Renal Denervation for Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: State of the Art and Future Directions

Renal Denervation for Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias . It has now been more than a quarter of a century since modulation of the sympathetic nervous system was proposed for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias of different origins. But it has also been some time since some of the early surgical attempts have been abandoned. With the development of ablation techniques, however, new approaches and targets have been recently introduced that have revolutionized our way of thinking about sympathetic modulation. Renal nerve ablation technology is now being successfully used for the treatment of resistant hypertension, but the indication spectrum might broaden and new therapeutic options might arise in the near future. This review focuses on the possible impact of renal sympathetic system modulation on cardiac arrhythmias, the current evidence supporting this approach, and the ongoing trials of this method in electrophysiological laboratories. We will discuss the potential roles that sympathetic modulation may play in the future.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床评价

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STAMI)的治疗价值。方法STAMI46例,在发病12h内行急诊冠状动脉造影及直接冠脉支架置入术(DS)或预扩张后支架置入术(PS),观察术中心律失常发生情况,术后TIMI分级、心电图,出院前左室射血分数(LVEF)和住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)等。结果DS组与PS组各项指标无差异,44例达TIMI3级,成功率达95.7%,ST段回落率67.4%,平均LVEF(49.4±9.46)%,术中心律失常发生率21.7%,无MACE发生。结论对于发病12h的STAMI患者,行急诊PCI,可开通梗塞相关动脉(IRA),改善心肌再灌注和近期预后。     

1例射频消融术后并发肺栓塞的抢救配合及护理

总结1例射频消融术后并发肺栓塞的抢救配合及护理体会，认为肺栓塞患者一旦发生晕厥，应立即行心肺复苏，以确保有效的循环和呼吸，尽早溶栓，改善临床症状。积极的抢救、熟练的配合、良好的护理是此患者康复的关键，同时术后早期生命体征的监测、并发症的预防、合理饮食、适当活动及休息对预防肺栓塞的发生也是很重要的。     

ENDOSCOPIC NASOBILIARY DRAINAGE: CURRENT INDICATIONS AND EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTS

Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) is a well established mode of biliary decompression. Although ENBD is certainly an uncomfortable procedure with the potential risk of spontaneous dislocation or removal of the drainage catheter by disoriented patients, it has several advantages over endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) using an indwelling stent. The current indications for ENBD are: (i) temporary drainage to treat obstructive jaundice and cholangitis caused by malignant or benign biliary stricture; (ii) urgent drainage to treat suppurative cholangitis primarily caused by common bile duct stones; (iii) temporary drainage after stone removal in patients with suspected incomplete clearance and/or with cholangitis; and (iv) biliary leaks that occur primarily after surgery, as well as other indications. Different types of nasobiliary catheters are currently available that have been designed with various diameters, shapes, and materials. However, the current catheters are not considered by most endoscopists to be sufficient. Further improvements are needed to achieve better drainage and better maneuverability.     

Role of intracortical mechanisms in the late part of the silent period to transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) of the human motor cortex produce a silent period (SP) following motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The early part of the SP can be explained by decreased alpha motor neuron excitability, whereas the late part is presumably due to suprasegmental mechanisms. In order to determine the level of the suprasegmental contribution to the generation of SPs, we recorded excitatory and inhibitory responses to TMS, TES, and percutaneous electrical brainstem stimulation (PBS) in the voluntarily activated first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand. Stimulus intensities were set so that PBS and TES induced MEPs with areas equal to or larger than those of MEPs obtained with TMS. This procedure revealed that SPs were 49% and 83% shorter with TES and PBS, respectively, than with TMS. As TMS is more effective than TES or PBS in activating cortical interneurons, these findings support the idea that a significant component of the SP arises from intracortical mechanisms.     

Percutaneous management of lymphatic fluid collections

Eight lymphatic fluid collections were drained percutaneously. There were no immediate or late complications. Seven patients had follow-up; 1 required surgical drainage of a residual or recurrent lymphocele, and another had reaccumulated fluid in a lymphocele which was detected on autopsy. The remaining lymphatic collections responded to percutaneous drainage. Percutaneous drainage is safe and can be an effective tool in the management of lymphatic collections.     

腹腔镜肝右后叶囊肿开窗引流术35例报告

目的：探讨肝右后叶肝囊肿的腹腔镜处理方法。方法：1998年1月～2005年12月对35例有症状的肝右后叶囊肿（21例主要位于Ⅵ段，14例主要位于第Ⅶ段）采用四孔法行囊肿开窗引流术。囊肿位于肝右后叶上段者采用肝上入路，胆囊牵引钳或三叶钳推压肝脏使其向前向下，暴露肝后囊肿，囊肿开窗，修剪带蒂大网膜放入囊肿。囊肿位于肝右后叶下段者采用肝下入路，超声刀切开肝结肠韧带，右三角韧带及肝肾间疏松组织，胆囊牵引钳抬起肝脏，囊肿开窗，大网膜放入囊腔引流。结果：35例肝右后叶肝囊肿均在腹腔镜下完成肝囊肿开窗引流术，无中转开腹手术。15例采用肝上入路，20例采用肝下入路。手术时间30～95min，平均46min。无手术并发症。35例病理检查结果均为先天性肝囊肿。术后症状均消失。术后住院2～5d，平均3．8d。35例随访6～36个月，平均34个月，33例无复发，2例（为肝上入路病例）囊肿未完全消失，但较术前明显缩小，无明显症状，观察半年未见增大。结论：肝下及肝上入路囊肿开窗引流是腹腔镜下处理肝右叶肝囊肿的有效方法。