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排序方式: 共有321条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
假体为基础的乳房重建(IBBR)可以减少或避免自体组织乳房重建手术供区的损伤和瘢痕,近十年来逐渐成为了乳腺癌术后主要的乳房重建方式,同时随着材料学的进步和乳腺外科的发展,补片材料辅助技术已经广泛应用于IBBR手术。特别是对于需要植入较大假体的病例,借助人工材料联合胸肌,起到“延伸”肌肉组织、无张力覆盖假体的作用,使重建乳房下皱襞更为饱满、自然,进一步降低手术创伤的同时也增加了重建乳房的美学效果。近期在国内进行的补片材料应用情况调查显示:我国区域经济发达状况和患者的经济条件是选择乳房重建和人工补片应用的主要因素。此外,由于中国女性乳房的形态特点不同于欧美女性,对于乳房体积较小的假体乳房重建,较少应用人工补片,因此,国内重建补片材料的应用更具个体化和区域性。  相似文献   
2.
The article presents characteristics of wood/polypropylene composites, where the wood was treated with propolis extract (EEP) and innovative propolis-silane formulations. Special interest in propolis for wood impregnation is due to its antimicrobial properties. One propolis-silane formulation (EEP-TEOS/VTMOS) consisted of EEP, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS), while the other (EEP-TEOS/OTEOS) contained EEP, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and octyltriethoxysilane (OTEOS). The treated wood fillers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the composites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy. The wood treated with EEP and propolis-silane formulations showed resistance against moulds, including Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, and Trichoderma viride. The chemical analyses confirmed presence of silanes and constituents of propolis in wood structure. In addition, treatment of wood with the propolis-silane formulations produced significant changes in nucleating abilities of wood in the polypropylene matrix, which was confirmed by an increase in crystallization temperature and crystal conversion, as well as a decrease in half-time of crystallization parameters compared to the untreated polymer matrix. In all the composites, the formation of a transcrystalline layer was observed, with the greatest rate recorded for the composite with the filler treated with EEP-TEOS/OTEOS. Moreover, impregnation of wood with propolis-silane formulations resulted in a considerable improvement of strength properties in the produced composites. A dependence was found between changes in the polymorphic structures of the polypropylene matrix and strength properties of composite materials. It needs to be stressed that to date literature sources have not reported on treatment of wood fillers using bifunctional modifiers providing a simultaneous effect of compatibility in the polymer-filler system or any protective effect against fungi.  相似文献   
3.
《Vaccine》2019,37(44):6696-6706
Live attenuated viral vaccine/vector candidates are inherently unstable and infectivity titer losses can readily occur without defining appropriate formulations, storage conditions and clinical handling practices. During initial process development of a candidate vaccine against HIV-1 using a recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus vector (rHCMV-1), large vector titer losses were observed after storage at 4 °C and after undergoing freeze-thaw. Thus, the goal of this work was to develop candidate frozen liquid formulations of rHCMV-1 with improved freeze-thaw and short-term liquid stability for potential use in early clinical trials. To this end, a virus stability screening protocol was developed including use of a rapid, in vitro cell-based immunofluorescence focus assay to quantitate viral titers. A library of ∼50 pharmaceutical excipients (from various known classes of additives) were evaluated for their effect on vector stability after freeze-thaw cycling or incubation at 4 °C for several days. Certain additives including sugars and polymers (e.g., trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, hydrolyzed gelatin, dextran 40) as well as removal of NaCl (lower ionic strength) protected rHCMV-1 against freeze-thaw mediated losses in viral titers. Optimized solution conditions (e.g., solution pH, buffers and sugar type) slowed the rate of rHCMV-1 titer losses in the liquid state at 4 °C. After evaluating various excipient combinations, three new candidate formulations were designed and rHCMV-1 stability was benchmarked against both the currently-used and a previously reported formulation. The new candidate formulations were significantly more stable in terms of reducing rHCMV-1 titer losses after 5 freeze-thaw cycles or incubation at 4 °C for 30 days. This case study highlights the utility of semi-empirical design of frozen liquid formulations of a live viral vaccine candidate, where protection against infectivity titer losses due to freeze-thaw and short-term liquid storage are sufficient to enable more rapid initiation of early clinical trials.  相似文献   
4.
Isotactic polypropylenes (iPP) with different melt flow indexes (MFI) were used to fabricate nanocomposites (NCs) with 10 wt % loadings of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using ultrasound-assisted extrusion methods to determine their effect on the morphology, melt flow, and electrical properties of the NCs. Three different types of iPPs were used with MFIs of 2.5, 34 and 1200 g/10 min. Four different NC fabrication methods based on melt extrusion were used. In the first method melt extrusion fabrication without ultrasound assistance was used. In the second and third methods, an ultrasound probe attached to a hot chamber located at the exit of the die was used to subject the sample to fixed frequency and variable frequency, respectively. The fourth method is similar to the first method, with the difference being that the carbon nanotubes were treated in a fluidized air-bed with an ultrasound probe before being used in the fabrication of the NCs with no ultrasound assistance during extrusion. The samples were characterized by MFI, Optical microscopy (OM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrical surface resistivity, and electric charge. MFI decreases in all cases with addition of MWCNTs with the largest decrease observed for samples with the highest MFI. The surface resistivity, which ranged from 1013 to 105 Ω/sq, and electric charge, were observed to depend on the ultrasound-assisted fabrication method as well as on the melt flow index of the iPP. A relationship between agglomerate size and area ratio with electric charge was found. Several trends in the overall data were identified and are discussed in terms of MFI and the different fabrication methods.  相似文献   
5.
Polymer nanocomposites are usually characterized using various methods, such as small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) or transmission electron microscopy, to gain insights into the morphology of the material. The disadvantages of these common characterization methods are that they are expensive and time consuming in terms of sample preparation and testing. In this work, near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) spectroscopy is used to characterize nanocomposites produced using a unique twin-screw mini-mixer, which is able to replicate, at ~25 g scale, the same mixing quality as in larger scale twin screw extruders. We correlated the results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, G′ and G″ from rotational rheology, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength with those of NIR spectroscopy. Our work has demonstrated that NIR-technology is suitable for quantitative characterization of such properties. Furthermore, the results are very promising regarding the fact that the NIR probe can be installed in a nanocomposite-processing twin screw extruder to measure inline and in real time, and could be used to help optimize the compounding process for increased quality, consistency, and enhanced product properties.  相似文献   
6.
通过硝酸氧化处理对椰壳类活性炭(AC)进行酸化改性,研究酸化条件(温度、时间、浓度)对AC酸值的影响,并考察不同酸值的AC对PP(聚丙烯)/NiO/AC复合材料成炭的影响。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪考察改性活性炭的比表面积及孔结构;以Beohm滴定实验、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征改性AC表面含氧官能团种类及含量;用马弗炉、扫描电镜(SEM)考察不同酸值的AC和NiO协效催化聚丙烯成炭及成炭结构。实验结果表明:硝酸处理后,AC比表面积和孔结构均有所变化;酸化条件对AC表面酸性官能团的含量影响显著,改性后表面酸性官能团含量明显增加,酸性官能团主要为-COOH、-CO和-OH;AC表面酸性官能团的增多促进了聚丙烯自身成炭能力,改善了残炭结构。  相似文献   
7.
Blending thermoplastic elastomers into polypropylene (PP) can make it have great potential for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation by improving its toughness. However, when a large amount of thermoplastic elastomer is blended, the electrical strength of PP will be decreased consequently, which cannot meet the electrical requirements of HVDC cables. To solve this problem, in this paper, the inherent structure of thermoplastic elastomer SEBS was used to construct acetophenone structural units on its benzene ring through Friedel–Crafts acylation, making it a voltage stabilizer that can enhance the electrical strength of the polymer. The DC electrical insulation properties and mechanical properties of acetylated SEBS (Ac-SEBS)/PP were investigated in this paper. The results showed that by doping 30% Ac-SEBS into PP, the acetophenone structural unit on Ac-SEBS remarkably increased the DC breakdown field strength of SEBS/PP by absorbing high-energy electrons. When the degree of acetylation reached 4.6%, the DC breakdown field strength of Ac-SEBS/ PP increased by 22.4% and was a little higher than that of PP. Ac-SEBS, with high electron affinity, is also able to reduce carrier mobility through electron capture, resulting in lower conductivity currents in SEBS/PP and suppressing space charge accumulation to a certain extent, which enhances the insulation properties. Besides, the highly flexible Ac-SEBS can maintain the toughening effect of SEBS, resulting in a remarkable increase in the tensile strength and elongation at the break of PP. Therefore, Ac-SEBS/PP blends possess excellent insulation properties and mechanical properties simultaneously, which are promising as insulation materials for HVDC cables.  相似文献   
8.
文题释义:轻质3D Max补片:是一种大网孔的轻质补片,适用于腹壁疝、腹股沟疝修补及软组织缺损重建当中。相较于传统的聚丙烯补片,轻质3D Max补片更轻,体内异物残留更少,且具有更佳的腹壁顺应性、更少的炎症反应,放置更容易,在减少创面、快速愈合、防止复发、易吸收等方面的优势明显。3D Max补片因其卓越的安全性、高效性、方便性,迅速受到临床医生的青睐。腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术:是近十几年来发展起来的一种治疗腹股沟疝的新兴技术,较之于传统的开放式无张力修补术,腹腔镜下能将补片放在更深的位置,降低复发率。同时,腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术还具有外观美观、创伤较小、患者痛苦感更轻、术后并发症少等诸多优点,近年来在临床腹股沟疝治疗中得到了推广应用。 背景:在腹股沟疝修补中基于单个补片特征的补片选择仍然存在争议,需要对疝气复发和补片特异性并发症的长期结局进行评估。 目的:比较腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术中应用轻质3D Max补片与普通聚丙烯补片对手术结局和患者生活质量影响。方法:选择2013年2月至2016年1月河北省秦皇岛军工医院收治的无并发症腹股沟疝患者142例,其中男131例,女11例,年龄18-60岁,计算机软件随机分为轻质3D Max补片组(n=80)和聚丙烯补片组(n=62)进行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补。收集患者的手术细节和结局、疝气复发率、并发症和住院费用等信息。分别于术前、术后2周及术后1,6,12和24个月采用卡罗来纳舒适量表评估患者的生活质量。试验已获得河北省秦皇岛军工医院伦理委员会批准,批准号:2013-002-02。结果与结论:①轻质3D Max补片组的手术时间、术后卧床时间和住院费用少于聚丙烯补片组(P < 0.05),术后血清肿发生率低于聚丙烯补片组(7.5%,21.5%,P < 0.001);两组疝气复发率与其他并发症发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②轻质3D Max补片组术后2周、1个月的疼痛感觉评分少于聚丙烯补片组(P < 0.05),两组术后2周及1,6,12,24个月的总生活质量评分与疝气感觉、运动受限等评分比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③结果表明与聚丙烯补片相比,轻质3D Max补片可有效缩短疝修补手术时间,降低住院费用和术后短期慢性疼痛的发生率。ORCID: 0000-0001-5676-0824(侯海生) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程  相似文献   
9.
Preplaced Aggregate Fibrous Concrete (PAFC) is a newly minted composite that has recently become more popular. The production of PAFC involves two essential processes; first, the fibres and coarse aggregate were filled into the empty framework to form the first layer of a natural skeleton, followed by grout injecting. A cement grout fills the voids in the first layer skeleton with slight compaction. This process is repeated to complete the remaining layers; hence, a type of Functionally-graded Preplaced Aggregate Fibrous Concrete (FPAFC) is obtained. The most recent studies revealed that the literature regarding the high-velocity projectile impact on fibrous concrete is well documented; however, the low-velocity repeated projectile impact on PAFC is still unexplored and needs particular emphasis. This research aims to investigate the FPAFC made with a new type of steel and polypropylene fibres against low-velocity projectile impact to fill this research gap. In the current study, twelve mixes were prepared with mono and hybrid combinations of fibres for pioneering the possible utilization of fibres in FPAFC. The maximum fibre dosage in this study is limited to 2.4%. The projectile impact resistance of FPAFC was assessed in line with penetration depth, front and rear damage surface area, weight loss, damage ratio and failure pattern. Additionally, a simplified analytical model was introduced to compute the ejected composite mass from the tested specimens. The results revealed that the addition of steel fibre in a single layer FPAFC exhibited an increasing compressive strength trend compared to the two/three-layered FPAFC. Furthermore, increasing the dosage of fibre at the bottom and top layers of FPAFC with a hybrid combination alleviates the spalling with an increasing number of impacts. The results from this research offer the reference information for more detailed research and studies of FPAFC under low-velocity projectile impact.  相似文献   
10.
The thermal stability of several isotactic polypropylenes and propylene‐co‐1‐nonene copolymers is assessed under nitrogen by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The samples involve wide ranges of molecular weight, isotactic average length, and 1‐nonene content, in order to perform a comprehensive analysis of the effect that chain features exert on the apparent activation energy (Ea), in the initial stages of the molten state degradation. The degradation process correlates with chain mobility and, accordingly, with chain features that are linked to. Thus, microstructure and chain size are found to play a key role. In fact, isotactic average length of propylene sequences and molecular weight are driving factors in the Ea required for main chain thermal scission.  相似文献   
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