经典名方物质基准研制的关键技术分析

中药经典名方开发已成为当下中医药界研究的热点之一,而其中经典名方物质基准的成功研制对于整个中药经典名方的申报极为关键。经典名方物质基准既是检测经典名方制剂质量的基准,同时又需反映整方的物质基础。中药成分众多而复杂,单成分的、化药式的研发与质量控制模式难以适用于整体药用的中药制剂的开发,亟需开辟一条中药专属的研发模式。以目前已有的现代科学技术,笔者建议将中药的遗传多态性、提取动力学、指纹图谱总量统计矩(相似度)法、超分子"印迹模板"等结合应用于经典名方物质基准的研制,探讨中药经典名方物质基准的质量控制技术,以期全面、准确地阐明药材-饮片-物质基准的成分群量值的传递规律,为推进中药经典名方的研制进程提供参考。     

CO2点阵激光联合伊可尔治疗难治性掌跖疣疗效观察

目的观察CO₂点阵激光联合伊可尔治疗难治性掌跖疣的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取掌跖部多发,经其他疗法治疗后复发的难治性掌跖疣患者58例,患者平均分为两组,对照组29例先选择激光功率0.5-2W将皮损磨削薄直至焦痂或点状出血,之后采用CO₂点阵模式10-20mJ/cm2治疗,每周治疗一次,连续治疗4周。观察组29例观察组:CO₂点阵激光治疗仪器及治疗方法与对照组相同。激光治疗完毕,使用伊可尔药水棉片湿敷患处2小时,激光治疗后连续湿敷伊可尔棉片5天,停药2天至下一次激光治疗后继续湿敷,连续治疗4周。2组均随访观察6个月。结果:58例患者均完成治疗,治疗4周后,观察组总有效率93.10%,病损清除率为77.82%,均高于对照组的72.41%、60.81%,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6个月后,观察组复发率10.34%,对照组复发率37.93%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组不良反应差异无统计学差异。结论:CO₂点阵激光联合伊可尔治疗难治性掌跖疣疗效优于单用CO₂点阵激光。联用伊可尔降低了难治性掌跖疣的复发率,并且操作简便,安全性高。     

New Insight into the Fluorescence Quenching of Nitrogen-Containing Carbonaceous Quantum Dots—From Surface Chemistry to Biomedical Applications

Carbon-based quantum dots are widely suggested as fluorescent carriers of drugs, genes or other bioactive molecules. In this work, we thoroughly examine the easy-to-obtain, biocompatible, nitrogen-containing carbonaceous quantum dots (N-CQDs) with stable fluorescent properties that are resistant to wide-range pH changes. Moreover, we explain the mechanism of fluorescence quenching at extreme pH conditions. Our in vitro results indicate that N-CQDs penetrate the cell membrane; however, fluorescence intensity measured inside the cells was lower than expected from carbonaceous dots extracellular concentration decrease. We studied the mechanism of quenching and identified reduced form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as one of the intracellular quenchers. We proved it experimentally that the elucidated redox process triggers the efficient reduction of amide functionalities to non-fluorescent amines on carbonaceous dots surface. We determined the 5 nm–wide reactive redox zone around the N-CQD surface. The better understanding of fluorescence quenching will help to accurately quantify and dose the internalized carbonaceous quantum dots for biomedical applications.     

Development of a fluorescence-linked immunoassay based on quantum dots for fenvalerate

The glutathione-coated CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in a paper. After purification, the QDs were coupled with monoclonal antibody to fight against fenvalerate. The conjugates had the same emission wavelength as that of QDs. The excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of the conjugates were determined to obtain the highest signal-to-noise ratio. After the antibody concentration optimization, the fluorescence-linked immunoassay method was developed. The method used the QDs as the signal to quantify the fenvalerate. Compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it saved more than 1 h and decreased the false-positive rate using the specified emission wavelength of QDs. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of the method was 0.28 µg mL^?1. The detection limit was 25 ng mL^?1 and the linear range was 60 ng mL^?1–3.83 µg mL^?1. Via preliminary application, fenvalerate residues in spiked samples were determined. The recovery of fenvalerate in water samples ranged from 84.5% to 96.2% and that in vegetables ranged from 72.5% to 125.7%. It was a rapid detection of the fenvalerate residue in environment and vegetables.     

Effects of Asymmetric Quantum Wells on the Structural and Optical Properties of InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes

A metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy-grown InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) with three graded-thickness wells (the first-grown well had the greatest width) near the n-GaN was used as the active layer of an LED. For LEDs with an asymmetric quantum well (AQW), high-resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic reveal that the modified MQWs with a reasonable crystalline quality were coherently strained on the underlying GaN epilayers without any relaxation. In addition, the slight increase of indium segregation in the LED with an AQW may be attributed to variations in indium contents experienced during epitaxial growth of the wide well-containing MQWs. By preventing the energetic electrons from accumulating at the topmost quantum well nearest the p-GaN, the presence of light intensity roll-off in the LED with an AQW is shifted to higher currents and the corresponding maximum light output power is increased with a ratio 7.9% higher than that of normal LEDs. Finally, similar emission wavelengths were observed in the electroluminescence spectra of both LEDs, suggesting that light emitted mostly from the top quantum wells (near the p-GaN) while the emissions from the AQW region were insignificant.     

Doxorubicin-conjugated D-glucosamine- and folate- bi-functionalised InP/ZnS quantum dots for cancer cells imaging and therapy

Nanoscaled quantum dots (QDs), with unique optical properties have been used for the development of theranostics. Here, InP/ZnS QDs were synthesised and functionalised with folate (QD-FA), D-glucosamine (QD-GA) or both (QD-FA-GA). The bi-functionalised QDs were further conjugated with doxorubicin (QD-FA-GA-DOX). Optimum Indium to fatty acid (In:MA) ratio was 1:3.5. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed spherical morphology for the QDs (11?nm). Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum confirmed the chemical composition of the QDs. MTT analysis in the OVCAR-3 cells treated with bare QDs, QD-FA, QD-GA, QD-FA-GA and QD-FA-GA-DOX (0.2?mg/mL of QDs) after 24?h indicated low toxicity for the bare QDs and functionalised QDs (about 80–90% cell viability). QD-FA-GA-DOX nanoparticles elicited toxicity in the cells. Cellular uptake of the engineered QDs were investigated in both folate receptor (FR)-positive OVCAR-3 cells and FR-negative A549 cells using fluorescence microscopy and FACS flow cytometry. The FA-functionalised QDs showed significantly higher uptake in the FR-positive OVCAR-3 cells, nonetheless the GA-functionalised QDs resulted in an indiscriminate uptake in both cell lines. In conclusion, our findings indicated that DOX-conjugated FA-armed QDs can be used as theranostics for simultaneous imaging and therapy of cancer.     

量子点荧光探针在人舌鳞状细胞癌组织中的应用研究

目的 通过免疫荧光技术,利用量子点荧光探针在人的舌鳞状细胞癌组织中检测特定蛋白,探讨量子点荧光探针在人舌鳞状细胞癌组织中的应用.方法 相同粒径的量子点通过问接免疫荧光技术分别对人舌鳞状细胞癌组织中的P53及Bcl-2蛋白进行特异荧光标记,荧光显微镜观察蛋白定位表达;不同粒径的量子点通过间接免疫荧光技术,在同一张舌鳞状细...     

超脉冲CO_2点阵激光治疗痤疮凹陷性瘢痕的疗效分析

目的:分析痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者采用超脉冲CO2点阵激光治疗的有效性与安全性。方法:痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者52例,采取超脉冲CO2点阵激光治疗1～3次,根据疗效判定标准进行疗效总结与安全性分析。结果:本次研究对52例痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者总治疗次数达144人次,第1、2、3次治疗的有效率依次为75%、86%、95.24%,人次有效率达88.19%;52例患者中32例出现色素沉着,6例1年后仍有轻度色素沉着,产生色素沉着几率61.54%。结论:痤疮凹陷性瘢痕采取超脉冲CO2点阵激光治疗次数越多疗效越显著,能量越高凹坑平复效果越好,但反之能量越高产生色素沉着及增生性瘢痕的几率也越高。该疗法可以取得较良好的效果,见效快、疗效确切,同时并发症少,安全性较高,值得推广使用。     

Binding-Induced Fluorescence of Serotonin Transporter Ligands: A Spectroscopic and Structural Study of 4-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium (APP+) and APP+ Analogues

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