补肾壮骨方对去卵巢大鼠骨结构和骨代谢作用的研究

目的研究补肾壮骨方对骨质疏松大鼠骨结构和骨代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法用SD雌性大鼠复制去卵巢骨质疏松模型,然后分别灌服补肾壮骨方水提液高剂量(1.4 g/kg)和低剂量(0.7 g/kg)12周。用生化法测定血清钙(S-Ca)、血清磷(S-P)、尿钙(U-Ca/Cr),尿磷(U-P/Cr)以及血清中高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)的含量;Elisa法测定I型胶原氨基端前肽(procollagen I N-terminal propeptide,PINP)、I型胶原羧基端肽(collagen I carboxyl terminal peptide,CTX-I)、尿脱氧吡啶啉(deoxypyridine,DPD)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)的含量;用放免法测定血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)的活性;用双能X线(DEXA)法、Viva CT和万能试验机测定骨密度、骨微结构和骨生物力学特性;用Western blot法测定骨组织蛋白酶(cathepsin)K表达。结果补肾壮骨方水提液能升高血清中的钙、磷、HDL-C和PINP的含量,降低血清中TC、TG、LDL、ALP、OCN和CTX-I及尿液中的钙、磷、DPD的含量。同时,补肾壮骨方水提液可以升高去卵巢大鼠股骨的骨密度,改善骨微结构,增加骨强度,降低胫骨Cathepsin K的表达水平。结论补肾壮骨方水提液能够抑制去卵巢大鼠的骨量丢失和骨强度下降,改善去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢,其作用机制可能与抑制Cathepsin K的表达有关。     

尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能衰竭临床研究

目的:观察尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)的临床疗效及其对钙磷代谢、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的影响。方法:选取120例CRF患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组采用常规治疗,包括控制饮食、纠正酸碱、水电解质平衡;观察组在对照组的基础上加用尿毒清颗粒治疗。2组均连续治疗2个月,观察比较2组肾功能[肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)]、血磷(P3-)、血钙(Ca2+)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、CTGF指标水平变化,并评定2组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果:观察组总有效率为80.00%,对照组为61.67%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SCr、BUN水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组SCr、BUN水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组PTH、CTGF、P3-水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05),Ca2+水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05);观察组PTH、P3-、CTGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),Ca2+水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为3.33%,对照组为16.67%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:尿毒清颗粒治疗CRF临床疗效显著,可有效调节钙磷代谢、CTGF平衡,改善肾功能,且安全性较高。     

Screening for Metabolic Bone Disease of prematurity

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) of prematurity remains a significant comorbid condition in preterm, low birth weight infants. As the majority of in utero calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Phos) accretion occurs during the third trimester, many of these children have inadequate mineral stores and are at risk for deficiencies of Ca and Phos. While fortification of formula has allowed for increased mineral delivery to premature infants, intestinal immaturity prevents optimal absorption. This is compounded by immobilization, delayed establishment of enteral feeds, long term parenteral nutrition and medications that may alter mineral levels. Over time, biochemical changes occur and accompany MBD, with poor bone mineralization during this period increasing the risk for complications such as osteopenia, rickets and fractures. Screening is largely based on risk factors, but despite the 2013 AAP Consensus Statement, there remains significant variation in screening practices across institutions. A combination of laboratory and radiologic testing is often used to diagnose and manage MBD of prematurity, but there exists a lack of consensus on which screening tests and thresholds to use. This is in part related to a lack of normative data and clinical trials for preterm infants, and a result, a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis and timing of potential treatment. Biochemical markers, such as serum Phos, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), have shown some benefit in the diagnosis of MBD in some studies, but have not always been reproducible. Radiographs may identify different degrees of skeletal changes, but these changes may not be detected until later in MBD development. Other modalities, such as DXA and ultrasound, have also been used, but these may be limited by lack of standards in preterm infants or lack of availability in some centers. Further research, more specifically clinical trials, are needed to determine which combination of tests can detect MBD at its earliest, in order to promote early treatment and prevent short- and long-term complications of MBD.     

Inherently decoupled 1H antennas and 31P loops for metabolic imaging of liver metastasis at 7 T

High field ³¹P spectroscopy has thus far been limited to diffuse liver disease. Unlike lower field‐strength scanners, there is no body coil in the bore of the 7 T and despite inadequate penetration depth (<10 cm), surface coils are the current state‐of‐the‐art for acquiring anatomical images to support multinuclear studies. We present a system of proton antennas and phosphorus loops for ³¹P spectroscopy and provide the first ultrahigh‐field phosphorus metabolic imaging of a tumor in the abdomen. Herein we characterize the degree to which antennas are isolated from underlying loops. Next, we evaluate the penetration depth of the two antennas available during multinuclear examinations. Finally, we combine phosphorus spectroscopy (two loops) with parallel transmit imaging (eight antennas) in a patient. The loops and antennas are inherently decoupled (no added circuitry, <0.1% power coupling). The penetration depth of two antennas gives twice that of conventional loops. The liver and full axial slice of the abdomen were imaged with eight transmit/receive antennas using parallel transmit B1‐shimming to overcome image voids. Phosphorus spectroscopy from a liver metastasis resolved individual peaks for phosphocholine and phosphoethenalomine. Proton antennas are inherently decoupled from phosphorus loops. By using two proton antennas it is possible to perform region‐of‐interest image‐based shimming in over 80% of the liver volume, thereby enabling phosphorus spectroscopy of localized disease. Shimming of the full extent of the abdominal cross‐section is feasible using a parallel transmit array of eight antennas. A system architecture capable of supporting eight‐channel parallel transmit and multinuclear spectroscopy is optimal for supporting multiparametric body imaging, including metabolic imaging, for monitoring the response of patients with liver metastases to cancer treatments and for patient risk stratification. In the meantime, the existing infrastructure using two antennas is sufficient for preliminary studies in metabolic imaging of tumors in the liver.     

高通量血液透析治疗肾性骨病的效果

目的观察高通量血液透析治疗肾性骨病的效果。方法将我院收治的72例肾性骨病患者按照治疗方法不同分为观察组与对照组,各36例。观察组采取高通量血液透析治疗,对照组采取常规维持性血液透析治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组患者的骨痛评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率为5.56%,低于对照组的22.22%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血钙水平较治疗前升高,血磷、血PTH水平较治疗前降低,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采取高通量血液透析治疗肾性骨病,可减轻骨痛,减少并发症的发生,改善血磷、血钙、血PTH水平。     

基于一项“多中心、随机对照、双盲”的临床研究探讨影响肾功能进展的因素＊

目的 基于一项前瞻性、多中心、随机、安慰剂对照、双盲的临床试验结果，探索影响肾功能进展的因素。方法 选择343例慢性肾脏病3期的患者，将入组的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组给予中药颗粒剂口服，对照组给予安慰剂口服。两组患者均给予基础治疗，疗程24周。评估两组患者肾功能变化情况。治疗结束后，根据患者肾功能情况，以CKD3期为界限，将病情好转者定为A组，该组患者血肌酐下降至CKD2期或CKD1期；病情恶化者为B组，该组患者血肌酐上升至CKD4期或CKD5期；病情稳定者为C组，该组患者血肌酐稳定，仍处于CKD3期，分析各组患者指标的差异。结果 经过24周观察，比较两组患者的血肌酐（Scr）水平，治疗组130.78 ± 32.55 μmol·L^-1，对照组149.12 ± 41.27 μmol·L^-1，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。eGFR水平比较，治疗组55.74 ± 50.82 mL/min/1.73 m²，对照组44.46 ± 12.60 mL/min/1.73 m²，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。研究结束后，A组患者血尿酸水平明显低于B组和C组的患者，A组患者血红蛋白水平明显高于B组和C组的患者，A组患者的血磷水平明显低于B组和C组的患者。结论 中药颗粒剂在24周内可以明显改善肾功能，患者的血尿酸水平、血红蛋白及血磷水平对肾功能有一定的影响。     

急性有机磷农药中毒患者抗胆碱药联合应用方法的研究

目的观察长、短效抗胆碱药不同联合治疗方法对重度急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)救治效果的影响。方法将80例重度AOPP患者随机分为A组(41例)及B组(39例),A组在入院后即行阿托品、戊乙奎醚联合治疗;B组应用阿托品达阿托品化后再联合应用戊乙奎醚,维持阿托品化状态,所有患者给予同样的护理干预。记录阿托品化时间、意识恢复时间、胆碱酯酶活力恢复50%以上时间、住院时间、戊乙奎醚用量、药物耐受、药物依赖、迟发性神经病、中间综合征、中毒反跳、阿托品中毒及死亡情况。结果两组阿托品化时间、意识恢复时间、戊乙奎醚用量、胆碱酯酶活力恢复50%以上时间、住院时间、药物耐受、药物依赖、中毒反跳、阿托品中毒情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);两组迟发性神经病、中间综合征、病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论阿托品持续泵入快速达阿托品化后,用小剂量阿托品、戊乙奎醚联合应用维持阿托品化状态治疗重度AOPP效果较好,可减少患者中毒反跳、阿托品中毒的发生,使患者平稳渡过危险期,缩短住院时间,戊乙奎醚的用量小,减少了治疗费用。     

祛瘀接骨饮对骨折愈合过程中钙磷指标的影响

目的:通过观察自拟中药方剂祛瘀接骨饮,对骨折患者在骨折愈合过程中,不同时期钙、磷及钙磷乘积含量的变化以及DR摄片的骨痂形成情况,从而证实中药方剂祛瘀接骨饮对骨折患者的早期消肿、止痛和愈合有促进作用。方法:肱骨干闭合性骨折病例168例,随机分为2组,对照组86例,采用西医治疗方法,不予药物干预治疗,治疗组82例加服祛瘀接骨饮,对2组患者分别于骨折后第1、2、3、4周静脉采血,行血清钙、磷、钙磷乘积含量测定,观察祛瘀接骨饮对骨折愈合过程的影响。结果:82例加服祛瘀接骨饮的治疗组患者,在骨折愈合过程中较单纯采用西医治疗的86例对照组患者,缩短了骨折愈合时间;治疗组血钙含量,在骨折后1周明显升高(P0.01);而后的2、3、4周血钙均逐渐下降(P0.01或P0.05);与此相反的是,治疗组血磷含量,在骨折后1周下降(P0.05);而后的2、3、4周血磷均逐渐升高(P0.01或P0.05);同对照组比较,治疗组血钙下降和血磷升高均更明显(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:祛瘀接骨饮能够降低血钙、升高血磷和钙磷乘积,从而说明祛瘀接骨饮缩短骨折愈合时间,大大提高了骨折患者的早期治愈率。