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1.
IntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is progressive and irreversible. Some discrepancies about IPF staging exists, especially in mild phases. Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials.MethodsSpanish multicentre, observational, retrospective study of IPF patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, based on the ATS/ERS criteria, which presented FVC greater or equal 80% at diagnosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics, lung function, radiological pattern, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed.Results225 IPF patients were included, 72.9% were men. The mean age was 69.5 years. The predominant high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern was consistent usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (51.6%). 84.7% of patients presented respiratory symptoms (exertional dyspnea and/or cough) and 33.33% showed oxygen desaturation below 90% in the 6 min walking test (6MWT). Anti-fibrotic treatment was initiated at diagnosis in 55.11% of patients. Median FVC was 89.6% (IQR 17) and 58.7% of patients had a decrease of diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) below 60% of theoretical value; most of them presented functional progression (61.4%) and higher mortality at 3 years (20.45%). A statistically significant correlation with the 3-years mortality was observed between DLCO <60% and consistent UIP radiological pattern.ConclusionsPatients with preserved FVC but presenting UIP radiological pattern and moderate–severe DLCO decrease at diagnosis associate an increased risk of progression, death or lung transplantation. Therefore, in these cases, preserved FVC would not be representative of early or mild IPF.  相似文献   
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目的探讨钆塞酸二钠(Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic-acid,Gd-EOB-DTPA)动态对比增强MRI(dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging,DCE-MRI)定量评估大鼠中度肝纤维化(hepatic fibrosis,HF)的价值。材料与方法40只雄性Wistar大鼠(对照组10只,实验组30只),腹腔注射CCl4构建不同分期HF模型,并行肝脏轴位T1WI及DCE-MRI扫描,获取以下参数:容量转运常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分数(Ve)以及初始曲线下面积(iAUC)。所有大鼠扫描前行尾静脉采血,测定血清中透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)含量。扫描结束后取大鼠肝脏组织进行HF病理学分期。采用独立样本t检验比较正常组与实验组、正常组及轻度HF组与中度HF组DCE-MRI参数和血清学指标的差异;采用单因素方差分析比较DCE-MRI参数和血清学指标在不同HF分期之间的差异;采用Spearman相关检验分析DCE-MRI参数和血清学指标与HF分期的相关性;利用ROC曲线比较各参数诊断中度HF的价值。结果26只大鼠纳入本次研究,其中病理学分期为正常组6只、轻度HF(F1期)7只、中度HF(F2~F3期)13只,随着HF加重,Ktrans、Kep、Ve及iAUC均降低(r=-0.665,P<0.001;r=-0.395、P=0.046;r=-0.565、P=0.003;r=-0.538、P=0.005),血清LN及HA含量均升高(r=0.606,P=0.001;r=0.601,P=0.001);Ktrans、Ve及iAUC在实验组与正常组、正常组及轻度HF组与中度HF组、正常组与中度HF组、轻度HF与中度HF组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清LN及HA含量在对照组与中度HF组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示Ktrans及LN诊断中度HF效能最高。结论Gd-EOB-DTPA DCE-MRI定量评估对中度HF分期具有较好的诊断价值,其中DCE-MRI参数中Ktrans具有最佳的诊断效能。  相似文献   
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目的 探讨降钙素原(PCT)与维持性血液透析(MHD)患者自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)并发症的关系。方法 选取使用AVF行MHD治疗的患者186例,根据随访过程中超声检查AVF是否出现并发症[狭窄和(或)血栓]分为并 发症组48例和非并发症组138例,收集2组患者透析龄、透析中收缩压下降≥30 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)例数、穿 刺失败或血肿形成例数、是否合并糖尿病等临床资料,并检测2组患者PCT、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板(Plt)等指标, 比较2组间上述指标的差异,应用二元Logistic回归分析AVF并发症的影响因素。结果 并发症组合并糖尿病、血液 透析中收缩压下降≥30 mmHg、穿刺失败或血肿形成发生率及PCT、CRP、透析龄高于非并发症组(P<0.05)。2组性 别、年龄、原发疾病、尿素清除指数、体质量指数、每月血液灌流及血液透析滤过时间等比较差异无统计学意义。二 元Logistic回归分析发现,较高水平的PCT、血液透析中收缩压下降≥30 mmHg、穿刺失败或血肿形成是发生AVF并发 症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 高水平PCT是MHD患者AVF并发症发生的危险因素,临床应重视对微炎症状 态的改善,并注意合理控制血压,避免血液透析中血压快速下降,不断提高穿刺技术。  相似文献   
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Tuberculosis is a major healthcare burden in India, which accounts for the maximum number of cases worldwide. Due to its non-specific features, peritoneal tuberculosis has been dubbed as the great mimicker of various other abdominal pathologies. This case series highlights the importance of incidental intra operative detection of peritoneal tuberculosis in cases being operated for renal pathologies. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma is bound to occur when surgeon is faced with such an unexpected finding. Incidental peritoneal tuberculosis was defined as peritoneal tubercular lesions (ascites or tubercles) detected intraoperatively in patients being operated for non-tuberculosis related indications and no prior preoperative suspicion of abdominal tuberculosis. We here review 3 cases with different renal pathologies and no prior history or exposure to tuberculosis in which intraperitoneal tuberculosis was encountered incidentally at the time of surgery. Case 1 was a suspected case of right renal cell carcinoma and underwent right robotic nephron sparing surgery. Case 2 underwent robotic assisted lap simple nephrectomy for a right nonfunctioning kidney due to obstructive ureteric calculus. Case 3 was a suspected case of left upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent robotic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. In all 3 cases, on encountering the peritoneal lesions, an intraoperative decision to continue with the proposed surgery was made after frozen section biopsies from the multiple peritoneal and omental deposits revealed no malignant cells. Histopathology of these lesions in all 3 cases revealed caseating granulomas consistent with a diagnosis of disseminated peritoneal tuberculosis. None of the resected specimen had features suggestive of tuberculosis. ATT was started and on follow up the patients are doing well. Peritoneal tuberculosis although uncommon is not a rare presentation of active tuberculosis. Surgeons on encountering such lesions during non-related surgeries should always have a high suspicion of tuberculosis. Despite the existing literature favoring abandoning the procedure in such situations, we successfully completed the proposed surgeries.  相似文献   
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目的 运用网络药理学方法及分子对接技术探讨黄芪干预腹膜纤维化的可能机制。方法 利用中药系统药理学数据库及分析平台(TCMSP)检索黄芪的主要化学成分及靶点,并补充文献报道相关药理作用的成分作为潜在活性成分。以"peritoneal fibrosis"为关键词分别在OMIM、Genecards获取目前已知的与腹膜纤维化相关的疾病靶点,后取两者的交集靶点;对交集基因通过STRING数据库与Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建"药物-成分-靶点-疾病"网络及蛋白互作(PPI)网络并筛选核心网络。基于R软件使用Bioconductor生物信息软件对核心靶点进行GO及KEGG富集分析,最终采用AutoDock软件将主要有效成分与核心靶点进行分子对接,得出其结合能力。结果 筛选出20个黄芪活性成分及文献报道有相关药理作用4个, 457药物作用靶点,与674个腹膜纤维化病靶点取交集,得到86个共同靶点。GO功能富集分析提示黄芪拮抗腹膜纤维化主要参与了蛋白激酶B信号转导的调节、细胞对化学的应激反应、炎症反应的调节等通路; KEGG通路富集分析主要涉及调控肿瘤、磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt)、晚期糖基化终末产物/晚期糖基化终末产物受体(AGE-RAGE)、人类巨细胞病毒感染、HIF-1信号通路等;分子对接结果显示关键靶点与活性成分具有较好的结合能力。结论 黄芪治疗腹膜纤维化的分子机制,可能与抑制炎症及氧化应激反应、调节多种信号通路等相关。  相似文献   
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The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented challenges for urology patients to receive care in the format of a traditional clinic visit. For renal cancer patients, active surveillance and postintervention surveillance are the standard components of management. Telehealth, which was defined as a televideo encounter via the BlueJeans (Verizon) platform (a telehealth platform), was used to ensure continuity of care. Telehealth using the televideo modality was shown to be an effective model of care delivery to provide an optimal patient experience with ease of use.  相似文献   
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PurposeTo study, from a U.S. payer’s perspective, the economic consequences of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) use for the treatment of stenotic lesions in dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae.Materials and MethodsCost differences between DCBs and PTA at year 1 and beyond were calculated via 2 methods. The first approach used the mean absolute number of trial-observed access circuit reinterventions through 12 months (0.65 ± 1.05 vs 1.05 ± 1.18 events per patient for DCBs and PTA, respectively) and projected treatment outcomes to 3 years. The second approach was based on the trial-observed access circuit primary patency rates at 12 months (53.8% vs 32.4%) and calculated the cost difference on the basis of previously published Medicare cost for patients who maintained or did not maintain primary patency. Assumptions regarding DCB device prices were tested in sensitivity analyses, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated.ResultsUsing the absolute number of access circuit reinterventions approach, the DCB strategy resulted in an estimated per-patient savings of $1,632 at 1 year and $4,263 at 3 years before considering the DCB device cost. The access circuit primary patency approach was associated with a per-patient cost savings of $2,152 at 1 year and $3,894 at 2.5 years of follow-up. At the theoretical DCB device reimbursement of $1,800, savings were $1,680 and $2,049 at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The one-year NNT of DCB compared to PTA was 2.48.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for arteriovenous access stenosis with the IN.PACT AV DCB can be expected to be cost-saving if longer follow-up data confirm its clinical effectiveness.  相似文献   
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