肝撞击伤后腹腔镜二氧化碳气腹对胃血流量影响的实验研究

目的 探讨肝撞击伤后腹腔镜CO2气腹状态下胃血流量的变化及胃粘膜组织病理学变化。方法 建立肝撞击伤动物模型，按从股动脉抽血量的不同（6、12ml／kg）以及CO2气腹压力的不同（5、10、15mmHg），将45只新西兰兔随机分为6组（Ⅰ～Ⅵ）。采用彩色微球法检测气腹前、气腹30分钟、气腹2小时以及撤去气腹后30分钟共4个时相点的胃血流量的变化，并在实验结束后取胃黏膜作病理检查。结果当失血达6ml／kg、CO2气腹压力达5mmHg，气腹2小时以及撤去气腹后30分钟的胃血流量较气腹前呈明显下降；当失血达6ml／kg、CO2气腹压力达10mmHg、在气腹30分钟以及气腹2小时时胃血流量呈显著下降（P〈0．05），当撤去气腹后胃血流量逐渐恢复正常。当失血量达6ml／kg和12ml／kg，CO2气腹压力在10mmHg时，虽然气腹30分钟，胃血流量无显著下降（P〉0．05），但6ml／kg组胃血流量在气腹2小时时则显著下降（P〈0．05），撤去气腹后胃血流量逐渐恢复。而当失血达6ml／kg和12ml／kg，CO2气腹压力达15mmHg时，胃血流量在气腹30分钟时即显著下降（P〈0．05）。当失血量相同，在不同的CO2气腹压力下，胃血流量在气腹30分钟时均无显著差别（P〉0．05）。本组胃组织病理学显示，胃缺血后胃黏膜间质呈现明显水肿，并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润。结论肝撞击伤后，在CO2气腹状态下胃血流量的变化受失血量、气腹压力以及气腹持续时间3因素的影响较大。胃血流量减少均导致各组胃黏膜的病理学改变。     

三氧化二砷对CO2气腹下小鼠肿瘤腹壁戳口种植影响的实验研究

目的 研究腹腔内注射三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)对小鼠CO2气腹下肝癌H22转移的影响. 方法 昆明鼠40只(清洁级),中腹部穿刺置入1 mm套管针,自套管针注入1×106肿瘤细胞后,建立CO2气腹,压力8 mm Hg,时间30 min.术后随机分4组,每组10只,分别腹腔内注入生理盐水,1 ml;As2O3(2 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4mg/kg)+肝素(10 U/ml),共1 ml.气腹后第3、7天测量肿瘤黏附因子(CD44)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的变化;比较各组生存状态、腹围、体重变化及转移瘤直径.结果 气腹后第3、7天,与对照组相比,各As2O3组CD44、VEGF表达均明显降低(P＜0.05).2个高剂量组的气腹后第3天VEGF、第7天CD44比低剂量组降低明显(P＜0.05).4组戳口种植率分别为9/10、8/10、7/10、6/10,差异无显著性(x2=2.667,P=0.446). 结论 As2O3对CO2气腹腹腔镜肿瘤生长转移有抑制作用.     

Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the CO2 pneumoperitoneum (CO2-PP)

Experimental studies demonstrated a severe cardiac load of the CO₂ pneumoperitoneum caused by an accelerated after- and a decreased preload. Patients displaying cardiovascular risks are therefore often rejected from laparoscopic surgery. Hence, the pathophysiological changes and the intraoperative risk of the CO₂ pneumoperitoneum in high-risk cardiopulmonary patients (NYHA II–III, n= 15) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy are described. The changes in cardiac after- and preload seem to be due to the elevated intraabdominal pressure rather than transperitoneally resorbed CO₂ and are reversible by desufflation. In one patient conversion to open operation had to be performed because of a severe drop in cardiac output and right ventricle ejection fraction. Mixed oxygen saturation was predicting intraoperative worsening in this case. The described pathophysiological changes may seem to be well tolerated even in high-risk cardiac patients. Monitoring of hemodynamics should include an arterial catheter line and blood gas analyses. Pharmacologic interventions or pressureless laparoscopic procedures might not be necessary as long as laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed. Received: 13 December 1996/Accepted: 8 January 1997     

腹腔镜胆囊切除高龄患者血液流变性变化的研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术对高龄患者血液流变性的影响 ,进一步认识腹腔镜胆囊切除术的特点。方法 :对 4 0名腹腔胆囊切除术高龄患者气腹前、气腹中、气腹后和术后第一天的全血粘度 (ηb)、血浆粘度 (ηP)、红细胞聚集指数 (EAI)、血沉方程K值 (ESRK)、血球压积 (HCT)和纤维蛋白原 (Fib)进行了检测比较和分析。结果 :高龄患者气腹后患者血液流变性和检测指标有明显的变化 ,气腹消除后未明显缓解 (P <0 .0 5 )。术后第一天 ,变化的指标恢复到气腹前水平 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :在一定控制范围内的气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除高龄患者的血液动力学方面虽未引起明显的变化 ,但对血液流变性产生了影响 ,这种影响在气腹消除后仍可持续一段时间     

Laparoscopic repair of a diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni

A 78-year-old woman is described who presented with a diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni. A definitive diagnosis was confirmed by a sagittal view on magnetic resonance imaging prior to surgery. The hernia was repaired laparoscopically under an abdominal wall lifting technique without pneumoperitoneum, and her symptoms completely resolved postoperatively with no evidence of recurrence. The laparoscopic repair was considered a suitable and safe procedure for the treatment of a Morgagni hernia. Received: 3 April 1996/Accepted: 3 May 1996     

EMPHYSEMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS CAN CAUSE PNEUMOPERITONEUM

A case of emphysematous cholecystitis with gall-bladder perforation, resulting in free intraperitoneal gas, is presented. It adds to only nine previous reports. A successful outcome was achieved by early surgery, combined with appropriate antibiotic therapy.     

CO2气腹对结肠癌细胞侵袭能力影响的体外研究

目的研究不同压强持续性CO2气腹处理对结肠癌细胞侵袭能力的影响。方法建立体外气腹模型,选用人结肠癌细胞株SW1116,分别在不同压强(6、9、12及15mmHg)99.5%医用CO2气体以及常规培养条件下暴露1h,取各压强组处理后0h和72h细胞,使用体外细胞侵袭实验模型进行体外侵袭实验。结果气腹处理后即刻(0h),15mmHg压强组结肠癌细胞侵袭荧光强度(11.36±0.861)明显低于处理前(13.43±1.113),差异有统计学意义(P=0.019),且明显低于其他各组(6mmHg组:15.58±1.015,P=0.000;9mmHg组:13.49±0.750,P=0.011;12mmHg组:13.37±0.949,P=0.016;常规培养组:13.43±2.027,P=0.014);6mmHg压强组处理后细胞侵袭荧光强度(15.58±1.015)高于处理前(14.42±1.491),但差异尚未达到统计学意义(P=0.056),且显著高于其他各压强组(9mmHg组:P=0.013;12mmHg组:P=0.009;15mmHg组:P=0.000;常规培养组:P=0.011)。气腹处理后72h,各压强组处理前、后的结肠癌细胞侵袭荧光强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);处理后各压强组间的结肠癌细胞侵袭荧光强度差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CO2气腹能对结肠癌细胞的侵袭能力产生一过性影响,随着CO2气腹压强的增高,结肠癌细胞的侵袭能力可能受到抑制。     

A SAFE,NEW APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING A PNEUMOPERITONEUM AT LAPAROSCOPY

The traditional method of establishing a pneumoperitoneum before laparoscopic surgery is via a Verres needle inserted in the midline below the umbilicus while tenting the abdominal wall with the hand. A new approach is described in which preliminary surgical exposure and tenting of the linea alba immediately above the umbilicus is achieved before needle insertion through the superior margin of the umbilical ring. The advantages of this new technique over the conventional method are discussed. Further technical features important in the safe formation of the pneumoperitoneum are emphasized.     

Low-pressure Pneumoperitoneum for Laparoscopic Surgery Using a Disposable,Flexible Abdominal Wall Retractor

Abstract: Since April 1991, we have studied 160 patients who had had a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nine patients who presented with chronic cholecystitis with severe local adhesion and who were also considered to require a longer operative time were selected as suitable candidates for this procedure. They were successfully treated under a zero- to four-mmHg low-pressured pneumoperitoneum procedure combined with total abdominal wall lifting using a disposable, flexible vinyl tube retractor. This method enabled exactly the same clear laparoscopic vision as is possible in the routinely-used high-pressure pneumoperitoneum even in the marginal portions of the abdominal cavity. Moreover, it facilitated early reinsufflation after the cauterization-produced smoke was exhausted, which minimized the operative time and reduced the surgeon's anxiety concerning the maintenance of a sufficiently airtight condition. We believe that this low-pressure pneumopeqitoneum procedure also benefits the poor-risk patient who has restricted cardiopulmonary function, especially during advanced laparoscopic surgery which requires a longer operative and anesthetic time.     

Handlebar hernia with intra-abdominal extraluminal air presenting as a novel form of traumatic abdominal wall hernia: Report of a case

An 18-year-old male was admitted to our Emergency Department with a traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) of the left lower quadrant (LLQ) after suffering hypogastric blunt injury and urogenital lacerations in a motorcycle accident. Upright chest X-ray showed a small amount of right infradiaphragmatic free air, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated an abdominal wall hernia. At surgery, no impairment was found in the digestive tract, and an abdominal herniorrhaphy was performed. It is suggested that the free air had passed through a connection between the scrotal laceration and the contralateral abdominal defect via the subcutaneous space and was palpated as emphysema. This is a new type of TAWH, which suggests that blunt abdominal trauma may result in negative pressure in the subcutaneous and peritoneal cavity, and this could reflect the pathophysiology of TAWH.