Tetrabenazine therapy of pediatric hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Tetrabenazine (TBZ), a presynaptic dopamine depletor and postsynaptic dopamine receptor blocker, is widely used for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders in adults. However, reports of its use in children are limited. We review the efficacy and tolerability of TBZ therapy in 31 children with hyperkinetic movement disorders refractory to other medications. TBZ was effective in reducing the severity of movement disorders resistant to treatment with other medicines. When compared to adult patients, pediatric patients required higher doses. Side effects were similar to the adult population; however, children had a lower incidence of drug-induced Parkinsonism.     

The Australian Obesity Management Algorithm: A simple tool to guide the management of obesity in primary care

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial chronic disease with genetic, environmental, physiological and behavioural determinants that requires long-term care. Obesity is associated with a broad range of complications including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, reproductive hormonal abnormalities, sleep apnoea, depression, osteoarthritis and certain cancers. An algorithm has been developed (with PubMed and Medline searched for all relevant articles from 1 Jan 2000–1 Oct 2021) to (i) assist primary care physicians in treatment decisions for non-pregnant adults with obesity, and (ii) provide a practical clinical tool to guide the implementation of existing guidelines (summarised in Appendix 1) for the treatment of obesity in the Australian primary care setting.Main recommendations and changes in managementTreatment pathways should be determined by a person’s anthropometry (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) and the presence and severity of obesity-related complications. A target of 10–15% weight loss is recommended for people with BMI 30–40 kg/m² or abdominal obesity (WC > 88 cm in females, WC > 102 cm in males) without complications. The treatment focus should be supervised lifestyle interventions that may include a reduced or low energy diet, very low energy diet (VLED) or pharmacotherapy. For people with BMI 30–40 kg/m² or abdominal obesity and complications, or those with BMI > 40 kg/m² a weight loss target of 10–15% body weight is recommended, and management should include intensive interventions such as VLED, pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery, which may be required in combination. A weight loss target of > 15% is recommended for those with BMI > 40 kg/m² and complications and they should be referred to specialist care. Their treatment should include a VLED with or without pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery.     

盐酸洛美沙星眼凝胶临床生物等效性试验

目的:观察3g/L盐酸洛美沙星眼凝胶的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对128例(203眼)细菌性结膜炎和细菌性角膜炎患者采用多中心、随机分组、平行对照试验,观察其主要症状体征消失情况、角膜炎症面积缩小情况、病原菌清除效果和不良反应。试验组(testgroup,TG)65例(103眼),对照组(controlledgroup,CG)63例100眼,分别应用3g/L盐酸洛美沙星眼凝胶和3g/L盐酸洛美沙星滴眼液。结果:①TG治愈率(80.6%)高于CG治愈率(65.0%);②TG(细菌性结膜炎)眼痛异物感消失率和消失时间(83.7%,5.33±2.00d)优于CG(64.1%,6.36±1.50d);TG(细菌性结膜炎)流泪消失率(91.8%)高于CG(75.0%);③记分统计表明:TG(细菌性结膜炎)结膜充血改善(平均下降1.76分)明显优于CG(平均下降1.25分);TG畏光消失情况(平均下降1.24分)好于CG(平均下降0.87分);TG(细菌性结膜炎)分泌物消失情况(平均下降1.64分)好于CG(平均下降1.33分);④其他情况两组间无明显差异。结论:3g/L盐酸洛美沙星眼凝胶治疗眼前段细菌感染安全、有效,对结膜炎症状体征的改善优于滴眼液。     

Pharmacotherapy for Essential Hypertension: A Brief Review

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years and mortality, with approximately 15% prevalence worldwide. Most patients with hypertension from low- to high-income countries do not receive treatment. Among those who receive treatment, the majority remain undertreated and do not achieve their blood pressure goals. Therefore, new hypertension guidelines introduce more conscientious treatment strategies to maximize the probability of achieving the new strict blood pressure goals compared with the previous guidelines. Who should receive treatment for hypertension? Which antihypertensive medications have the strongest supporting data? Are generic and more affordable medications as effective as expensive brand medications? What are the different treatment strategies to maximize success in controlling blood pressure? Here, we briefly review pharmacotherapy for hypertension and provide answers to these questions as well as some other common questions regarding treatment of hypertension.     

非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂奈韦拉平

艾滋病是严重威胁人类健康的传染性疾病，它是由HIV引发，特别是HIV-1。奈韦拉平是一种新型的非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂，该药与核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂或蛋白酶抑制剂合用可用于治疗艾滋病，单独用药可用于预防HIV感染和母婴传播。