基于外邪理论探讨肿瘤的发病机制

肿瘤防控是当今世界性一大难题，目前我国每年新发肿瘤病例即将突破400万。近年来，我国肿瘤总体发病率和死亡率呈现逐年上升趋势，肿瘤的高死亡率和低治愈率已严重威胁我国居民健康，很大程度影响了患者的生存质量，大大降低患者的生活水平，危害患者的身心健康。中医认为，肿瘤发病的病因复杂，病机变化多端，是内外因相互影响、相互作用的结果。若在外邪作用于人体之初，及时辨证施治，防止伏邪入里发生传变，将大大减少肿瘤疾病的发生和发展。因此，外邪理论与肿瘤的发病机制亟待进一步探究。在中国知网（CNKI），Public Medline（PubMed）数据库中以外感、邪气、中医、肿瘤、发病机制等关键词进行检索，本文共纳入67篇中英文文献为参考，对外邪理论与肿瘤发病机制进行全面探讨。强调了外邪在肿瘤发病中的重要作用，以及中医药在早期防治肿瘤中具有显著的优势。外邪如风邪、寒邪、湿邪、火邪、从口鼻皮表而入的邪气等因素，使得肿瘤的发生更具复杂性。中医药可以在肿瘤发展早期进行有效的防护和干预，可大大提高防病抗肿瘤的目的，减少肿瘤的发生、发展、传变，使临床用药更有效、更精准、更具靶向性，不至使肿瘤的治疗错失良机，为临床治疗肿瘤提供更明确的指导方向。     

Efficacy of recombinant Marek’s disease virus vectored vaccines with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin insert against genetically diverse H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived H5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) inserts with challenge by homologous and genetically divergent H5 HPAI Gs/GD lineage viruses in chickens. Direct assessment of protection was confirmed for all the tested constructs, which provided clinical protection against the homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI Gs/GD challenge viruses and significantly decreased oropharyngeal shedding titers compared to the sham vaccine. The cross reactivity was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and focus reduction assay against a panel of phylogenetically and antigenically diverse H5 strains. The COBRA-derived H5 inserts elicited antibody responses against antigenically diverse strains, while the wild-type-derived H5 vaccines elicited protection mostly against close antigenically related clades 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4D viruses. In conclusion, the HVT vector, a widely used replicating vaccine platform in poultry, with H5 insert provides clinical protection and significant reduction of viral shedding against homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, the COBRA-derived inserts have the potential to be used against antigenically distinct co-circulating viruses and future drift variants.     

不同基原土牛膝的性状显微比较研究

目的 建立3种不同基原的土牛膝的性状及显微鉴别方法。方法 在植物分类学鉴定基础上，对不同基原的土牛膝进行鉴定，并使用性状和显微研究方法，对采集的土牛膝进行比较分析。结果 通过研究发现，3种土牛膝可以通过横切面显微特征区分，粉末显微特征区别不明显。结论 土牛膝不同基原可以通过性状、显微进行鉴别,通过对二者性状、显微的细致研究，为相关的标准修订与提高提供依据。     

基于传统性状客观化分析的川贝母质量评价

目的对川贝母的外观性状进行客观量化,完善其质量评价方法。方法用游标卡尺测定高度和直径,在人眼对外观色泽观察的基础上用色差仪对粉末色泽进行客观量化,通过紫外分光光度法测定总生物碱的含量,对高度、直径、△E值与总生物碱含量测定结果进行统计学分析,确定外观性状与内在成分之间的相关程度。结果高度与总生物碱的含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)、直径与总生物碱的含量呈负相关,综合来看随着川贝母鳞茎的增大,总生物碱含量呈降低趋势。△E值与总生物碱含量之间的相关性不显著。结论由于总生物碱含量可以客观地反映川贝母的质量,本实验的结果为川贝母传统以"个小为佳"、"碎贝、破贝不可入药"的观点赋予了科学的依据,肯定了川贝母"不得水洗"的传统加工方法。不同规格的川贝母中以松贝为优。     

神经内科院内感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析神经内科患者医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性,为合理选择临床抗菌药物提供依据。方法 选取 2016 年5 月—2019年5 月滕州市中心人民医院神经内科院内感染患者202例,按照《全国临床检验操作规程》标准分离、鉴定细菌,用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,统计医院感染情况,并对分离病原菌的分布及耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果 神经内科院内感染以下呼吸道感染为主,占33.17%,其次为泌尿道和消化系统感染,占比为21.29%和13.86%;共分离病原菌268株,其中革兰阴性菌112株,占41.79%;真菌103株,占38.43%;革兰阳性菌53株,占19.78%。革兰阴性杆菌中大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮舒巴坦耐药率低于<15%,对哌拉西林和头孢噻肟耐药率>65%;产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌检出率为分别为37.50% 、34.62%、38.10%;金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林耐药率为91.30%,革兰阳性球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感。结论 神经内科院内感染分离病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对常用的抗菌药物耐药率高,应合理选用抗菌药物。     

Isolation of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus in Southern Vietnam with genetic similarity to those infecting humans in China

Since 2013, H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have been responsible for outbreaks in poultry and wild birds around Asia. H5N6 HPAIV is also a public concern due to sporadic human infections being reported in China. In the current study, we isolated an H5N6 HPAIV strain (A/Muscovy duck/Long An/AI470/2018; AI470) from an outbreak at a Muscovy duck farm in Long An Province in Southern Vietnam in July 2018 and genetically characterized it. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis revealed that the eight genomic segments of AI470 were most closely related (99.6%–99.9%) to A/common gull/Saratov/1676/2018 (H5N6), which was isolated in October 2018 in Russia. Furthermore, AI470 also shared 99.4%–99.9% homology with A/Guangxi/32797/2018, an H5N6 HPAIV strain that infected humans in China in 2018. Phylogenetic analyses of the entire genome showed that AI470 was directly derived from H5N6 HPAIVs that were in South China from 2015 to 2018 and clustered with four H5N6 HPAIV strains of human origin in South China from 2017 to 2018. This indicated that AI470 was introduced into Vietnam from China. In addition, molecular characteristics related to mammalian adaptation among the recent human H5N6 HPAIV viruses, except PB2 E627K, were shared by AI470. These findings are cause for concern since H5N6 HPAIV strains that possess a risk of human infection have crossed the Chinese border.     

Continued reassortment of avian H6 influenza viruses from Southern China, 2014–2016

H6 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) was prevalent in poultry and could sporadically infect humans. Here, a total of 196 novel H6 AIVs isolated from poultry in eight provinces of China from 2014 to 2016 were phylogenetically characterized. Our analysis revealed that they could be divided into two clades in the Asian H6 HA lineage, A/wild duck/Shantou/2853/2003(H6N2) (ST2853‐like) (85.7%) and A/duck/Shantou/339/2000(H6N2) (ST339‐like) (14.3%), in which ST2853‐like strains predominate. These novel strains belonged to the H6N6 (n = 165, 84.2%), H6N2 (n = 30, 15.3%), and H6N3 (n = 1, 0.51%) subtypes, which could be classified into 36 genotypes including 12 novel genotypes described in this study. In particular, several strains possessed the V190 and S228 mutations in HA (H3 numbering), which is critical for human receptor binding and identical to the human‐derived strain A/Taiwan/2/2013(H6N1). Furthermore, 10.3% of the H6N6 isolates possessed the N6‐∆11b (59–69) deletion. In summary, we describe phylogenetic and molecular characterizations of H6 AIVs in southern China and highlight the constant prevalence of H6 AIVs in poultry as well as adaptation to mammalian hosts.     

Next-generation sequencing through multigene panel testing for the diagnosis of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa in Chinese population

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heritable blistering disorder. We performed a next-generation sequencing-based multigene panel test and successfully predicted 100% of the EB types, including, 36 EB simplex (EBS), 13 junctional EB (JEB), 86 dystrophic EB (DEB), and 3 Kindler EB. Chinese JEB and recessive DEB (RDEB) patients have relatively mild phenotypes; for severe type separately accounts for 45.5% and 23.8%, respectively. We identified 96 novel and 49 recurrent pathogenic variants in 11 genes, although we failed to detect the second mutation in one JEB and five RDEB patients. We identified one novel p.E475K mosaic mutation in the clinically normal mother of one out of 13 EBS patients with KRT5 mutations, one recurrent p.G2034R mosaic mutation, and one novel p.G2043R mosaic mutation in the clinically normal relatives of two out of 19 dominant DEB patients. This study shows that next-generation technology could be an effective tool in diagnosing EB.     

基于“祛邪为第一要义”从清热化湿论治新型冠状病毒肺炎

结合验案分析,基于"祛邪为第一要义"探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎从清热化湿论治的思路与方法。认为新型冠状病毒肺炎主要是属于"湿热"性质的疫病,治疗应强调清热化湿,以"祛邪为第一要义",辅以扶正。在中医祛邪与扶正理论指导下,通过宣肺平喘、通腑泻热、芳香化湿等治法,祛邪为主,肺肠合治,可以使发热减轻或消退,使大便通畅,从而截断病情进展,避免或减少危重症的发生及死亡的风险;通过清热化湿、疏肝健脾、凉血化瘀等治法,祛邪兼以扶正,肺与肝、脾合调,可以改善肝功能损伤,减少病情加重的风险;通过补气健脾等扶正治法,可以改善患者的精神和体力,促使病毒更快转阴,缩短病程,促进患者早日康复。     

2017年泰州市重点职业病危害因素接触人员职业健康风险评估分析

依据《江苏省重点职业病监测与职业健康风险评估工作实施方案》要求，分析泰州市职业健康检查、职业病诊断与鉴定、职业病患者工伤保险待遇落实及职业病报告信息。结果显示，2017年职业健康检查共16759人，检出职业病10例，疑似职业病23例，职业禁忌证22人。职业病患者均已享受工伤保险待遇。泰州市重点职业病危害因素为电焊烟尘、矽尘和噪声，应进一步加强职业健康监护工作。