脑出血继发损伤中沉默信息调节因子2的表达和炎症反应*

目的：探讨脑出血对酵母沉默信息调节因子2（Sirt2）和炎症的影响。方法：将胶原酶Ⅳ注入SD大鼠右侧 纹状体中建立脑出血模型，通过免疫印迹和ELISA 等方法测定大鼠脑出血后48 h 的Sirt2 的表达及炎症变化。利 用Hemin 诱导PC12 细胞损伤模拟体外脑出血模型，并检测Sirt2 及炎症变化；采用短发夹RNA（shRNA）-Sirt2 沉 默Sirt2 在PC12 细胞中的表达及对炎症的影响。结果：手术后48 h 脑出血行为学评分最低。脑出血组Sirt2 的表达 显著高于假手术组。脑出血组IL-6、IL-1β 表达显著升高。结论：脑出血可以促进Sirt2 的表达和炎症反应，降低 Sirt2 的表达可减缓炎症反应。 关键词 脑出血；沉默信息调节     

Silencing KLF16 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis

Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, has been extensively investigated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate its related mechanism. KLF16 expression in OSCC cell lines was quantified by western blotting. Then, OECM1 and OC3 cells were divided into Blank, siCtrl, siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 groups. Subsequently, cell proliferation was detected using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometry. KLF16, p21, CDK4, Cyclin D1 and p-Rb expression was detected by western blotting. Finally, xenograft models were established in nude mice to observe the in vivo effects of KLF16 on OSCC. KLF16 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cells. Compared to the cells in the Blank group, the OECM1 and OC3 cells in the siKLF16#1 group and siKLF16#2 group exhibited a sharp decrease in proliferation but a remarkable increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase notably increased and that in the S phase decreased, with evident decreases in cell invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1 and p-Rb protein expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was downregulated. The mice in the siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 xenograft model groups exhibited slower tumour growth and smaller tumours with evident downregulation of Ki67 expression compared to the mice in the Blank group. KLF16 expression was upregulated in OSCC cells, and interfering with KLF16 led to cell cycle arrest, inhibited OSCC cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis.     

张应力对小鼠蝶枕软骨联合细胞增殖及低氧诱导因子- 1α表达的影响

目的:了解循环张应力对小鼠颅底蝶枕软骨联合细胞(SOSCs)增殖及低氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响。方法:采集1 d龄小鼠的SOSCs进行体外培养,对第三代细胞加载牵张形变率分别为3%、6%、9%,频率为1 Hz,持续时间为1 h的循环张应力;用流式细胞术测算细胞增殖指数,用蛋白免疫印迹技术分析Hif-1α的表达水平。用按相同条件培养但不加力的细胞作为对照。结果:各实验组细胞的增殖指数和Hif-1α相对表达量都高于对照组(P<0.05);其中,6%牵张形变率组的细胞增殖指数和Hif-1α相对表达量较对照组增加最多。结论:适宜强度的循环张应力对体外培养小鼠SOSCs的增殖和Hif-1α表达具有促进作用。     

人髌下脂肪垫干细胞的分离培养鉴定及初步研究

目的建立人髌下脂肪垫干细胞分离、培养和鉴定的平台，验证其可作为可靠的干细胞来源，并可作为细胞模型参与科学研究。 方法人髌下脂肪垫取自膝关节置换手术患者，经Ⅰ型胶原酶消化，在高糖Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)内扩增，取P5代细胞用于检测其"干性"及三向分化能力。与微尺度支架结合，通过RT－PCR检测成骨基因的表达，应用最小显著性差异法进行组间两两比较，用于验证微尺度支架的成骨诱导特性。 结果人髌下脂肪垫干细胞具备间充质干细胞相关特性，包括黏附贴壁性；成脂肪、成软骨及成骨分化；表达相关表面标记，如分化抗原簇(CD)73、CD90和CD105；不表达造血细胞系的分子表面标记，如c-kit、CD14、CD11b、CD34、CD45、CD19、CD79和人白细胞抗原(HLA)-DR。本课题中人髌下脂肪垫来源干细胞成功作为一种干细胞模型，证明HaCG微尺度支架具备成骨诱导特性，表现为三组中成骨基因ALP、COL1、Runx2表达差异有统计学意义(分别为F＝150，P<0.01；F＝68，P<0.01；F＝16，P<0.01)。HaCG微尺度支架组高于纯明胶微尺度支架组及二维培养组，纯明胶微尺度支架组高于二维培养组(P值均小于0.05)。 结论人髌下脂肪垫干细胞分离、培养和鉴定平台的建立，未来可作为细胞模型应用于多种不同实验。     

lncRNA-LINC00473在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:分析LINC00473在胃癌中的表达情况、临床意义及对人胃癌细胞增殖水平的影响。方法:利用癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库下载胃腺癌相关数据集，分析肿瘤组织与正常组织之间LINC00473的表达差异；利用 Kaplan-Meier 曲线进行患者生存分析；MTT方法检测胃癌细胞增殖水平、流式细胞术检测凋亡率的改变。结果:与癌旁组织比较，LINC00473在胃癌组织中的表达明显增加，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；生存分析发现，LINC00473表达与胃癌患者OS和DFS时间相关，LINC00473高表达的胃癌患者，OS和DFS时间明显缩短（P＜0.05）。转染LINC00473 siRNA至胃癌细胞后，结果发现与阴性质粒转染组比较:转染siRNA-LINC00473的胃癌细胞，LINC00473 表达明显降低；LINC00473表达下调后细胞增殖水平减慢，凋亡率增加。结论:LINC00473是一个新的胃癌生物标记物，可作为潜在的治疗新靶点。     

Increased expression of GAB1 promotes inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease mainly characterized by persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signal pathway plays an important role in the process of SSc, and Grb2‐associated binding protein (GAB) is crucial in activating RTK signalling. A previous study found elevated levels of GAB1 in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced fibrotic lungs, but the effects of GAB1 in SSc remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether GAB1 was dysregulated and its potential role in SSc. Compared with healthy donors, we found GAB1 expression was 1.6‐fold higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), 2.5‐fold higher in CD4 + T cells, and 2‐fold higher in skin from of SSc patients (P < .01). At the same time, the levels of type one collagen (COLI) were also significantly increased (1.8‐fold higher) in SSc skin. Additionally, BLM‐induced SSc mice showed mRNA levels of Gab1 2‐fold higher than saline‐treated controls, and Gab1 expression correlated positively with collagen content. A further in vitro study showed silencing of GAB1 suppressed inflammatory gene expression in TNF‐α induced fibroblasts. Additionally, GAB1 deficiency prominently inhibited cell proliferation and reduced COLI protein levels in TGF‐β induced fibroblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that GAB1 has a relatively high expression rate in SSc, and knockdown of GAB1 may attenuate SSc by stimulating inflammatory and fibrotic processes.     

斑蝥提取物通过细胞周期G2/M期阻滞诱导人胆管细胞癌QBC939细胞凋亡

目的:研究斑蝥提取物(cantharis extract,CTE)体外诱导人胆管癌QBC939细胞凋亡作用及其对细胞周期分布的影响。方法:体外培养人胆管细胞癌QBC939细胞,CTE作用于QBC939细胞48小时,利用CCK-8法检测QBC939细胞增殖率并计算半数抑制浓度(IC50);光学显微镜下观察细胞形态的改变;AnnexinⅤ/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况;用PI染色检测对QBC939细胞周期分布的影响;Western blot法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白及细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化。结果:CTE显著抑制QBC939细胞增殖,呈浓度及时间依赖性,处理48小时的IC50为4.16μg/ml。经光学显微镜下观察可见随着药物浓度增加,细胞密度减少,游离变圆的细胞明显增多。AnnexinⅤ/PI双染流式凋亡检测示,随着药物浓度的增加,凋亡细胞数量逐渐增加,药物处理组(1.25μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5.0μg/ml)的细胞凋亡率分别为(9.52±1.01)%、(15.62±1.88)%、(46.03±4.88)%,与对照组(4.59±0.43)%比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PI检测细胞周期示,CTE能将QBC939细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期,随药物浓度增加而增加,G2/M期细胞比例逐渐增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,而G1期细胞比例逐渐减少。Western blot检测示,CTE处理组细胞增殖相关蛋白增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达降低,相对蛋白表达量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Bcl-2家族蛋白Bax和Bid表达增加,而Bcl-2、Mcl-1表达降低,抑制凋亡蛋白家族蛋白Survivin表达显著下降,凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)表达下降,与对照组比较CTE处理组上述相对蛋白表达量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CTE处理组细胞周期相关蛋白Chk1表达无显著改变,相对蛋白表达量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),磷酸化的Chk1蛋白及p53蛋白表达逐渐增加,相对蛋白表达量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CTE显著抑制QBC939细胞增殖,诱导QBC939细胞凋亡,其可能机制与CTE调节凋亡相关蛋白表达,同时调节肿瘤细胞周期相关。     

上皮-间质转化在子宫腺肌病中作用的研究进展

子宫腺肌病(ADS)是子宫内膜腺体及间质侵入子宫肌层导致的以子宫局灶或弥漫性增大为主要改变的良性疾病,其具体发病机制尚不清楚。目前多数研究者认为ADS是基底层内膜细胞增生、侵入到肌层间质的结果。在上皮-间质转化(EMT)过程中,上皮细胞失去细胞极性,细胞间紧密连接和黏附连接减弱,获得了浸润性和游走迁移能力,成为具有间质细胞功能和特性的细胞。EMT在肿瘤形成中赋予细胞迁移、浸润的能力,而ADS发生、发展过程中子宫内膜细胞侵入肌层的生物学行为与之非常相似。已有研究表明EMT在ADS形成中具有重要作用。目前ADS的临床治疗面临较多的挑战,因此阐明ADS的发生机制是寻求临床早期预防、治疗ADS有效方法的关键。