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1.
《中国现代医生》2020,58(21):110-112
目的 探讨中药肠道灌洗联合血液净化治疗急性农药中毒的临床疗效。方法 选取2014年4月~2019年10月本院收治的50例急性农药中毒患者为研究对象,并根据不同的治疗方案将患者分为对照组与观察组,各25例,对照组采用常规治疗联合血液净化治疗,而观察组在对照组的基础上采用中药肠道灌洗治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及血压、血气指标情况。结果 治疗后,观察组的临床总有效率为96.00%,对照组为76.00%,两组比较,观察组明显高于对照组;同时观察组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)与酸碱度(pH)高于对照组,动脉血氧分压(PaO2)与动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 对急性农药中毒患者实施中药肠道灌洗联合血液净化治疗,能有效改善患者的血压、血气指标,具有显著的临床疗效。  相似文献   
2.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to describe the clinical correlates of hypotension and its associated outcomes in patients with acute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP).  相似文献   
3.
4.
Background: In a military or terrorist scenario, combination of organophosphorus compounds (OP) poisoning with physical trauma requiring surgical treatment and thus general anaesthesia are possible. Previous in vitro studies showed an altered potency of relevant anaesthetics during cholinergic crisis. Hence, it is not clear, which anaesthetics are suitable to achieve the necessary stage of surgical anaesthesia in OP poisoning.

Methods: In the present study, different anaesthetic regimens (ketamine-midazolam, propofol-fentanyl, thiopental-fentanyl), relevant in military emergency medicine, were examined in soman-poisoned rats. Clinical signs and cardiovascular variables were recorded continuously. Blood samples for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were drawn. After euthanasia or death of the animals, brain and diaphragm were collected for cholinesterase assays.

Results: Propofol-fentanyl and thiopental-fentanyl resulted in surgical anaesthesia throughout the experiments. With ketamine-midazolam, surgical anaesthesia without respiratory impairment could not be achieved in pilot experiments (no soman challenge) and was therefore not included in the study. Soman-poisoned and control animals required a comparable amount of propofol-fentanyl or thiopental-fentanyl. In combination with atropine, significantly less propofol was needed. Survival rate was higher with thiopental compared to propofol. Atropine improved survival in both groups. Blood and tissue AChE activities were strongly inhibited after soman administration with and without atropine treatment.

Discussion: The current in vivo study did not confirm concerns of altered potency of existing anaesthetic protocols for the application of propofol or thiopental with fentanyl due to soman poisoning. Despite severe cholinergic crisis, sufficient anaesthetic depth could be achieved in all animals.

Conclusion: Further experiments in in vivo models closer to human pharmaco- and toxicokinetics (e.g., swine) are required for confirmation of the initial findings and for improving extrapolation to humans.  相似文献   

5.
中药外源性污染物检测技术的现代研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
任晓航  杜锐  张旭  时坤  宗颖 《中草药》2019,50(10):2480-2490
中药外源性污染物残留现已成为引起中药不良反应的重要原因之一,按照其来源不同主要包括农/兽药残留、重金属污染、真菌毒素残留、病原微生物污染及其他有机污染物残留。对中药的主要外源性污染物的检查对象及检测方法的现代研究进行综述,为补充、完善、提升中药质量安全体系提供参考和依据。  相似文献   
6.
目的探讨大黄鼻饲、保留灌肠对重症有机磷中毒患者血清瓜氨酸水平及胃肠功能的影响。方法68例患者按入院先后顺序编码、按随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组两组各34例。对照组给予解毒剂阿托品、复能剂氯解磷定、血液灌流等综合治疗。观察组在对照组基础上给予生大黄鼻饲及保留灌肠。两组均连续治疗3 d。比较两组胃肠道功能恢复正常的时间和胆碱酯酶、血清瓜氨酸的变化情况,以及两组患者住重症监护室的时间。结果68例患者均全部治愈出院,无死亡病例。观察组胃肠障碍恢复至正常所需时间和住ICU时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。在给予大黄鼻饲、保留灌肠治疗前,两组全血胆碱酯酶活力及血清瓜氨酸含量比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。给予大黄鼻饲、保留灌肠治疗第3日,两组各指标均明显升高,观察组全血胆碱酯酶活力及血清瓜氨酸含量均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论生大黄鼻饲及灌肠可改善重症有机磷中毒患者胃肠功能,提高患者血清瓜氨酸水平,缩短病程,提高临床疗效。  相似文献   
7.
赵飞 《继续医学教育》2020,34(5):110-112
目的探讨急诊急救护理对有机磷农药中毒患者的效果。方法将2016年3月-2019年3月我院收治的74例有机磷农药中毒患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(n=37)和对照组(n=37)。对照组患者给予常规的急救护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予高效一体化急救护理。比较两组患者的洗胃时间、洗胃液体容量、胃内容物溢出率以及抢救成功率。结果观察组的洗胃时间、洗胃液体容量、胃内容物溢出率均要明显低于对照组;观察组患者抢救成功率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对有机磷农药中毒患者应用高效的急诊急救护理,能够明显减少患者的洗胃时间、洗胃液体容量、胃内容物溢出率,提高抢救成功率,值得临床应用。  相似文献   
8.
BACKGROUND:Penehyclidine is a newly developed anticholinergic agent.We aimed to investigate the role of penehyclidine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(OP)patients.METHODS:We searched the Pubmed,Cochrane library,EMBASE,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Biomedical literature(CBM)and Wanfang databases.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)recruiting acute OP patients were identifi ed for meta-analysis.Main outcomes included cure rate,mortality rate,time to atropinization,time to 60%normal acetylcholinesterase(AchE)level,rate of intermediate syndrome(IMS)and rate of adverse drug reactions(ADR).RESULTS:Sixteen RCTs involving 1,334 patients were identifi ed.Compared with the atropineor penehyclidine-alone groups,atropine combined with penehyclidine significantly increased the cure rate(penehyclidine+atropine vs.atropine,0.97 vs.0.86,RR 1.13,95%CI[1.07–1.19];penehyclidine+atropine vs.penehyclidine,0.93 vs.0.80,RR 1.08,95%CI[1.01–1.15])and reduced the mortality rate(penehyclidine+atropine vs.atropine,0.015 vs.0.11,RR 0.17,95%CI[0.06–0.49];penehyclidine+atropine vs.penehyclidine,0.13 vs.0.08,RR 0.23,95%CI[0.04–1.28]).Atropine combined with penehyclidine in OP patients also helped reduce the time to atropinization and AchE recovery,the rate of IMS and the rate of ADR.Compared with a single dose of atropine,a single dose of penehyclidine also signifi cantly elevated the cure rate,reduced times to atropinization,AchE recovery,and rate of IMS.CONCLUSION:Atropine combined with penehyclidine benefi ts OP patients by enhancing the cure rate,mortality rate,time to atropinization,AchE recovery,IMS rate,total ADR and duration of hospitalization.Penehyclidine combined with atropine is likely a better initial therapy for OP patients than atropine alone.  相似文献   
9.
1.?Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are known to interact with human ATP-binding cassette drug efflux pumps. The present study was designed to determine whether they can also target activities of human solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters.

2.?The interactions of 13 OPs with SLC transporters involved in drug disposition, such as organic cation transporters (OCTs), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), were mainly investigated using transporter-overexpressing cell clones and fluorescent or radiolabeled reference substrates.

3.?With a cut-off value of at least 50% modulation of transporter activity by 100?µM OPs, OAT1 and MATE2-K were not impacted, whereas OATP1B1 and MATE1 were inhibited by two and three OPs, respectively. OAT3 activity was similarly blocked by three OPs, and was additionally stimulated by one OP. Five OPs cis-stimulated OATP2B1 activity. Both OCT1 and OCT2 were inhibited by the same eight OPs, including fenamiphos and phosmet, with IC50 values however in the 3–30?µM range, likely not relevant to environmental exposure.

4.?These data demonstrated that various OPs inhibit SLC drug transporter activities, especially those of OCT1 and OCT2, but only when used at high concentrations not expected to occur in environmentally-exposed humans.  相似文献   

10.
目的:了解山药饮片中外源性有害物质的残留状况。方法:依据《中华人民共和国药典》和探索性研究方法对不同来源的山药饮片中的二氧化硫残留量、脱硫剂、重金属及有害元素、农药残留进行分析和评价。结果:168批样品中检出11批二氧化硫残留量超标,检出1批使用了脱硫剂;37批样品中检出2批汞元素超标;38批样品中检出5批含有国家禁用和限用农药残留(涕灭威砜、3-羟基克百威、甲拌磷砜、氟虫腈、杀虫脒),检出15批含有植物生长调节剂残留。结论:山药饮片中外源性有害物质以二氧化硫和农药残留为主,需要进一步加强生产监管,建议完善现行质量标准对农药残留进行限量控制。  相似文献   
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