宣威地区与非宣威地区肺癌患者临床流行病学特征及病理类型特点分析

目的:分析宣威地区与非宣威地区的肺癌临床流行病学与病理特征。方法:以云南省肿瘤医院（昆明医科大学第三附属医院）2015年3月至2015年5月手术治疗的肺癌患者为研究对象，共295例，收集患者相关信息。将其分为宣威地区、非宣威地区进行统计。对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，包含病理类型、年龄、性别、吸烟史等。结果:宣威地区、非宣威地区肺癌患者男女比例为1.19∶1和1.69∶1。宣威地区患者平均年龄为［53.41±8.74(34~85)］岁，中位年龄53岁。非宣威地区肺癌患者平均年龄为［58.68±8.63(38~78)］岁，中位年龄59岁。宣威地区肺癌高发年龄为40~59岁段。宣威地区I期肺癌患者占比、T1期肺癌患者占比、N0期肺癌患者占比均高于非宣威地区。宣威地区男性腺癌鳞癌比远高于非宣威地区，差异有显著统计学意义。结论:宣威地区女性肺癌发病率更高，发病年龄更趋年轻化，腺癌比例高，吸烟与宣威地区男性腺癌高发关系不密切。     

Impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes on response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients: Results from ACCORD-12/PRODIGE-2 phase III trial

We examined whether 66 germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 candidate genes would predict clinical outcome in 316 patients with resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) enrolled in the ACCORD-12 phase III trial who were randomly treated with preoperative radiotherapy plus capecitabine (CAP45; n = 155) or dose-intensified radiotherapy plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX50; n = 161). The primary endpoint was tumor response according to the Dworak score. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted on treatment arm and T stage determined the SNPs prognostic and predictive values for tumor response. In univariate analysis, five SNPs in ERCC2, XPA, MTHFR and ERCC1 were associated with the Dworak score in the CAPOX50 arm. In the overall population, interaction with treatment arm was significant for ERCC2 rs1799787 (p_interaction = 0.05) and XPA rs3176683 (p_interaction = 0.008), suggesting a predictive effect for response to oxaliplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). All but XPA rs3176683 had a prognostic effect on tumor response. In a multivariate model, interaction remained significant for XPA rs3176683 ([OR 7.33, 95% CI 1.40–38.23], p_interaction = 0.018) and the prognostic effect significant for ERCC2 rs1799787 ([OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.32–0.93], p = 0.027) and ERCC1 rs10412761 ([OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.34–0.98], p = 0.042). Patients with the T/G haplotype of rs1799787 and rs10412761 had a 60% decrease in odds of response (p < 0.001). None of the five SNPs were associated with toxicity, overall and disease-free survival. These data suggest that genetic variation in DNA repair genes influences response to preoperative CRT in LARC and identify patients who benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin to CRT.     

杜仲炮制工艺对其质量的影响及化学成分与药理研究进展

杜仲是一种传统中药材,中医常以生品和盐制品入药,入肝、肾经,起到补肝肾,强筋骨的作用。笔者在文献考证的基础上,论述了杜仲的炮制方法、工艺对质量的影响,以及所含的化学成分与药理作用的最新研究进展,为杜仲饮片的规范化、标准化研究奠定基础。     

鲍温病中XB130的表达和意义及临床病理分析

目的:研究XB130在鲍温病皮损组织中的表达，探讨其在鲍温病发生发展过程中的作用，并探讨鲍温病的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性分析我院161例鲍温病的临床及病理资料并应用免疫组化法检测37例鲍温病组织及35例正常皮肤组织中XB130的表达情况。结果:鲍温病多发于老年人，无性别差异，但男性的平均确诊年龄低于女性，所有患者中躯干为最常见发病部位。XB130在鲍温病组织中表达降低， XB130在正常皮肤组织及在鲍温病中的阳性表达率及表达强度差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:鲍温病多发于老年人，无性别差异，男性患者发病普遍早于女性患者，所有患者中躯干为最常见的发病部位，女性患者头颈部发病最多见，男性则多发于躯干。XB130在鲍温病皮损中的表达明显低于正常皮肤组织，XB130可能参与鲍温病的发生与发展。     

胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现与病理分级

目的:探讨胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的影像特征并预测病理分级的价值。方法:回顾分析14例胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤患者的影像学表现及临床资料。将肿瘤的病理分级分为神经内分泌瘤NET组(包括G1级、G2级)及神经内分泌癌NEC组(G3级)。根据肿瘤的CT及MRI表现,分析两组之间差别。结果:肿瘤位于食管1例,胃2例,小肠4例,阑尾2例,结肠3例,直肠2例。NET组10例中G1级6例,G2级4例;NEC组G3级4例。结论:胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤有一定的影像学特征,肿瘤大小、形状、边缘、均质程度、外侵和转移等可以在术前预测其病理分级。     

加拿大问题赌博指数中文版的效度和信度

目的:评估加拿大问题赌博指数中文版(CPGI-C)的效度和信度。方法:选取43例匿名戒赌会成员和202例正常成人为研究对象,将其随机分为两半,分别进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析;以赌博相关认知量表(GRCS-C)、Barratt冲动性人格问卷(BIS-11)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、网络成瘾量表修订版(CIAS-R)和DSM-IV多重反应问卷(DSM-IV-MR)作为效标工具;以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估量表区分问题赌博者的特异度与灵敏度。2周后有5例匿名戒赌会成员和31例正常成人完成重测。结果:CPGI-C的问题赌博指数(PGSI)分量表共9个条目,探索性因子分析得出1个主成分因子,可解释总方差的74.3%;验证性因子分析显示,单因子结构模型的拟合指标良好(χ~2=2.087,CFI=0.926,TLI=0.963,GFI=0.926,IFI=0.978,NFI=0.958, RMSEA=0.094,SRMR=0.032);CPGI总分与各效标量表的总分均呈正相关(r=0.48～0.82,均P<0.001);ROC曲线下面积为0.962,划界分为9.5。CPGI-C的...     

Complete pathological response in rectal cancer utilising novel treatment strategies for neo-adjuvant therapy: A systematic review

BackgroundLocally advanced rectal cancer is routinely treated with neo-adjuvant long course chemoradiotherapy or short course radiotherapy, followed by total mesorectal excision. Not all patients respond to this treatment and there has been an emergence of novel treatment strategies designed to improve outcomes for these patients. This systematic review aims to assess the current novel neo-adjuvant treatment strategies being utilised in the treatment of patients with rectal cancer and how these impact pathological complete response (pCR) rates.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate pathological response in patients with rectal cancer receiving novel neo-adjuvant therapy. EMBASE and Medline electronic databases were searched for relevant articles. Articles published between January 2008 and February 2019 were retrieved. Included studies underwent critical appraisal and complete pathological response rates were recorded.ResultsOf the initial 1074 articles identified, 217 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of these 60 articles (4359 patients) were included. Neo-adjuvant therapy delivered included novel long course chemoradiation therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, addition of a biological agent, total neo-adjuvant therapy, novel short course radiation therapy and studies utilising biomarkers to select patients for therapy. Complete pathological response rates ranged from 0 to 60%.ConclusionA validated novel neo-adjuvant therapy that significantly increases pCR rates in patients with rectal cancer has not been identified.     

脉络膜黑色素瘤的病理特点与预后

目的　分析脉络膜黑色素瘤的病理特点及预后影响因素。方法　对天津市眼科医院2003年10月至2014年3月入院的31例（31眼）经病理证实的脉络膜黑色素瘤进行回顾性研究，总结病理特点及预后影响因素。结果　脉络膜黑色素瘤31例（31眼）中男18例（58.1%），女13例（41.9%）；均为单眼发病，右眼17例（54.8%），左眼14例（45.2%）；年龄30~71岁，平均52.5岁。肿瘤位于睫状体者7眼，位于赤道后者15眼，位于旁视神经者4眼，位于赤道前者5眼。瘤体呈蘑菇状者6眼，呈圆顶状者5眼，呈类圆形者3眼，呈半圆形者4眼，呈扁平形者12眼，呈弥漫状者1眼。31眼中，大肿瘤8眼，中等肿瘤23眼。肿瘤细胞类型:梭形细胞型7眼（眼内期4眼，青光眼期1眼，眼外蔓延期2眼），上皮细胞型4眼（眼内期3眼，眼外蔓延期1眼），混合细胞型20眼（眼内期15眼，青光眼期2眼，眼外蔓延期2眼，全身转移期1眼）。肿瘤细胞向巩膜外蔓延程度:Ⅰ级15眼，Ⅱ级6眼，Ⅲ级3眼，Ⅳ级7眼。在Ⅳ级中有4眼伴有大量坏死，大部分为大肿瘤。眶内蔓延途径:沿巩膜导管和巩膜涡静脉蔓延者6眼；直接侵犯巩膜、向眼球外蔓延者5眼；沿筛板直接蔓延者1眼；侵犯视网膜、睫状体、虹膜、结膜者4眼。随访22例患者中有2例死亡，均为混合细胞型并发肝转移，存活时间为术后17个月（全身转移期）和28个月（眼内期）。结论　脉络膜黑色素瘤的预后受多种因素的影响（位置、形状和体积、瘤细胞类型、扩散途径等），沿巩膜导管、巩膜涡静脉蔓延和侵犯巩膜、向眼球外蔓延是主要的蔓延途径。     

桑根酮C对博莱霉素诱导小鼠肺纤维化改善作用及机制研究

目的观察桑根酮C对博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,即假手术组、模型组和桑根酮C(100、50 mg/kg)组,每组20只。假手术组小鼠气管内注射生理盐水,模型组小鼠气管内注射博莱霉素诱导肺纤维化模型。术后第4天开始给药,连续给药28d后检测小鼠呼吸功能;检测肺内羟脯氨酸含量;HE染色观察肺内炎症表现;Masson染色观察肺内胶原活性;免疫组化法检测肺内转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白表达量;免疫蛋白印迹法检测肺内α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、核转录因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、磷酸化的核转录因子-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原表达量。结果与模型组比较,桑根酮C能够改善经博莱霉素诱导形成肺纤维化后小鼠的呼吸功能,能够明显降低肺内羟脯氨酸含量,明显减轻肺内炎症和胶原沉积,肺内TGF-β1、α-SMA、NF-κBp65、p-NF-κBp65、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达量明显降低。结论桑根酮C能够明显改善博莱霉素诱导小鼠肺纤维化,改善呼吸功能,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β1过表达和降低炎症转录因子NF-κB及磷酸化表达有关。