我国科研人员和期刊编辑对学术期刊开放科学数据的认知调查分析

【目的】 从各个角度呈现我国科研人员和期刊编辑关于期刊开放科学数据的认知现状,为期刊科学数据开放政策的制订提供数据支持。【方法】 基于文献调研和现场调研确定调查内容,利用问卷星平台对我国期刊编辑和自然科学与工程技术领域的科研人员关于学术期刊开放科学数据的发展前景、担忧的问题,以及所需保障等问题进行调查,共获得950份自然科学与工程技术领域科研人员有效问卷和205份期刊编辑有效问卷。【结果】 我国科研人员在向国内外期刊投稿时遇到期刊要求提供原始数据的情况并不是非常普遍,很多期刊编辑对于期刊开放科学数据并不是非常了解;期刊编辑和科研人员基本都认为期刊开放科学数据有利于科研发展,双方均认为中文期刊开放科学数据是必然之势,但是需要一定的保障措施;国家的鼓励性措施、强制性措施均是促使期刊实施开放科学数据政策的可行方式。【结论】 科技期刊需加强开放科学数据的宣传,加深期刊编辑和科研人员对开放科学数据的认识;加强对原始数据的重视,提升期刊编辑对于文章原始数据的理解,并有意识地加强与作者关于原始数据的沟通,为原始数据全面开放提供参考。     

Moving from institutional dependence to entrepreneurialism. Creating and funding a collaborative research and practice development position

Aims of the paper. The paper describes the creation of, the rationale behind and the external funding of a collaborative research‐clinical practice development position. The paper also demonstrates the benefits of nursing's collaboration with external funding bodies and the value of moving from our traditional position of assuming that ‘the hospital’ will always provide. Background. There is a constant refrain that nursing must become more ‘research‐based’ and develop an active research culture. In harsh financial times however, funding for research development is scarce. Nurses can respond to this by bemoaning the lack of money or by taking an entrepreneurial approach, creating innovative project proposals that develop new partnerships and attract external funding. Discussion. Institutional support for clinical research is often more verbal than financial as most health care systems are experiencing extreme financial stringencies. Nurses need to reconsider the notion that every initiative must automatically be funded by the institution. In this paper we show how in a busy major hospital, clinicians and researchers collaborated to create and fund the kind of innovative research and practice development position that may be impossible to fund through existing budgets. Conclusion. With creativity and determination, nurses can challenge the orthodoxy that they are solely dependent on institutional funding. If there is a clear project vision, a convincing rationale, a strongly argued ‘business case’ and a passionate and persistent team, then innovative new projects and positions can be realized. Relevance to clinical practice. Developing clinical focused, practice based research is now a worldwide policy and practice imperative for nurses. Unfortunately, current levels of institutional funding are unlikely to support research promotion positions and initiatives. This paper outlines an approach to securing funding for research initiatives that can create exciting new positions and develop productive partnerships between researchers, clinicians and external agencies.     

贵州省医学科研人员对查新报告利用现状调查

采用问卷调查结合访谈形式,对贵州省主要医疗机构的的科研人员进行查新咨询信息利用状况及影响因素的调查,指出影响查新报告利用的相关因素,并提出针对性的改进对策,以提高医学科研人员对查新报告的利用,提升查新服务水平,更好地为科研工作服务。     

Encounters with older lesbians in psychiatric practice

This paper starts from the feminist perspective that the problems experienced by older lesbians need to be understood in their political and socio-cultural context. Given that we live in a society that pathologizes sexual activity beyond the reproductive years and lesbianism at any age, and which labels old people as asexual, lesbians frequently present to practitioners in unorthodox ways. This is perhaps because internalized oppression and fears of being labelled ‘sick’, ‘deviant’, ‘sexless’, and even ‘psychogeriatric’ silence them. Case material is presented in an attempt to illustrate an eclectic basis for practice which reflects the experience of older lesbians. Despite the traditional view that older people are unsuitable for the psychotherapies and respond better to more ‘medical’ therapies (drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, etc.), this paper demonstrates that therapy can be helpful and relevant to older lesbians when the therapist does not construct the patient's lesbianism as a basic problem.     

某军队研究所人员生命质量调查与分析

目的观察军队科研人员的生活质量,比较不同因素对其生活质量的影响。方法采用SF-36量表中文版对所内129名人员进行生活质量测评。结果与中国青年常模比较,所内人员SF-36量表PF、VT、MH的评分明显高,BP、RE的评分明显低(P<0.01);女性的PF得分低于男性,而本科以下学历的人员VT、MH明显高于研究生以上学历(P<0.05);睡眠不足的人RP、GH、VT、RE、MH评分较低,而吸烟、饮酒、饮食、运动对各维度的评分无显著性影响(P<0.05,P<0.01);机关人员在RP、GH、VT、MH评分上明显高于研究室人员,而工作的紧张度增加致使VT、MH的评分下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);结论军队科研人员整体的健康状况水平较好,文化程度、睡眠、工作性质和工作强度对军队科研人员的身体和心理健康均有一定程度影响。     

临床研究协调员在药物临床试验过程中的工作职责与经验

目前临床研究协调员(CRC)在完成高质量的临床试验中所扮演的角色越来越受到国内药物临床试验机构及药物申办者的广泛关注。作为临床试验过程中重要的一员,CRC承担着协调及管理临床试验项目的任务,具有"项目管理助手、后勤保障支持"的特点。四川大学华西医院国家药物临床试验机构在中医专业新药临床试验过程中,尝试配备CRC并在实际工作中取得了一定成效,同时也积累了实践经验。现就该机构中医专业新药临床试验过程中,CRC的运行机制和具体工作职责进行简要介绍,为各药物临床试验机构的建设和管理、药物临床试验的质量和整体水平的提高提供参考。     

学术论文流向与科研评价

目前,我国学术论文出现明显向SCI等数据库收录期刊及核心期刊的现象。本文探究了这种流向的原因,指出发表论文的客观要求、科研人员的自利性因素、科研评价的导向与推动、科研人员的投稿偏好性等是影响学术论文发表的重要因素,并提出有效完善科研评价制度、客观分析科研人员自利性因素,制定学术道德的相应规范、提高期刊质量和完善学术出版规范是吸引高质量论文的措施。