A comparison of different surfactants on foam stability in foam sclerotherapy in vitro

Objective

This article compares the effect of different surfactants on foam stability and determines the foam decay relationship, so that the suitability of surfactants in a clinical setting can be evaluated.

Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3’UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1 and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA.     

Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3’UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA.     

Development and characterisation of levosulpiride-loaded suppositories with improved bioavailability in vivo

The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize levosulpiride loaded liquid suppository with improved bioavailability. The content of levosulpiride-loaded liquid suppositories were optimized in a series of experiments using various weight ratios of P188, P407, Tween 80, and drug. The suppositories were liquid at room temperature, however, when rectally administered, they became gel at body temperature. Their rheological properties and release characteristics were determined in vitro while pharmacokinetic study was performed after its rectal administration in rats and compared with drug suspension. Poloxamer 188 and Twee 80 decreased the gelation temperature and gelation time, but increased the gel strength and mucoadhesive force of liquid suppositories. Liquid suppository composed of [Levosulpiride/P 188/P 407/Tween 80 (1/15/17/3%)] with a gelation temperature of about 30.7?°C remained liquid at 25?°C, but converted to gel at 30–36.5?°C, resulting in easy administration and rapid gelation inside the body. This liquid suppository gave a considerably increased dissolution rate reflected in a meaningfully higher plasma concentration and 7.1-fold AUC values of levosulpiride in rats as compared to the drug suspension. Hence, liquid suppository system could be used for enhanced bioavailability of levosulpiride-loaded pharmaceutical products.     

Preparation and first biological evaluation of novel Re-188/Tc-99m peptide conjugates with substance-P

IntroductionNew ¹⁸⁸Re and ^99mTc peptide conjugates with substance- P (SP) were prepared and biologically evaluated. The radiopharmaceuticals have been labelled with the [M≡N]²⁺ (M=^99mTc, ¹⁸⁸Re) core using a combination of π-donor tridentate and π-acceptor monodentate ancillary ligands.MethodsThe new radiopharmaceuticals have been prepared through a two-step reaction by simultaneous addition of the tridentate and monodentate ligands to a vial containing a preformed [M≡N]²⁺ core. The tridentate ligand was formed by linking two cysteine residues to the terminal arginine of the undecapeptide SP, whereas the monodentate ligand was a tertiary phosphine. The preparation of the corresponding Re-188 derivative required developing a more complex chemical procedure to obtain the [Re≡N]²⁺ core in satisfactory yields. Characterization of the resulting products was obtained by chromatographic methods. Biological evaluation was performed for both Tc-99m and Re-188 derivatives by in-vitro studies on isolated cells expressing NK1-receptors. In-vivo imaging in mice was carried out using a small-animal YAP(S)PET tomograph.ConclusionNew Tc-99m and Re-188 peptide radiopharmaceuticals with SP have been prepared in high-yield and with high-specific activity. Both Tc-99m and Re-188 peptide radioconjugates exhibit high affinity for NK1 receptors, thus giving further evidence to the empirical rule that structurally related Tc-99m and Re-188 radiopharmaceuticals exhibit identical biological properties.     

抗菌纳米银原位凝胶的制备和体外药效评价

目的制备纳米银并考察其原位凝胶体外抑菌效果。方法以硝酸银为原料,采用银氨络离子还原法,在低温下制备纳米银。以泊洛沙姆407和188作为温敏性原位凝胶基质,制备纳米银原位凝胶,考察其体外抑菌效果。结果纳米银平均粒径为10 nm,zeta电位为-8.91mV。纳米银原位凝胶体外抑制金黄色葡萄球菌效果优于已上市的纳米银抗菌液,抑菌圈明显,直径为2.6 cm。结论纳米银原位凝胶抑菌效果显著,使用方便,适用于细菌感染的处理和治疗。     

Assessment of 188Re marked anti MHC class Ⅱ antibody by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by donor alloantigen

Background Previous studies showed that anti MHC-Ⅱ monoclone antibody (MAb) only had partial inhibiting effect of alloreactive mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro and it was unsteady and non-persistent. The aim of this research was to determine whether radioactive isotope 188Re marked MHC-Ⅱ antibody could benefit the allograft acceptance in transplantation as compared to normal MHC-Ⅱ antibody.Methods 188Re was incorporated to 2E9/13F(ab')2 which is against swine MHC class Ⅱ antigen (MAb-188Re). Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells were examined for proliferation and cytokine mRNA expression after stimulation with MHC-Ⅱ MAb or MAb-188Re.Results The proliferative response of recipient PBMCs in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) to donor alloantigen showed that the stimulation index of MAb-188Re group was significantly lower than the MHC-Ⅱ MAb group and control (P＜0.05). mRNA expression of interleukin 2, interferon Y and tumor necrosis factor α (type 1 cytokines) was lower in MAb-188Re group than the MHC-Ⅱ MAb group, while interleukin 10 (type 2 cytokines) was higher in MAb-188Re group in the first 24 hours.Conclusion MAb-188Re could help the graft acceptance by inhibiting T cell proliferation, lowering the expression of type 1 cytokines and elevating the type 2 cytokines produced by PBMC.     

188Re-DTPA-DG的制备及其在正常小鼠体内分布的研究

用氯化亚锡作还原剂，以^188Re标记二乙三胺五乙酸-脱氧葡萄糖（DTPA—DG），纸层析法鉴定^188Re—DTPA-DG的放化纯度、标记稳定性。取昆明种小鼠经尾静脉注射^188Re—DTPA—DG，观察其体内分布及显像情况。结果^188Re—DTPA—DG放化纯度〉95％，室温体外稳定；^188Re—DTPA—DG在正常小鼠血液中清除快，脑、肺、小肠、肌肉未见明显分布，主要经肾脏随尿液排出体外。提示^188Re—DTPA—DG有望成为集肿瘤SPECT显像、诊断和治疗于一体的新型葡萄糖类似物。