European consensus on patient contact shielding

Patient contact shielding has been in use for many years in radiology departments in order to reduce the effects and risks of ionising radiation on certain organs. New technologies in projection imaging and CT scanning such as digital receptors and automatic exposure control (AEC) systems have reduced doses and improved image consistency. These changes and a greater understanding of both the benefits and the risks from the use of shielding have led to a review of shielding use in radiology. A number of professional bodies have already issued guidance in this regard. This paper represents the current consensus view of the main bodies involved in radiation safety and imaging in Europe: European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics, European Federation of Radiographer Societies, European Society of Radiology, European Society of Paediatric Radiology, EuroSafe Imaging, European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), and European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR). It is based on the expert recommendations of the Gonad and Patient Shielding (GAPS) Group formed with the purpose of developing consensus in this area. The recommendations are intended to be clear and easy to use. They are intended as guidance, and they are developed using a multidisciplinary team approach. It is recognised that regulations, custom and practice vary widely on the use of patient shielding in Europe and it is hoped that these recommendations will inform a change management program that will benefit patients and staff.     

ICRU89号报告的解读——放射物理篇

本篇综述对ICRU89号报告的放射物理相关内容进行了详细解读,希望为从事宫颈癌近距离放射治疗的同仁在放射物理相关方面提供借鉴。     

A primer of diving physiology for orthopaedic surgeons

So called Caisson's disease of bone is well recognized in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to move away from simply considering the orthopaedic aspects of avascular injury to bones and joints and provide some background physiology and physics to help understand the challenges encountered whilst diving. This is relevant to those working with professional divers. Either commercially or within the military setting, and some guidance will be provided for those involved in the acute care of divers injured or affected by the problems covered within this article. It is recommended that acute units that deal with diving accidents have established protocols to deal with the issues covered, including access to hyperbaric chambers.     

冠心病患者颈总动脉超声检测和物理性状研究

目的　研究冠心病患者颈总动脉内中膜厚度 (IMT)、斑块发生率、部分血流动力学参数和物理性状参数值。方法　用二维彩色多普勒超声检测 81例冠心病患者和 3 2例相同年龄组正常人的颈总动脉内径、IMT、斑块发生率和部分血流动力学参数 ,结合肱动脉收缩压和舒张压 ,计算颈总动脉的硬化指数、动脉可扩张度、动脉顺应性、血管壁周向扩张率。结果　冠心病组颈总动脉管径增宽 (0 .0 5 >P >0 .0 1) ,IMT明显增厚 (P <0 .0 1) ,血流速度下降 (0 .0 5 >P >0 .0 1或P <0 .0 1) ,斑块探测率明显高于对照组 (60 .49%vs 9.3 8% ) ,动脉硬化指数显著升高 ,动脉可扩展度、顺应性和血管壁周向扩张率明显降低。结论　 2D CDUS可清楚显示冠心病患者颈总动脉的动脉粥样硬化表现 ,动脉物理性状参数值能为判断动脉粥样硬化 ,进而诊断冠心病提供有价值的指标。     

Computed tomography of the orbit – A review and an update

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit have been competing for the hearts and minds of health care providers for well over 2 decades. While several drawbacks pertaining to CT have been outlined since the introduction of MRI, CT remains the standard diagnostic test for evaluating cross-sectional, 2 or 3-dimensional images of the body.     

中医学“气一元论”的跨学科解析

目的：解析中医＂气一元论＂的科学内涵。方法：从现代物理学、生物学、基因学等角度,运用这些学科的现代研究成果,解析了中医＂气一元论＂的基本内容,揭示了中医学独特的整体思维的科学性。结果：中医学＂气一元论＂有着坚实科学内涵。结论：现代自然科学间的多学科的交叉研究是诠释中医内涵的必由之路。     

Economical Sponge Phantom for Teaching,Understanding, and Researching A‐ and B‐Line Reverberation Artifacts in Lung Ultrasound

This project evaluated a low‐cost sponge phantom setup for its capability to teach and study A‐ and B‐line reverberation artifacts known from lung ultrasound and to numerically simulate sound wave interaction with the phantom using a finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) model. Both A‐ and B‐line artifacts were reproducible on B‐mode ultrasound imaging as well as in the FDTD‐based simulation. The phantom was found to be an easy‐to‐set up and economical tool for understanding, teaching, and researching A‐ and B‐line artifacts occurring in lung ultrasound. The FDTD method–based simulation was able to reproduce the artifacts and provides intuitive insight into the underlying physics.