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1.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
3.
张湛婷 《全科护理》2022,20(6):772-774
目的:探讨会所康复模式在女性精神分裂症恢复期病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年2月—2020年3月精神科收治的100例女性精神分裂恢复期病人作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组各50例,对照组采取常规康复治疗,观察组在常规康复治疗基础上应用会所多维度康复治疗模式。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、疾病家庭负担量表(FBS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、生活满意度指数B量表(LSIB)评价两组病人干预前、干预3个月、干预6个月精神症状、家庭负担、日常生活能力、生活自理能力。结果:两组病人干预3个月、干预6个月PANSS、FBS、ADL及LSIB评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组组内干预前后PANSS、FBS、ADL及LSIB评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:女性精神分裂症病人在恢复阶段应用会所康复模式进行干预可改善其精神症状,缓解其家庭负担,调节其日常生活能力和生活自理能力,提升其生活满意度。  相似文献   
4.
林小红 《中国校医》2022,36(1):47-49
目的 探讨基于加速康复外科(ERAS)理念护理干预对老年腹股沟疝手术患者应用效果。方法 选取2017年11月—2020年11月收治于我院的84例老年腹股沟疝日间手术患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各42例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组采用基于ERAS理念的护理干预。对比两组术后机体康复情况与并发症发生率。结果 观察组术后首次肛门排气、排便、下床活动、进食及住院时间为(4.28±1.23)h、(15.24±2.16)h、(15.39±2.17)h、(5.69±1.41)h、(3.83±1.03)d,短于对照组的(5.48±1.08)h、(16.54±2.37)h、(16.43±2.11)h、(6.38±1.52)h、(4.38±1.14)d,差异有统计学意义(t=4.751、2.627、2.227、2.157、2.320,P=<0.001、0.010、0.029、0.034、0.023);观察组并发症发生率4.76%,低于对照组的19.05%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.087,P=0.043)。结论 基于ERAS理念护理干预能够加快老年腹股沟疝手术患者术后肛门排气、排便等时间,预防并发症,促进术后康复。  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨饮酒与慢性阻塞性肺疾病风险(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)的关系。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库,搜集各数据库建库至2021年11月公开发表的有关饮酒与COPD风险的观察性研究。由2位研究者根据文献纳入及排除标准独立筛选文献并提取数据。采用Stata 12.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果 共纳入8篇文献(2篇队列研究文献和6篇横断面研究文献),共纳入209 489例研究对象。meta分析结果显示,与最低饮酒量组相比,最高饮酒量组发生COPD的风险无显著变化(RR=0.97, 95%CI:0.87~1.08);与不饮酒组相比,少量或中度饮酒组发生COPD的风险降低(RR=0.87, 95%CI:0.81~0.94);与少量或中度饮酒组相比,过量饮酒组发生COPD的风险无显著变化(RR=1.26, 95%CI:0.98~1.63)。 结论 meta分析结果提示少量或中度饮酒可降低COPD的风险。过量饮酒是否会增加COPD的风险尚需进一步研究。  相似文献   
6.
目的 探讨耳穴贴压对腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱家兔模型的作用机制,为耳穴贴压治疗腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱提供参考。 方法 将30只SD清洁型家兔采用随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、耳穴组各10只。耳穴组于造模成功后耳穴贴压胃、大肠、耳中穴,每日按压3次,每次每穴30 s,连续干预7 d;模型组进行造模手术未进行耳穴贴压;空白组不给予任何处理。 结果 耳穴组术后首次排便时间及肠鸣音恢复时间显著早于模型组(均P<0.05)。三组术后6 h、3 d及7 d血清皮质醇浓度的干预效应、时间效应、交互效应显著,模型组及耳穴组术后6 h及3 d血清皮质醇浓度显著高于空白组,且术后3 d耳穴组显著低于模型组(均P<0.05)。干预后,三组小肠推进率、C-kit蛋白阳性表达、iNOS活性有显著差异,其中耳穴组、空白组小肠推进率、C-kit蛋白阳性表达显著高于模型组,但iNOS活性显著低于模型组,耳穴组的C-kit蛋白阳性表达显著低于空白组(均P<0.05)。 结论 耳穴贴压可缩短腹部术后家兔首次排便及肠鸣音恢复时间,降低血清皮质醇浓度及应激反应,有助于提升小肠推进率及结肠组织中C-kit蛋白阳性表达,促进腹部术后胃肠蠕动恢复。  相似文献   
7.
《Vaccine》2022,40(19):2679-2695
Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.  相似文献   
8.
Forgiveness has been found one substantial element in the recovery for women survivors from intimate partner violence following the termination of the abusive relationship. To further investigate the details of forgiveness in this specific context, the present study explored the process of forgiveness using grounded theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Chinese women survivors of IPV. The findings suggest that forgiveness is a strength-based process including empowerment, transformation, and integration phases. In the empowerment phase, survivors obtain strength at the intrapersonal, behavioural, and interpersonal levels. In the transformation phase, survivors complete cognitive transformation for their IPV experiences and emotional transformation towards former partners. In the integration phase, survivors—now freed from the past—reflect upon and apply the changes they have undergone. Two trajectories in the process were found. One trajectory is going through stages sequentially and the other trajectory is experiencing back and forth between empowerment and transformation stages before moving into the integration stage. The study's findings broaden our knowledge of the strength-based forgiveness process that women survivors of IPV undergo during recovery. Practitioners and policymakers could develop programmes and policies that support forgiveness by holistically facilitating their recovery and empowerment like assistance in dealing with life difficulties and promoting their reconnection with social networks. To improve the transferability and validity of the findings, the forgiveness of survivors of IPV could be explored in a diverse sample (e.g., survivors with low educational background or live in the rural area).  相似文献   
9.
《Value in health》2022,25(6):1018-1029
ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and subsequent cost-effectiveness estimates based on the more physical health–focused EQ-5D 5-level version (EQ-5D-5L) value set for England or cross-walked EQ-5D 3-level version UK value set scores or more mental health recovery-focused Recovering Quality of Life Utility Index (ReQoL-UI), when using alternative within-trial statistical methods. We describe possible reasons for the different QALY estimates based on the interaction between item scores, health state profiles, preference-based scores, and mathematical and statistical methods chosen.MethodsQALYs are calculated over 8 weeks from a case study 2:1 (intervention:control) randomized controlled trial in patients with anxiety or depression. Complete case and with missing cases imputed using multiple-imputation analyses are conducted, using unadjusted and regression baseline-adjusted QALYs. Cost-effectiveness is judged using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and acceptability curves. We use previously established psychometric results to reflect on estimated QALYs.ResultsA total of 361 people (241:120) were randomized. EQ-5D-5L crosswalk produced higher incremental QALYs than the value set for England or ReQoL-UI, which produced similar unadjusted QALYs, but contrasting baseline-adjusted QALYs. Probability of cost-effectiveness <£30 000 per QALY ranged from 6% (complete case ReQoL-UI baseline-adjusted QALYs) to 64.3% (multiple-imputation EQ-5D-5L crosswalk unadjusted QALYs). The control arm improved more on average than the intervention arm on the ReQoL-UI, a result not mirrored on the EQ-5D-5L nor condition-specific (Patient-Health Questionnaire-9, depression; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, anxiety) measures.ConclusionsReQoL-UI produced contradictory cost-effectiveness results relative to the EQ-5D-5L. The EQ-5D-5L’s better responsiveness and “anxiety/depression” and “usual activities” items drove the incremental QALY results. The ReQoL-UI’s single physical health item and “personal recovery” construct may have influenced its lower 8-week incremental QALY estimates in this patient sample.  相似文献   
10.
目的:建立HPLC一测多评法同时测定胃疡灵颗粒中肉桂酸、桂皮醛、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素、6-姜辣素、8-姜酚和10-姜酚的含量。方法:采用HPLC法,以Agilent SB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相A为乙腈-甲醇(9∶1),流动相B为0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱(0~13 min,28%A;13~24 min,28%→35%A;24~39 min,35%→56%A;39~53 min,56%→85%A;53~60 min,85%→28%A),流速为1.1 ml/min,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为25℃。以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷为内参物,建立其他7个成分的相对校正因子,计算各成分含量。结果:肉桂酸、桂皮醛、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素、6-姜辣素、8-姜酚和10-姜酚分别在0.59~11.80、7.47~149.40、2.18~43.60、1.91~38.20、4.49~89.80、3.87~77.40、0.94~18.80、1.46~29.20μg/ml(r≥0.9991)范围内线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为(96.89±1.04)%、(100.05±0.64)%、(99.52±1.18)%、(98.51±1.30)%、(99.38±0.77)%、(98.29±0.88)%、(97.72±1.26)%和(97.93±1.01)%(n=9);肉桂酸、桂皮醛、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素、6-姜辣素、8-姜酚和10-姜酚的相对校正因子分别为0.8263、0.8490、0.9720、1.2005、1.2766、0.7202和0.8749,一测多评法计算值和外标法实测值无明显差异。结论:本研究建立的HPLC一测多评法操作便捷、结果准确,可用于胃疡灵颗粒的质量控制。  相似文献   
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