研究腰硬联合麻醉应用重比重罗哌卡因在老年下肢手术中对循环功能的影响

目的：研究腰硬联合麻醉应用重比重罗哌卡因对老年下肢手术循环功能的影响。方法：2014年10月-2015年10月本院收治老年下肢手术患者多例，选取其中的80例作为对象，以麻醉用药为参考依据，将其均分为观察组（40例）及对照组（40例）。两组药液均配制成重比重液。观察组：由1ml10%葡萄糖与2mnl0.75%罗哌卡因配制而成的1.5ml0.5%罗哌卡因，对照组：由1ml10%葡萄糖与2mnl0.75%布比卡因配制而成的1.5ml0.5%布比卡因，选取L3.4椎间隙为穿刺部位。待成功后完成腰麻。结果：在血流动力学影响方面，观察组明显比对照组小（P＜0.05）。完成麻醉10min后，对照组BP明显下降，基础值与麻醉后20mina内最小值差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），对照组与观察组差异显著，具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。监测时间段内，观察组1例使用麻黄碱，对照组7例使用麻黄碱，观察组明显比对照组少，两组均未使用阿托品。结论：重比重罗哌卡因不仅循环波动较小，而且十分平稳，适用于老年下肢手术。     

Effect of Ketamine Added to Ropivacaine in Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Trial

PurposeNerve blocks are commonly used as a part of multimodal pain relief. It was previously shown that ketamine could enhance the analgesic effect of local anesthetics in nerve blocks. A literature review on adding ketamine to local anesthetics for ameliorating analgesia revealed inconsistencies in analgesic efficiency and safety. This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was performed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of mixing ketamine with local anesthetics in a combined femoral and sciatic nerve block (CFSNB) during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsSeventy-six patients undergoing preoperative ultrasound-guided CFSNB in ACL reconstruction were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group RNK received perineural administration of 40-mg ketamine plus 0.375% ropivacaine in 40-mL volume; Group RIK received 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine, as well as IV ketamine 40 mg; and Group R received 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine. Pain scores were recorded. AUC was calculated based on the pain scores at different times. Duration of CFSNB, postoperative analgesic demand, time to first analgesic demand, and adverse events were also examined.FindingsPerineural ketamine decreased pain scores 20 and 24 h' postoperatively, as well as lowered AUC values (all, P = 0.001). Group RNK had a prolonged time to first analgesic request (P = 0.014), inhibited rebound pain (P = 0.001), and increased satisfactory score at 48 h’ postsurgery (P = 0.001). Perineural ketamine prolonged the duration of sensory block (P = 0.001) with no effect on early mobilization. There were no significant differences between Group R and Group RIK in terms of postoperative pain scores, AUC of different time intervals (P = 0.832 or more), and time to first rescue analgesics (P = 0.585). Compared with the 2 other groups, IV ketamine had a higher incidence of hallucination after operations.ImplicationsPerineural ketamine added to the ropivacaine-enhanced analgesic efficacy of CFSNB with less rebound pain compared with the IV ketamine and control groups. IV ketamine had no effect in potentiating analgesia when a conventional multimodal approach was used in the study. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900023867.     

盐酸罗哌卡因对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

目的:探讨盐酸罗哌卡因对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞增殖能力的影响，并确定盐酸罗哌卡因的用药浓度，流式细胞术检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞周期的影响，Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞凋亡的影响，蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）和剪切的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3（Cleaved Caspase-3）蛋白表达水平。结果:随着盐酸罗哌卡因用药浓度的升高，MGC-803细胞增殖能力逐渐降低，根据CCK-8实验结果分别筛选出浓度为10、50 μg/ml和100 μg/ml的盐酸罗哌卡因用于后续实验。盐酸罗哌卡因能够明显阻滞细胞周期于G2期，诱导细胞凋亡，抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达，促进Bax和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达。结论:盐酸罗哌卡因能够抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖，阻碍MGC-803细胞周期进程，诱导细胞凋亡，该过程可能与下调Bcl-2蛋白表达，上调Bax和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

不同剂量硬膜外分娩镇痛对产后尿潴留的影响

目的探讨不同剂量下罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛方案安全性和对产后尿潴留的影响。方法选取2018年5月-2019年5月本院妇产科收治的拟行硬膜外分娩镇痛下自然分娩的初产妇80例,随机分为甲方案组和乙方案组,每组40例,甲方案组产妇采取0.1%罗哌卡因+0.3μg/mL舒芬太尼的硬膜外分娩镇痛方案,乙方案组产妇采取0.075%罗哌卡因+0.5μg/mL舒芬太尼的硬膜外分娩镇痛方案,比较两组产妇的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、尿潴留、其他不良反应和新生儿出生后Apgar评分。结果结果显示,两组的镇痛时间差异无统计学意义;与此同时,在子宫颈开口3 cm时(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)、宫颈口开口10 cm时(T2)、分娩即刻(T3)和分娩后2 h时(T4)5个时间点的疼痛评分差异均无统计学意义;但麻醉后的其他时间点的疼痛评分与T0比较,均具有统计学意义。甲方案组尿潴留发生率为5.00%,低于乙方案的20.00%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=4.114,P=0.043)。两组产妇分娩的新生儿在出生后l min、5 min和10 min时的Apgar评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种剂量的分娩镇痛方案均可有效缓解分娩疼痛,但在0.1%罗哌卡因+0.3μg/mL舒芬太尼剂量下产后尿潴留的发生风险更小。     

超声引导下罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定和地塞米松IBPB在关节镜下肩部手术中的应用研究

目的 探讨超声引导下罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定和地塞米松斜角肌间隙臂神经丛阻滞（IBPB）在关节镜下肩部手术中的应用价值。方法 选取白银市第一人民医院102例拟行超声引导下IBPB关节镜下肩部手术患者,按照随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组34例。A组采用0.375%罗哌卡因30 ml阻滞,B组采用0.375%罗哌卡因+1.0 μg/kg右美托咪定30 ml阻滞,C组采用0.375%罗哌卡因+1.0 μg/kg右美托咪定+10 mg地塞米松30 ml阻滞。比较3组感觉阻滞、运动阻滞效果,以及疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和并发症。结果 3组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞完善时间、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞持续时间比较,C组短于B组和A组（P <0.05）,B组短于A组（P <0.05）;3组感觉阻滞评分比较,C组低于B组和A组（P <0.05）,B组低于A组（P <0.05）。3组术后3 h、6 h VAS评分比较,C组低于B 组和A组（P <0.05）,B组低于A组（P <0.05）;3组追加舒芬太尼比例比较,C组低于B组和A组（P <0.05）,B组低于A组（P <0.05）;C组并发症发生率低于B 组和A组（P <0.05）。结论 超声引导下右美托咪定和地塞米松可提高罗哌卡因IBPB效果,不良反应少。     

静脉泵注右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因切口浸润在小儿腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 观察右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因切口浸润在小儿腹腔镜手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年1月—2018年1月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院行腹腔镜手术患儿120例,采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组40例。A组为对照组,关闭气腹前静脉推注芬太尼1.0 μg/kg;B组术毕用0.25%罗哌卡因浸润切口;C组麻醉诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪定0.4 μg/kg,术毕用0.25%罗哌卡因浸润切口。记录3组患儿术中麻醉药物的用量,苏醒期躁动发生率,麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间,以及术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、48 h NRS评分、围术期并发症的发生率、住院时间、家长满意度。结果 与A、B两组比较,C组患儿苏醒期躁动发生率明显降低,家长满意度明显提高（P <0.05）;与A组比较,B、C两组术后4 h、8 h、12 h NRS评分降低（P <0.05）;3组患儿PACU停留时间、住院时间及围术期并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 静脉输注右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因切口浸润可降低小儿腹腔镜术后苏醒期躁动发生率,减轻患儿术后疼痛,提高家长满意度。     

Local anaesthetic agents

Local anaesthetics are weak bases and consist of a lipophilic aromatic ring, a link and a hydrophilic amine. The chemistry of the link classifies them as amides or esters. They act by blocking the sodium ionophore, especially in the activated state of the channel, and frequency dependence can be shown. The speed of onset is related to dose and proportion of drug in the unionized lipid-soluble form, which in turn is determined by the pK_a and the ambient pH. Local anaesthetic agents, being weak bases, are bound in the plasma to α1-acid glycoproteins, influencing duration of action. Esters undergo hydrolysis by esterases in the plasma. Amides are subject to phase I and II hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolism. The development of the S-enantiomers, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, has not been without some controversy with regards to therapeutic benefits when assessed by clinical potency models such as the minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC). Drugs derived from biological toxins that target and bind to the sodium ionophore are gaining acceptance for use as analgesics in chronic pain.     

罗哌卡因和布比卡因腰麻的临床对比研究

目的 对比研究15mg罗哌卡因和10mg布比卡因腰麻临床作用。方法 选择下肢手术患者60例 ,18～75岁 ;ASAI～II级 ,随机分为两组 ,按3:2被认为是等效比率分别给予罗哌卡因15mg和布比卡因10mg,药液和10%GS配成重比重液。在L3、4间隙采用硬膜外腰麻联合穿刺技术行腰麻操作。比较观察两组患者感觉和运动阻滞的起效和恢复上的异同 ,并观察用药后术中和术后不良反应。结果罗哌卡因运动阻滞起效时间慢于布比卡因(p<0.05) ,运动恢复时间快于布比卡因(p<0.01),术中肌松阻滞程度弱于布比卡因(p<0.05或p<0.01)。结论 15mg罗哌卡因腰麻作用弱于10mg布比卡因     

1%甲哌卡因与0.5%罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞锁骨骨折术中的比较

目的观察1%甲哌卡因与0.5%罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞锁骨骨折术中麻醉效果的比较。方法择期行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞锁骨骨折成年患者30例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=15);1%甲哌卡因组(M组)和0.5%罗哌卡因组(R组)。两组均在神经刺激仪引导下,以肌间沟入路行臂丛神经阻滞,M组和R组分别注入1%甲哌卡因25 mL和0.5%罗哌卡因25 mL。观察两组血流动力学,感觉、运动阻滞起效及恢复时间,术后VAS评分,不良反应及麻醉满意度。结果与R组比较,M组感觉、运动阻滞起效时间缩短,阻滞恢复时间缩短(P0.05),术后6 h、12 h的VAS评分增加(P0.05)。结论 1%甲哌卡因与0.5%罗哌卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,均能满足锁骨骨折手术。采用1%甲哌卡因较0.5%罗哌卡因起效更快,且感觉、运动恢复更早,利于早期活动,但术后镇痛效果不如0.5%罗哌卡因。