浅谈不同年龄结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者甲状腺超声特征的临床比较

目的:给予不同年龄结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者实施甲状腺超声检查,对相应的超声检查特征展开分析。方法:选择2018年6月~2019年6月的114例患者为对象,所有患者均被确诊为结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌,并且利用甲状腺二维超声及多普勒超声对患者进行检查,依据患者年龄阶段均分为两组,每组中各纳入57例患者,年龄超过60岁以上的患者为老年组;年龄在60岁以下的患者为中青年组,对比两组患者的血流相关指标与钙化情况数据。结果:老年组中的平均收缩期流速、阻力指数等数据明显低于中青年组,且比较后P<0.05,具有临床可比较意义。老年组中钙化的总例数为21例,总钙化率占比为36.84%,中青年组中钙化的总例数为38例,总钙化率占比为66.67%,前者数据显著低于后者钙化率,P<0.05。结论:在对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者实施超声检查后,中青年组患者的病灶呈现低回声、高回声以及伴微小钙化、血流分布以内部血流为主、血流阻力大的特点明显高于老年组,能够显著提升诊断效果,为日后的临床治疗提供了图像依据。     

Preoperative comprehensive malignancy risk estimation for thyroid nodules: Development and verification of a network-based prediction model

BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAF^V600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy.     

术前SCC与CYFRA21-1在肺鳞癌患者表达上调及临床意义

目的 分析术前SCC、CYFRA21-1与肺鳞癌临床病理特征、预后之间的关系。方法 收集2017年3月~2018年4月在云南省肿瘤医院确诊的肺鳞癌患者100例为观察组，确诊为肺良性肿瘤患者90名为肺良性肿瘤组、以及正常人群90名为健康人群组。通过电化学发光法对SCC、CYFRA21-1两种指标进行检测。检测SCC、CYFRA21-1含量，分析在肺鳞癌中表达的临床意义。结果 SCC、CYFRA21-1在肺鳞癌中比在肺良性肿瘤、健康人群中含量要高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001），并且敏感性均高于其他两组；男性患者的SCC、CYFRA21-1含量高于女性患者，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；SCC、CYFRA21-1含量在年龄≥60岁的含量高于＜60岁患者，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；有吸烟史患者的SCC含量高于无吸烟史患者，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。CYFRA21-1在吸烟史患者中高表达，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；SCC、CYFRA21-1在有淋巴结转移、远处转移、肿瘤直径≥5 cm、病理分期为晚期时高表达，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；SCC、CYFRA21-1阳性患者OS、PFS比阴性患者短；SCC、CYFRA21-1两者之间呈正相关,相关系数（r）为0.630。结论 SCC、CYFRA21-1在肺鳞癌中表达上调；SCC、CYFRA21-1与性别之间存在某种内在联系；SCC、CYFRA21-1与肺鳞癌的TNM分期呈正相关；SCC、CYFRA21-1阳性患者OS、PFS比阴性患者短；SCC、CYFRA21-1两者之间呈正相关,相关系数（r）为0.630。     

乙肝相关性肝癌临床病理学特征与高敏C反应蛋白和溶血磷脂酸表达的相关性

目的探讨乙肝相关性肝癌临床病理学特征与溶血磷脂酸(LPA)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达的相关性。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月间河南省驻马店市中心医院收治的198例乙肝相关性肝癌患者作为乙肝组,198例酒精相关性肝癌患者作为酒精组。两组患者都进行血清hs-CRP和LPA表达检测,调查患者的病理学特征并进行相关性分析。结果乙肝组患者血清hs-CRP和LPA含量均高于酒精组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。两组患者血清ALP、AFP、ALT、AST和GGT含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。乙肝组不同临床分期和组织学分化患者的血清hs-CRP和LPA含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。乙肝组患者的临床分期和组织学分化与血清hs-CRP和LPA表达均存在相关性,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。患者的临床分期和组织学分化均为影响hs-CRP和LPA表达的重要因素,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。结论相对于酒精相关性肝癌,乙肝相关性肝癌的血清hs-CRP和LPA呈现高表达,与患者的临床病理学特征存在相关性。     

Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Risk of Radiotherapy Toxicity and Implications for Radiogenomics

AimsPatient factors affect the risk of radiotherapy toxicity, but many are poorly defined. Studies have shown that race affects cancer incidence, survival, drug response, molecular pathways and epigenetics. Effects on radiosensitivity and radiotherapy toxicity are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of race and ethnicity on the risk of radiotherapy toxicity.Materials and methodsA systematic review was carried out of PubMed, Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase with no year limit. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Two independent assessors reviewed papers.ResultsOf 607 papers screened, 46 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Papers were published between 1996 and 2021 and involved 30–28,354 individuals (median 433). Most involved patients with prostate (33%), breast (26%) and lung (9%) cancer. Both early and late toxicities were studied. Some studies reported a higher risk of toxicity in White men with prostate cancer compared with other races and ethnicities. For breast cancer patients, some reported an increased risk of toxicity in White women compared with other race and ethnic groups. In general, it was difficult to draw conclusions due to insufficient reporting and analysis of race and ethnicity in published literature.ConclusionsReporting of race and ethnicity in radiotherapy studies must be harmonised and improved and frameworks are needed to improve the quality of reporting. Further research is needed to understand how ancestral heritage might affect radiosensitivity and risk of radiotherapy toxicity.     

61例儿童脓疱型银屑病临床分析

目的：探讨儿童脓疱型银屑病(pustular psoriasis, PP)及各亚型的临床特征及治疗方案。方法：回顾性分析2013年12月至2018年6月在我院住院治疗的61例儿童PP患者的临床资料。 结果：本组资料共包括61例儿童PP，分为四个亚型：泛发型(generalized pustular psoriasis, GPP; von Zumbusch)35例，环形型(annular pustular psoriasis, APP)4例，寻常型银屑病伴脓疱型(psoriasis vulgaris with pustules, PVP)15例和红皮病型脓疱型银屑病(pustular erythrodermic psoriasis, PEP)7例。上呼吸道感染和药物停用是最常见的诱发因素。von Zumbusch发病年龄最小(8.0岁)，APP发病年龄最大(12岁)。除了PVP（0.67∶1），其余各型男童比例均高于女童，且PVP中合并PV和有银屑病家族史比例明显高于其他类型，分别为73.3%和40.0%。相反，von Zumbusch有银屑病家族史的比例最小(11.4%)，von Zumbusch和APP的主要治疗方案为一线治疗药物单一疗法联合基础治疗，阿维A是主要的治疗药物。基础治疗是PVP的主要治疗方案。PEP病情严重，需阿维A联合甲氨蝶呤和基础治疗药物。结论：儿童PP各亚型的临床特征及治疗方案存在差异，正确的分型有助于选择合理的治疗方案。     

左右半结肠癌病理特征及治疗新策略研究进展

结肠癌患者预后较差，全身系统治疗为目前常用基本策略。近年来的相关研究证据表明，发生在左半结肠和右半结肠的肿瘤病理学特征、分子发病机制及预后存在差异。目前对左、右半结肠癌之间存在的这种异质性差异尚无明确的区分对待策略，国内外指南也尚无定论，因而研究其临床病理特征及相关预后差异具有重要临床意义。笔者在复习相关文献的基础上，就此作一综述。     

Lung Cancer Risk in Never-Smokers of European Descent is Associated With Genetic Variation in the 5p15.33 TERT-CLPTM1Ll Region

IntroductionInherited susceptibility to lung cancer risk in never-smokers is poorly understood. The major reason for this gap in knowledge is that this disease is relatively uncommon (except in Asians), making it difficult to assemble an adequate study sample. In this study we conducted a genome-wide association study on the largest, to date, set of European-descent never-smokers with lung cancer.MethodsWe conducted a two-phase (discovery and replication) genome-wide association study in never-smokers of European descent. We further augmented the sample by performing a meta-analysis with never-smokers from the recent OncoArray study, which resulted in a total of 3636 cases and 6295 controls. We also compare our findings with those in smokers with lung cancer.ResultsWe detected three genome-wide statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms rs31490 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.769, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.722–0.820; p value 5.31 × 10^-16), rs380286 (OR: 0.770, 95% CI: 0.723–0.820; p value 4.32 × 10^-16), and rs4975616 (OR: 0.778, 95% CI: 0.730–0.829; p value 1.04 × 10^-14). All three mapped to Chromosome 5 CLPTM1L-TERT region, previously shown to be associated with lung cancer risk in smokers and in never-smoker Asian women, and risk of other cancers including breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate.ConclusionsWe found that genetic susceptibility to lung cancer in never-smokers is associated to genetic variants with pan-cancer risk effects. The comparison with smokers shows that top variants previously shown to be associated with lung cancer risk only confer risk in the presence of tobacco exposure, underscoring the importance of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of this disease.