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《Vaccine》2022,40(12):1904-1912
IntroductionOur objective was to describe and compare self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA.MethodsA web-based registry enrolled volunteers who received a COVID-19 vaccine between March 19–July 15, 2021. We collected self-reported short-term side effects, medical consultation, hospitalization, and quality of life impact following completed vaccination regimens (Pfizer, Moderna, J&J).ResultsWe recruited 6,966 volunteers who completed their full course of vaccination (median age 48 years, IQR 35.0–62.0; 83.6% female): Pfizer 3,486; Moderna 2,857; J&J 623. Few (3.1%) sought medical care for post-vaccination side effects. Hospitalization (n = 17; 0.3%) and severe allergic reactions (n = 39; 0.6%) also were rare. Those with autoimmune disease or lung disease were approximately twice as likely to seek medical care (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.01, 95% CI:1.39; 2.92 and aOR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.12; .58 respectively). 92.4% of participants reported ≥ 1 side effect (median 3), with injection site reactions (78.9%), fatigue (70.3%), headache (49.0%) reported most frequently. More side effects were reported after the second dose of two-dose vaccines (medians: 1 vs. 2 for Pfizer and 1 vs. 3 for Moderna for first and second doses respectively) versus 3 for J&J's single-dose vaccine. For the employed, the median number of workdays missed was one. Diabetics and those vaccinated against influenza were substantially less likely to report 3 or more symptoms (aOR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56;0.82] and aOR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73;0.93, respectively).DiscussionThe total side effect burden was, not unexpectedly, greater with two-dose regimens but all three vaccines appear relatively safe. Very few subjects reported side effects serious enough to warrant medical care or reported post-vaccination hospitalization. While these findings do not address possible long-term effects, they do inform on their short-term safety and tolerability and will hopefully provide some reassurance and positively inform the benefit-risk and pharmacoeconomic assessment for all three vaccines.See Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04368065.  相似文献   
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目的 了解江西省某典型非铀矿山高氡暴露矿工的健康效应现状。方法 采用普查的方法,对≥40岁井下一线工人进行基本情况、氡知晓率的调查,并开展井下一线矿工职业健康检查和肺部低剂量 CT 筛查。结果 井下一线矿工对氡的知晓率仅为3.70%,外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析发现100个细胞畸变率为0%、外周血淋巴细胞微核试验的异常率为0.02‰,眼科检查(晶体裂隙灯检查、玻璃体、眼底)均未见异常,白细胞数异常率为3.70%,肺部小结节检出率为48.15%。结论 高氡暴露井下一线矿工肺部小结节检出率较高,矿工对氡缺乏认知,亟需加强矿工关于氡的危害宣传教育及井下一线矿工的职业病预防控制。  相似文献   
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目的 探索青少年网络成瘾和睡眠时长在受校园欺凌与抑郁关系之间的中介作用,为青少年抑郁的预防干预提供依据。 方法 使用青少年健康相关危险行为问卷及CES - D抑郁量表,采用多阶段整群抽样法抽取徐州市4 190名青少年进行问卷调查。结果 在控制人口学等变量后,受校园欺凌、网络成瘾、睡眠时长对抑郁均有预测作用(r = 0.283,P<0.01;r = 0.331,P<0.01;r = - 0.184,P<0.01)。路径分析表明,网络成瘾在受校园欺凌和青少年抑郁之间起中介作用;网络成瘾和睡眠时长在受校园欺凌和青少年抑郁间起链式中介作用。结论 受校园欺凌不仅直接影响青少年抑郁,还通过网络成瘾和睡眠时长的链式中介作用间接影响青少年抑郁。可通过减少青少年网络使用和提高睡眠时长来降低受校园欺凌对青少年抑郁的影响。  相似文献   
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目的探讨多柔比星脂质体治疗乳腺癌的安全性。 方法回顾性分析解放军第九六〇医院甲状腺乳腺外科2018年10月至2021年9月使用含多柔比星脂质体药物方案的乳腺癌患者的临床资料,分析患者选择使用多柔比星脂质体的原因,评价心脏毒性以及其他不良反应。 结果共收集215例病例资料。患者选择使用多柔比星脂质体具有主、客观原因。客观原因包括:既往心脏疾病病史(5例,2.3%)、高龄(≥65岁)(11例,5.1%)、心血管病史或心脏疾病遗传因素(15例,7.0%)及合并左乳放射治疗(75例,34.9%)。主观原因包括:对脱发、骨髓抑制、消化道等不良反应特别关注(57例,26.5%),以及年轻患者重视日后生活质量、关注药物的远期心脏毒性(52例,24.2%)。共5例(2.3%,5/215)患者发生心功能损害。其他不良反应为白细胞减少(34.9%,75/215)、脱发59例(27.4%,59/215)、恶心及呕吐41例(19.1%,41/215)、手足麻木15例(7.0%,15/215)、血小板减少41例(19.1%,41/215)。特有的不良反应中手足综合征共11例(5.1%,11/215),并且,在使用本药物的前30例患者中有15例第1次化疗期间发生急性输液反应,其中1例第2次化疗时仍然发生,临床表现为潮红、呼吸困难,给予停药、扩充血容量后缓解,之后降低输液速度完成了治疗。 结论多柔比星脂质体在临床上应用有降低心脏毒性的客观原因和患者意愿选择的主观原因。其在临床上应用是安全的,但应注意不良反应发生,特别应注意其特有的手足综合征和输液反应。  相似文献   
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陈露  马芳  马蕊  马国芳 《现代预防医学》2022,(21):3944-3950
目的 评估我国疾病预防控制体系建设相关政策文件效力和实施效果,为我国疾病预防控制体系政策制定建言献策。方法 通过国家卫生健康委员会官网、“北大法宝”检索系统以“疾病预防控制”、“疾控体系”、“疾控”为主要检索词检索2003—2022年中央、国家及各部委发布的政策文件,经筛选后最终纳入52项疾病预防控制相关政策。将政策效力划分为政策力度、政策措施、政策目标3个维度,用疾病预防控制支出表示政策效果,通过构建多元线性回归模型对环境型、供给型、需求型三种不同政策工具疾病预防控制体系建设政策实施效果进行回归分析。结果 2003—2022年,我国疾控体系建设相关政策数量与总体效力值呈现平稳波动,且具有明显的正相关关系,政策平均效力值呈M型稳定变化趋势,整体水平偏低; 政策措施得分最高,政策目标次之,政策力度得分最低。相较于其他两种政策工具,环境型政策工具使用频率最高,需求型政策工具使用频率最低; 环境型(Coef.=0.732,P=0.015)、供给型(Coef.=0.64,P=0.010)、需求型(Coef.=0.523,P=0.035)三种政策工具对政策实施效果均具有促进作用,滞后期保持在1~2年; 上一年度的疾控支出对下一年度的政策效果具有促进作用(Coef.=0.74,P=0.032)。结论 我国疾病预防控制政策效力不断提高主要源于政策颁布数量的累计效应; 不同政策工具使用过程中存在不平衡、不充分问题; 三类政策工具均对我国疾病预防控制体系政策实施效果起到一定影响,且环境型政策工具最优; 疾病预防控制相关支出会强化政策实施效果,推动疾控体系建设快速发展。  相似文献   
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Bladder cancer is common and one of the most costly cancer forms, due to a lack of curative therapies. Recently, clinical safety and efficacy of the alpha1-oleate complex was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled study of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Our study investigated if long-term therapeutic efficacy is improved by repeated treatment cycles and by combining alpha1-oleate with low-dose chemotherapy. Rapidly growing bladder tumors were treated by intravesical instillation of alpha1-oleate, Epirubicin or Mitomycin C alone or in combination. One treatment cycle arrested tumor growth, with a protective effect lasting at least 4 weeks in mice receiving 8.5 mM of alpha1-oleate alone or 1.7 mM of alpha-oleate combined with Epirubicin or Mitomycin C. Repeated treatment cycles extended protection, defined by a lack of bladder pathology and a virtual absence of bladder cancer-specific gene expression. Synergy with Epirubicin was detected at the lower alpha1-oleate concentration and in vitro, alpha1-oleate was shown to enhance the uptake and nuclear translocation of Epirubicin, by tumor cells. Effects at the chromatin level affecting cell proliferation were further suggested by reduced BrdU incorporation. In addition, alpha1-oleate triggered DNA fragmentation, defined by the TUNEL assay. The results suggest that bladder cancer development may be prevented long-term in the murine model, by alpha1-oleate alone or in combination with low-dose Epirubicin. In addition, the combination of alpha1-oleate and Epirubicin reduced the size of established tumors. Exploring these potent preventive and therapeutic effects will be of immediate interest in patients with bladder cancer.  相似文献   
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《Value in health》2022,25(5):773-784
ObjectivesAs healthcare systems continue to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, cost-effectiveness evidence will be needed to identify which tests and treatments for COVID-19 offer value for money. We sought to review economic evaluations of diagnostic tests and treatments for COVID-19, critically appraising the methodological approaches used and reporting cost-effectiveness estimates, using a “living” systematic review approach.MethodsKey databases (including MEDLINE, EconLit, Embase) were last searched on July 12, 2021. Gray literature and model repositories were also searched. Only full economic evaluations published in English were included. Studies were quality assessed and data were extracted into standard tables. Results were narratively summarized. The review was completed by 2 reviewers independently, with disagreements resolved through discussion with a senior reviewer.ResultsOverall, 3540 records were identified, with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. After quality assessment, 6 were excluded because of very severe limitations. Of the 7 studies included, 5 were cost-utility analyses and 2 were cost-effectiveness analyses. All were model-based analyses. A total of 5 evaluated treatments (dexamethasone, remdesivir, hypothetical) and 2 evaluated hypothetical testing strategies. Cost-effectiveness estimates were sensitive to the treatment effect on survival and hospitalization, testing speed and accuracy, disease severity, and price.ConclusionsPresently, there are few economic evaluations for COVID-19 tests and treatments. They suggest treatments that confer a survival benefit and fast diagnostic tests may be cost effective. Nevertheless, studies are subject to major evidence gaps and take inconsistent analytical approaches. The evidence may improve for planned updates of this “living” review.  相似文献   
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