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1.
青光眼是世界首位不可逆性致盲眼病, 中国作为原发性闭角型青光眼发病率最高国家, 重视和改进其治疗方法是降低致盲率的有效途径。随着微创青光眼手术(MIGS)技术的发展, 原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗方法更新迭代。本文汇总目前国内外相关文献, 总结MIGS在原发性闭角型青光眼联合手术治疗中的应用进展, 提示MIGS可能成为未来治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的优选联合方法, 为临床提高青光眼治疗水平提供参考。  相似文献   
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假体为基础的乳房重建(IBBR)可以减少或避免自体组织乳房重建手术供区的损伤和瘢痕,近十年来逐渐成为了乳腺癌术后主要的乳房重建方式,同时随着材料学的进步和乳腺外科的发展,补片材料辅助技术已经广泛应用于IBBR手术。特别是对于需要植入较大假体的病例,借助人工材料联合胸肌,起到“延伸”肌肉组织、无张力覆盖假体的作用,使重建乳房下皱襞更为饱满、自然,进一步降低手术创伤的同时也增加了重建乳房的美学效果。近期在国内进行的补片材料应用情况调查显示:我国区域经济发达状况和患者的经济条件是选择乳房重建和人工补片应用的主要因素。此外,由于中国女性乳房的形态特点不同于欧美女性,对于乳房体积较小的假体乳房重建,较少应用人工补片,因此,国内重建补片材料的应用更具个体化和区域性。  相似文献   
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目的应用锥形束CT(cone beamCT,CBCT)测量在上颌第一、第二磨牙间腭侧以不同角度植入微种植支抗钉时上颌第一、第二磨牙腭根间近远中向宽度,以及微种植支抗钉植入路径的黏膜厚度和骨组织厚度,为临床选择微种植支抗钉植入位置提供参考。方法选取90例成人患者,以其颌骨进行扫描重建的CBCT资料为研究对象,在上颌腭侧,第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间选取距上颌第一磨牙腭尖12、14、16、18 mm的软组织标志点作为测量位置,分别测量与牙长轴成30°、45°、60°、90°时上颌第一、第二磨牙腭根之间的近远中向宽度及微种植支抗钉植入路径的黏膜厚度和骨组织厚度。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析及LSD法两两比较。结果植入微种植支抗钉角度越大,上颌第一、第二磨牙腭根间的近远中向宽度越小,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与90°方向相比,以60°方向植入时近远中向宽度更大,接触相邻牙根的概率更小;植入角度越大,黏膜厚度越小,结果具有显著性差异(P<0.001),与30°、45°方向相比,以60°方向植入时黏膜厚度更小,微种植支抗钉进入骨组织内的长度更大更稳定。植入微种植支抗钉位置越高,近远中向宽度越大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与12、14 mm位置相比,距上颌第一磨牙腭尖16 mm植入时近远中向宽度更大,接触相邻牙根的概率更小;植入位置越高,黏膜厚度越大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),与18 mm位置相比,距上颌第一磨牙腭尖16 mm植入时黏膜厚度更小,微种植支抗钉进入骨组织内的长度更大,更稳定。结论在上颌第一、第二磨牙间腭侧,距上颌第一磨牙腭尖16 mm以60°方向植入微种植支抗钉较为安全。  相似文献   
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The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the accuracy of dynamic navigation for the placement of intentionally tilted implants in the posterior maxilla. The study included 12 patients with edentulism or continuous multiple tooth loss, who had 48 implants inserted under dynamic navigation guidance in the posterior maxilla. Twenty-four implants near maxillary sinuses were intentionally tilted. The average platform deviation was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm (range 0.8–2.3 mm), apex deviation was 1.1 ± 0.5 mm (range 0.2–2.3 mm), and axis deviation was 3.1 ± 1.0° (range 1.8–6.7°). The other 24 implants were axially positioned. The average platform deviation was 1.5 ± 0.5 mm (range 0.7–3.1 mm), apex deviation was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm (range 0.5–3.1 mm), and axis deviation was 3.2 ± 1.5° (range 1.5–7.7°). There was no significant difference in platform deviation, apex deviation, or axis deviation between the tilted implants and implants in the axial position (P > 0.05). This analysis indicates that a dynamic navigation system can be used as a method of guidance to place intentionally tilted implants as accurately as axially positioned implants in the posterior maxilla, thereby preventing damage to the maxillary sinuses and the need to graft bone.  相似文献   
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BackgroundPatellofemoral joint cartilage defects are difficult to treat due to their unique thickness and topography.PurposeTo report the postoperative outcomes of patients age 21 and younger treated with particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) for full-thickness cartilaginous defects of the patellofemoral joint. The primary aim was to report surgical outcomes and complication rates, as well as return to sport activity. A secondary aim was to provide objective scores of defect restoration by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment.MethodsA retrospective review of all PJAC cases conducted between 2012 and 2019 at a single tertiary care urban musculoskeletal institution was conducted. Patients 21 years old or younger with minimum clinical follow up of 1 year and postoperative MRI at a minimum of 6 months were included. Cartilage restoration by MRI was independently assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society’s (ICRS) standardized system.ResultsThirty four patients, 36 knees, were included, with mean age 16.1 ± 3.1 years old. Return to sport rate among patients who participated in a sport preoperatively was 100%. On independent MRI assessment, two thirds of defects achieved an overall grade of normal or nearly normal, while 28 patients (78%) had majority defect fill. Primary graft failure occurred in two cases and one patient experienced a surgical complication.ConclusionRestoration of patellofemoral chondral defects in young patients with particulated juvenile allograft results in satisfactory short-term outcomes and postoperative MRI appearance, along with high rates of return to sport and low rate of complications and graft failure.What is known about the subject: Patellofemoral joint cartilage defects are difficult to treat due to their unique thickness and topography. Several cartilage restoration techniques are available, but these rarely achieve the same mechanical properties as native hyaline cartilage. PJAC is a cell-based technique that has demonstrated promise since its introduction in 2007.What this study adds to existing knowledge: This series of patients adds the largest single cohort of pediatric and adolescent patients who receive PJAC for defects of the patellofemoral joint. Surgeons treating patients in this age group should be aware of every technique, and their respective outcomes.  相似文献   
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Mechanical intravascular hemolysis is frequently observed following procedures on heart valves and uncommonly observed in native valvular disease. In most cases, its severity is mild. Nevertheless, it can be clinically significant and even life threatening, requiring multiple blood transfusions and renal replacement therapy. This paper reviews the current knowledge on mechanical intravascular hemolysis in valvular disease, before and after correction, focusing on pathophysiology, approach to diagnosis, and impact of other hematological conditions on the resultant anemia. The importance of a multidisciplinary management is underscored. Laboratory data are provided about subclinical hemolysis that is commonly observed following the implantation of surgical and transcatheter valve prostheses and devices. Finally, clinical scenarios are reviewed and current medical and surgical treatments are discussed, including alternative options for inoperable patients.  相似文献   
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田甜  景慧  荆莉 《护理学杂志》2021,36(12):26-30
目的 分析与提取颈动脉支架植入术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 统计350例颈动脉狭窄支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率,行单因素和多因素分析获得术后患者谵妄相关危险因素,基此构建列线图预测模型,采用校正曲线和ROC曲线评估其准确度和区分度.结果 60例术后发生谵妄,发生率17.14%;高龄、术前NIHSS评分和术前焦虑是术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);由3项独立危险因素构建的谵妄风险列线图预测模型,预测曲线和观察曲线基本吻合,AUC=0.888.结论 颈动脉支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率较高;高龄、术前焦虑及脑卒中倾向是术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素;构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的准确度和区分度,可提高筛选效能.  相似文献   
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The paper is dedicated to the life prolongation of the tools designed for deep-hole drilling. Among available methods, an ion implantation process was used to improve the durability of tungsten carbide (WC)-Co guide pads. Nitrogen fluencies of 3 × 1017 cm−2, 4 × 1017 cm−2 and 5 × 1017 cm−2 were applied, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) measurements were performed for both nonimplanted and implanted tools. The durability tests of nonimplanted and the modified tools were performed in industrial conditions. The durability of implanted guide pads was above 2.5 times greater than nonimplanted ones in the best case, presumably due to the presence of a carbon-rich layer and extremely hard tungsten nitrides. The achieved effect may be attributed to the dissociation of tungsten carbide phase and to the lubrication effect. The latter was due to the presence of pure carbon layer with a thickness of a few dozen nanometers. Notably, this layer was formed at a temperature of 200 °C, much smaller than in previously reported research, which makes the findings even more valuable from economic and environmental perspectives.  相似文献   
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