Stress state outcomes (saliva cortisol level, EI score, and Profile of Mood States (POMS)) were measured at baseline and immediate follow-up, with salivary cortisol measured again at a one-month follow-up.Results: Significant differences were found for saliva cortisol level and the EI score within and between the intervention and control groups. Some POMS subscale scores were significantly different within the intervention and control groups.Conclusion: The participants in the coaching program had significantly reduced saliva cortisol levels and better secondary outcomes than those in the control group.     

涎腺恶性肿瘤肿瘤相关物质检测的临床意义

目的探讨血清肿瘤相关物质(TSGF)的检测对涎腺恶性肿瘤诊断的意义。方法以免疫组化法检测82例涎腺恶性肿瘤患者血清的TSGF,并以63例良性肿瘤和51例非肿瘤患者作对照。结果恶性肿瘤患者血清中TSGF水平与非肿瘤组、良性肿瘤组相比差异均有显著性(P<0.01);不同类别恶性肿留患者血清TSGF水平相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);在良性肿瘤与非肿瘤患者之间,差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。结论血清TSGF检测对于鉴别涎腺肿瘤的良、恶性有一定的参考价值。     

Inhibition of Candida albicans by the peroxidase/SCN−/H2O2 system

Effects of the salivary peroxidase (SPO) system on the growth, glucose uptake and metabolic activities of oral bacteria are well documented but the effects on oral fungi are virtually unknown. Therefore, the viability of Candida albicans (ATCC 28366) exposed to the peroxidase/SCN^?/H₂O₂: system was studied in sterilized saliva, in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in potassium chloride. The growth of C. albicans in glucose-supplemented saliva was faster at pH 5.5 than at pH 7. The addition of the complete SPO (or lactoperoxidase) system to either sterilized saliva, KC1 (50 μM) or PBS at pH 5.5 inhibited dose-dependently the viability of C. albicans in KC1, but no inhibition was found in PBS or saliva. Maximal inhibition was achieved in 2 h and with > 320 μM of peroxidase-generated HOSCN/OSCN^?. However, physiological salivary concentrations of phosphate (> 1.0 μM) and PBS blocked the antifungal effect of HOSCN/OSCN^?. The relative proportions of SCN^? and H₂O₂: were critical to the antifungal effects. With 0.2 mM KSCN, a complete loss of viability was achieved, though the HOSCN/OSCN^? concentrations did not exceed 100 μM. It is concluded that C. albicans is sensitive to HOSCN/OSCN^? but salivary concentrations of phosphate block the antifungal effect of the peroxidase systems.