批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物分析

我国奶牛养殖规模不断扩大,奶业产值比重逐步提高,给奶牛疫病防治带来巨大压力。奶牛乳房炎及细菌性肺炎等呼吸系统疾病和细菌性肠炎等消化系统疾病最为常见,抗菌药物的使用成为主要防治手段。但抗菌药物的不当使用易使细菌产生耐药性,增加临床治疗的成本和难度,危害我国奶牛产业发展。本文对截至2021年7月我国和美国、英国、日本、欧盟批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物产品进行整理、统计与分析,包括抗菌药物的分类、剂型以及适应证等,旨在为我国奶牛用抗菌药物管理、合理用药和新兽药开发提供参考。     

Lactation mastitis: Promising alternative indicators for early diagnosis

Although lactation mastitis (LM) has been extensively researched, the incidence rate of LM remains a salient clinical problem. To reduce this incidence rate and achieve a better prognosis, early and specific quantitative indicators are particularly important. It has been found that milk electrolyte concentrations (chloride, potassium, and sodium) and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly change in the early stages of LM in an animal model. Several studies have evaluated EC for the detection of subclinical mastitis in cows. EC, chloride, and sodium content of milk were more accurate for predicting infection status than were other variables. In the early stages of LM, lactic sodium, chloride, and EC increase, but potassium decreases. However, these indicators have not been reported in the diagnosis of LM in humans. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and the mechanism of LM in terms of milk electrolyte concentration and EC, and aim to provide new ideas for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis in humans.     

针灸治疗急性乳腺炎选穴规律分析

目的:探讨针灸治疗急性乳腺炎的选穴规律。方法:检索1999年1月-2019年3月中国知网、维普全文期刊数据库、万方数据库中针灸治疗急性乳腺炎的临床报道和临床研究,分析总结针灸治疗该病的取穴规律。结果:共纳入文献53篇,常用穴位53个,总共频次282次,最常用的5个穴位是肩井、膻中、乳根、期门、足三里;涉及经脉12条,除手少阴心经和手少阳三焦经外均有涉及,其中足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、任脉出现频次最多。特定穴以交会穴、募穴、八会穴使用频次较高。穴位分布主要集中在胸腹部、腰背部及四肢。结论:针灸治疗急性乳腺炎以胸腹部局部取穴及四肢循经取穴、选用特定穴为主,经络选取主要为胃经、胆经、任脉。     

对比分析非哺乳期乳腺炎与乳腺浸润性导管癌的高频彩色多普勒超声表现

目的 比较非哺乳期乳腺炎与乳腺浸润性导管癌高频彩色多普勒超声的表现。方法 回顾性分析经病理检查证实的116例非哺乳期乳腺炎患者与115例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者（浸润性导管癌组）的高频彩色多普勒超声检查结果，其中116例非哺乳期乳腺炎患者正确诊断71例（非哺乳期乳腺炎组）、误诊为乳腺浸润性导管癌45例（误诊组），比较各组病灶的声像图表现。结果 非哺乳期乳腺炎组病灶声像图上多表现为形态规则、边界清晰、无回声及后方回声增强，与误诊组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。非哺乳期乳腺炎组和浸润性导管癌组比较，前者声像图上多表现为形态规则、边界清晰、少斑点状强回声、无回声、少高回声、后方回声增强、少腋窝淋巴结肿大（P＜0.05）。误诊组与浸润性导管癌组声像图上均表现为形态不规则、边界不清晰、回声不均匀，并伴有丰富血流信号，但两者斑点状强回声（χ²=30.805，P<0.001）、高回声晕（χ²=20.282，P<0.001）、后方回声增强（χ²=6.442，P=0.011） 等表现比例差异有统计学意义。结论 高频彩色多普勒超声诊断非哺乳期乳腺炎易误诊为乳腺浸润性导管癌，注意观察斑点状强回声、高回声晕、后方回声增强等表现有助于正确诊断。     

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A systematic review of 3060 patients

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign breast disease. A systematic review was designed. Clinical and therapeutic characteristics were analyzed. Human Development Index (HDI) was used to define two groups of study: group A (very high and high HDI) and group B (medium and low HDI). Corticosteroid therapy was done in 69% group A and 78% group B. Surgery was done in 63% in group A and 83% in group B. Antibiotics were used in 68% group A and 88% group B. There is no consensus about optimal treatment for granulomatous mastitis.     

Sinomenine hydrochloride inhibits the progression of plasma cell mastitis by regulating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a special form of mastitis characterized by periductal inflammation and large-scale plasma cell infiltration. At present, the recurrence rate of PCM after excision is quite high, making PCM a major problem for mammary surgeons. However, no effective drug exists for the treatment of PCM. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) has potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. However, the efficacy and the underlying mechanisms of SH in the treatment of PCM remain unclear. In the present study, we first investigated the therapeutic effects of SH in the PCM mouse model and clarified the possible mechanisms. We found that the levels of plasmocytes and lymphocytes infiltration were alleviated significantly in the 100 mg/kg SH group compared to the control group. In addition, few CD138+ plasma cells were found in the mammary glands of the 100 mg/kg SH group. The levels of Bcl-2 in the 100 mg/kg SH group were dramatically decreased compared with those in the saline group. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SH inhibited the progression of PCM mainly through downregulating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 levels. Collectively, our results suggested that SH could inhibit the progression of PCM by suppressing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 cascades and ultimately achieve a therapeutic effect in PCM. This study provides theoretical support for the clinical application of SH in the treatment of PCM.     

浆细胞性乳腺炎患者外周血Th17细胞的变化

目的观察浆细胞性乳腺炎(PCM)患者外周血Th17细胞数量的变化。方法采用流式细胞术检测慢性期PCM(CPCM)患者、亚急性期PCM(SPCM)患者、急性期PCM(APCM)患者和健康对照者(HC)的外周血中Th17细胞百分率;采用ELISA检测上述四组受检者的血浆IL-17和IL-23水平。结果 CPCM、SPCM和APCM三组患者的外周血Th17细胞数量、IL-17和IL-23水平依次增高,且均高于HC组,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PCM患者的外周血Th17细胞数量有所增多且功能增强。