卵巢囊肿诊治中国专家共识（2022年版）

卵巢囊肿（ovarian cyst）是妇科常见疾病，可发生于任何年龄段，以育龄期最为多见。卵巢囊肿多为良性，除个别因扭转、破裂等表现为急腹症外，一般无特异性症状。部分功能性卵巢囊肿可伴有月经紊乱、腹部不适等症状，多数随着囊肿的消退而逐渐消失。     

Functions of the endothelium and its role in hematopoietic cell transplantation

The endothelium is a single-layered structure that responds to physical and chemical signals with various factors it synthesizes. In the early days of its discovery, as the inner wall of the vessels, the endothelium was thought to be a simple barrier that lays on the surface. Over time it is discovered that endothelium maintains body homeostasis with the molecules it synthesizes, despite its simple single-layer structure. It has been accepted as an important organ that contributes to the maintenance of vascular tone, cell adhesion, inflammation, vascular permeability and coagulation. Any imbalance in these physiological and pathological events causes endothelial dysfunction. This can cause many diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, or it can occur because of these. Endothelial related disorders may also complicate hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is used to treat various hematologic and neoplastic diseases. These life-threatening complications include graft-versus-host disease, hepatic veno-occlussive disease, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. They share a similar pathophysiology involving endothelial cells with different clinical presentations. Therefore, current researche on the issue is putting the endothelium under the spotlight for novel markers and treatment options that should be used to monitor or treat at least some of these complications following HSCT.     

Functional estrogen receptor signal transduction pathway activity and antihormonal therapy response in low-grade ovarian carcinoma

Background

Advanced low-grade ovarian carcinoma (LGOC) is difficult to treat. In several studies, high estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression was observed in patients with LGOC, which suggests that antihormonal therapy (AHT) is a treatment option. However, only a subgroup of patients respond to AHT, and this response cannot be adequately predicted by currently used immunohistochemistry (IHC). A possible explanation is that IHC only takes the ligand, but not the activity, of the whole signal transduction pathway (STP) into account. Therefore, in this study, the authors assessed whether functional STP activity can be an alternative tool to predict response to AHT in LGOC.

Methods

Tumor tissue samples were obtained from patients with primary or recurrent LGOC who subsequently received AHT. Histoscores of ER and progesterone receptor (PR) were determined. In addition, STP activity of the ER STP and of six other STPs known to play a role in ovarian cancer was assessed and compared with the STP activity of healthy postmenopausal fallopian tube epithelium.

Results

Patients who had normal ER STP activity had a progression-free survival (PFS) of 16.1 months. This was significantly shorter in patients who had low and very high ER STP activity, with a median PFS of 6.0 and 2.1 months, respectively (p < .001). Unlike ER histoscores, PR histoscores were strongly correlated to the ER STP activity and thus to PFS.

Conclusions

Aberrant low and very high functional ER STP activity and low PR histoscores in patients with LGOC indicate decreased response to AHT. ER IHC is not representative of functional ER STP activity and is not related to PFS.     

lncRNA CYTOR靶向调控miR-503/CCNE1信号轴促进上皮性卵巢癌细胞增殖北大核心

目的:探讨细胞骨架调节剂(lncRNA cytoskeleton regulator,CYTOR)是否通过靶向调控miR-503来促进细胞周期蛋白E1(cyclin E1,CCNE1)影响上皮性卵巢癌增殖。方法:实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测CYTOR在不同临床分期、病理分级和有无淋巴结转移患者人上皮性卵巢癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织以及不同卵巢癌细胞中的表达;starBase数据库(网址:http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/)预测分析CYTOR和miR-503以及miR-503与CCNE1之间的关系,同时荧光素酶实验进行验证;RT-qPCR和免疫荧光分别检测miR-503与CCNE1在人上皮性卵巢癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织以及不同卵巢癌细胞中的表达;RNA转染技术在A2780中细胞分别沉默CYTOR、过表达miR-503和沉默CCNE1表达,CCK-8检测各组细胞增殖能力变化;RT-qPCR和免疫荧光检测沉默CYTOR后miR-503和CCNE1的表达以及过表达miR-503后CCNE1的表达。结果:CYTOR和CCNE1在上皮性卵巢癌组织中表达增加,同时在临床分期III-IV期、病理分级G_(3)级、淋巴结转移阳性患者肿瘤组织中表达同样显著增加且导致卵巢癌患者术后预后较差;通过数据库分析CYTOR可直接靶向抑制miR-503,而miR-503可直接靶向抑制CCNE1表达,双荧光素酶实验结果与之相同;CYTOR和CCNE1促进上皮性卵巢癌增殖,而miR-503抑制上皮性卵巢癌增殖作用。结论:lncRNA CYTOR通过调控miR-503/CCNE1轴促进上皮性卵巢癌的增殖。