机场应急救护“三无”演练的探索与运用

应急救护演练是提升机场应急救护能力的重要方法。但机场医疗应急救护演练如无不能体现突然性和不确定性,就起不到应有作用。本文从分析机场突发紧急事件、机场应急救护演练的特点入手,提出机场应急救护演练中需重点加强的方面,同时借鉴某机场应急救护演练的成功经验,认为“三无”演练是一种值得探索与运用的演练方式。     

失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练在新入职护士培训中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练在新入职护士培训中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年医院外科手术室新入职护士31人为对照组,另选2020年医院新入职护士31人为观察组,对照组实施常规培训方法,观察组在对照组基础上实施失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练,比较两组应用效果。结果:干预后观察组护士急救相关核心制度、急救抢救药物知识、抢救流程、紧急手术各类应急预案评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组护士除颤仪、呼吸机、心肺复苏仪、徒手心肺复苏操作技能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组护士抢救配合能力、案例分析能力、应急处理能力、学习兴趣、沟通能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护士工作能力优良率为96.77%,高于对照组的70.97%(P<0.05)。结论:失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练应用于新入职护士培训中,不仅可有效提高其理论知识水平、操作技能及综合能力,还能提高其工作能力优良率。     

Aspects of the design of modern dental air turbine handpieces*

Air turbine handpieces are manufactured with a wide range of alternative design features which may influence their suitability for particular clinical procedures. In this article a general account of these features is presented and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Some deficiencies in current methods of stating equipment specifications are reported and suggested improvements are given. Where appropriate, general recommendations are made regarding handpiece selection for clinical practice.     

Accuracy of drilling guides for transfer from three-dimensional CT-based planning to placement of zygoma implants in human cadavers

Abstract: The accuracy of surgical drilling guides was assessed for placement of zygoma implants. Six zygoma fixtures of length 45 mm (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) were placed in three formalin‐fixed human cadavers using surgical drilling guides. The fabrication of these custom‐made drilling guides was based on three‐dimensional computerized tomography (3D‐CT) data for the maxillary‐zygomatic complex. The installation of the implants was simulated preoperatively using an adopted 3D‐CT planning system. In addition, anatomical measurements of the zygomatic bone were performed on the 3D images. The preoperative CT images were then matched with postoperative ones in order to assess the deviation between the planned and installed implants. The angle between the planned and actually placed implants was < 3° in four out of six cases. The largest deviation found at the exit point of one of the six implants was 2.7 mm. The present study showed that the use of surgical drilling guides should be encouraged for zygoma implant placement because of the lengths of the implants involved and the anatomical intricacies of the region.     

Design of a chattering-free integral terminal sliding mode approach for DFIG-based wind energy systems

This article proposes a Fuzzy Second Order Integral Terminal Sliding Mode (FSOITSM) control approach for DFIG-based wind turbines subject to grid faults and parameter variations. Since traditional terminal sliding mode control (SMC) suffers from singularity, a novel integral terminal sliding manifold is proposed to eliminate chattering and improve the wind turbine's performance in the presence of faults and disturbances. A fuzzy system is proposed to auto-tune the controllers' gains and ensures the invariance of the sliding surfaces even under heavy uncertainties, thus further improving the reliability and performance of the proposed controller. The performance of the proposed approach was assessed under various operating conditions. A comparison analysis with a standard SMC approach as well as the state of the art in voltage sag mitigation was also carried over. Reliability, robustness, and power availability under faulty grid conditions are among the main features of the proposed approach. In addition, the proposed approach exhibited chattering free dynamics and enabled the finite time convergence of the sliding manifold and overcame the singularity problem associated with standard TSMC.     

两种方法在拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙中的疗效比较

目的:观察和比较两种拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙的临床疗效。方法:门诊200例下颌阻生第三磨牙随机分为两组,各100颗。分别采用传统锤凿去骨法和涡轮机去骨法拔除,记录手术时间、术后疼痛、张口受限等情况并进行统计学分析。结果:两种手术方法在手术时间、术后疼痛、张口受限、肿胀程度等方面有统计学差异(P<0.05),传统锤凿去骨组出现干槽症与下唇麻木分别为5例和1例,涡轮机去骨组分别为1例和0例,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统锤凿去骨法相比,采用涡轮机去骨法拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙手术时间短,术后并发症较少,值得临床推广。     

禽流感现场消毒演练中发现的问题与改进效果观察

目的考察卫生防疫部门对禽流感现场消毒处理能力和效果,找出存在问题,以便改进。方法按疫源地消毒要求,进行了实际操作演练。结果库存的15台背负式消毒喷雾器,有4台各出现机械故障,不能使用;所使用的99洗消净有效成分含量测定结果明显低于标签标示值。演练时部分消毒人员对消毒剂的配制浓度和使用剂量把握不准确。第1次演练的消毒合格率为83.8%(201/240)。经过培训消毒员、维修喷雾器和更换消毒剂,第2次演练的消毒合格率为100%(240/240)。结论经过禽流感现场消毒演练,发现了问题,消毒处理合格率比较低;经实施相应的改进对策,再一次演练取得了良好的结果。     

微创去腐技术治疗患者龋齿的临床效果评价

目的:分析微创去腐技术治疗患者龋齿的临床效果。方法:将98例龋齿患者分为观察组和对照组。观察组患者52例,采用微创去腐技术治疗龋齿;对照组患者46例,采用传统高速牙钻去腐治疗龋齿。结果:观察组患者的疼痛评分低于对照组,两组患者的单牙治疗时间、治疗后20个月时充填物完好率对比P>0.05,并发症对比P<0.05。结论:微创去腐技术治疗龋齿患者效果显著。     

脑出血患者微创引流术后颅内感染的临床分析

目的探讨不同抗菌药物给药途径治疗脑出血患者微创钻颅置管外引流术后颅内感染的临床疗效。方法选择2009年1月-2013年6月72例脑出血行微创钻颅置管外引流术后颅内感染患者为研究对象,将36例行全身给药+腰穿后鞘内注射为A组,25例行全身给药+腰大池引流+鞘内注射为B组,11例行全身给药+脑脊液生理盐水置换为C组,比较3组患者治疗前后脑脊液常规指标差异,治疗期间不同时点脑脊液中的药物浓度以及患者的临床效果。结果 3组患者治疗后颅内压、脑脊液各项指标平均值恢复正常,颅内压值从高到低依次为C、A、B组,差异有统计学意义(F=12.341,P<0.05),C组氯化钠含量较A、B两组低,差异有统计学意义(F=4.621,P<0.05);B组患者治疗后不同时点脑脊液中药物浓度均为最高,C组明显低于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组患者各项指标恢复时间中B组时间最短,C组最长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组均无明显不良反应发生。结论鞘内抗菌药物注射结合全身抗感染治疗能有效治疗颅内感染,其中腰大池置管引流比多次腰穿更能保证脑脊液中药物浓度,缩短治疗时间。     

应用高速涡轮手机分牙拔除阻生智齿124例临床体会

目的：为了进一步探讨应用高速涡轮手机拔除阻生智齿临床实际效果,并与传统的拔牙方法的临床效果进行对比,从而为相关研究提供借鉴和参考。方法：选取2010年12月-2012年12月本院收治的阻生智齿患者124例为研究对象进行了回顾性研究。将患者按随机随机数字表法将患者分为传统拔牙组（n=62）和高速涡轮手机组（n=62）,比较两组相关临床指标。结果：（1）在拔牙时间、肿胀度、张口受限度、拔牙窝完整性上,高速涡轮手机组均显著优于传统拔牙组（P〈0.05）;（2）高速涡轮手机组的心理畏惧情况显著优于传统拔牙组（P〈0.05）;（3）高速涡轮手机组的临床满意度显著高于传统拔牙组（P〈0.05）。结论：在临床拔除阻生智齿的实践过程中,采用高速涡轮手机的方法进行治疗的临床效果显著,是临床除阻生智齿的可靠选择。