可否允许器官买卖?——来自道义论和后果论的挑战

主要从道义论和后果论角度反对器官买卖，并提出可供参考的建议。器官买卖将人体器官商品化，侵犯了人的价值，同时，在器官买卖中卖者的自主性和知情同意是难以做到的；器官买卖足以使器官移植技术只为少数有钱人服务，变成富人的专利，加剧了社会的不平等，会导致富人对穷人的剥削。并在论证当中分别反驳了国外颇为流行的观点。     

"在线期刊-写作-讨论"结合教学与临床医学教育

以参加教学改革的(01)口腔大专2个班90人为实验组，以采取传统授课方式的(00)口腔大专2个班96人为对照组，实验组采用问卷调查，将实验组和对照组课后对授课内容进行测试的成绩进行横向对比，结果表明与“在线期刊-写作-讨论”结合的临床课教学方式对培养医学生的临床思雄能力、自学能力、解决问题的能力、学生自我表达能力、收集资料能力、文字表达能力等比传统教学方式有明显的提高，对提高临床医学专业专科医学生综合素质有明显的效果。     

重组毕赤酵母表达期菌体浓度的软测量模型

建立了用于在线估计高密度重组毕赤酵母培养过程中处于表达阶段的菌体密度软测量模型。分别对比了基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学软测量模型以及基于人工神经网络（ANN）的软测量模型，并对神经网络软测量模型的拓扑结构以及训练参数进行了初步探讨。当采用基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学模型，模型拟舍值的最大误差为7．63％；在采用神经网络软测量技术时，选取合适的模型结构和输入参数，最大误差为3．12％，而且软测量模型可以很好地反映菌体浓度实时变化趋势。该研究结果表明，在酵母细胞的高密度培养过程中采用基于神经网络的软测量模型具有较高的准确度，可以较好地实时反映发酵过程中菌体浓度的变化。     

实时在线咨询系统的功能与设计

结合国外图书馆网上实时参考咨询服务的研究与试验情况,详细阐述和分析了基于实时的虚拟参考咨询系统的功能和设计策略.     

网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿及影响因素研究

目的 探讨网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿及影响因素,为提高网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”的积极性提供参考。方法 2022年1—2月,采用便利抽样法选取广州市开展“互联网+护理服务”医院的279名网约护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、“互联网+护理服务”意愿影响因素量表和组织支持量表进行调查。结果 网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿得分(12.39±1.61),控制一般资料(职务、获得从业资格时间、居家护理服务经历)的影响后,发现感知风险、感知价值、便利条件、工具支持是网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿的影响因素(R²=0.641),可解释参与意愿变异的64.1%。结论 网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿处于中等偏上水平,为患者提供“互联网+护理服务”的意愿受感知风险、感知价值、便利条件和工具支持的影响。     

A simple cardiac contractility computer

A single-purpose analogue-computing device is described for the online assessment of the contractile state of the human myocardium from the left ventricular pressure (P_lv) data available during routine cardiac catheterisation. Due attention has been paid to the design of the computer circuits so that they will not process pressure phenomena outside the isovolumic contractile period. Either a \(\left( {\frac{1}{{P_{lv} }}\frac{{dP_{lv} }}{{dt}}} \right)_{max} \) or a plain \(\left( {\frac{{dP_{lv} }}{{dt}}} \right)_{max} \) index is presented on a digitalvoltmeter display, thus obviating the need for any graphical extrapolation or additional computation.     

Digital peer‐to‐peer information seeking and sharing: Opportunities for education and collaboration in newborn screening

Parents use the internet to connect with their peers and access information about a multitude of health topics, including newborn screening (NBS). As the NBS system evolves, education about NBS must be evaluated and updated to remain accessible and beneficial to parents. In this article, we aim to describe parents' current NBS educational needs and highlight areas to improve newborn screening education by detailing an analysis of NBS posts on an online parenting discussion platform. We analyzed a total of 317 discussion posts on BabyCenter®, finding that parents had questions about and desired support around many aspects of NBS including processes, results, and follow‐up. As a result of this analysis, three recommendations to improve NBS education were developed. Through collaboration and by leveraging technology, we can provide parents with accessible, timely, and desired NBS informational and social support.     

Processing of binaural stimuli by cat superior olivary complex neurons

Summary A method was developed to record stereotactically from the cat Superior Olivary Complex (SOC) using glass micropipettes. Sound stimulation was given through a closed system that permitted independent variation of interaural time (time) and intensity (int) differences. The most common binaural units found (n = 34) were ipsilateral excitatory, contralateral inhibitory (EI¹), cells of the Lateral Superior Olive (LSO). Some Medial Superior Olive (MSO) cells and presumed MSO ascending afferents were found but, as noted by other authors, we found it difficult to obtain single unit recordings from this nucleus. The LSO EI cells were mostly sensitive to higher frequencies and showed Peristimulus Time Histograms (PSTHs) consisting of a sharp On response followed by a plateau when stimulated with Best Frequency (BF) tone bursts or noise bursts. This On response was sensitive to time and int such that ipsilateral time lead or intensity increase resulted in a stronger response. The response reached a minimum around zero time or int. No sharp peaks or dips were seen in the physiological range needed for localization, instead the response increased with increasing ipsilateral lead or intensity to the maximum values tested (2048 s time, 30 dB int). In the physiological range the time and int response were complementary (both increasing response as ipsilaterality was increased). Provided enough sound energy in the unit's sensitive region was present, the same time curves were produced when BF tone bursts, masked tone bursts, sharp onset tone bursts or noise bursts were used. Changing the time of the carrier of the tone burst alone had no effect (except for one cell with a BF of 560 Hz), only the relative time of arrival of the stimulus envelope seemed to be important. In contrast to these LSO EI cells MSO-type units showed EI or EE predominantly low frequency phase-locked responses. When stimulated with interaurally phase shifted (pha) BF tones the unit response was a cyclic function of pha. Some cells (all that were tested, n = 6 including the 560 Hz LSO EI cell) showed these cyclic responses when stimulated with noise bursts or non-BF tones. However, these characteristic delays were not necessarily in the physiological range, i.e. we could find no evidence that these units were responding to time/pha values corresponding to a particular sound source direction. In both LSO and MSO it seems that integration of information higher in the CNS from a population of these cells is necessary for unambiguous coding of sound source direction. The time intensity trading ratios measured in two MSO type cells (11 and 26 /dB) were clearly different to those measured in LSO EI cells (n = 6, 99–550 s/dB). These ratios correspond approximately to those of the psychophysical time and int images measured by Hafter and Jeffress (1968).Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 45)     

Online Education and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Improve Dementia Caregivers' Mental Health: A Randomized Trial

ObjectivesTo compare online cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with and without telephone support respectively to online psychoeducation in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in caregivers of people with dementia with mild anxiety or depression.DesignThree-arm parallel-group RCT comparing online CBT with and without telephone support respectively to online psychoeducation.Setting and ParticipantsOnline study with caregivers of people with dementia.MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was mental health measured by General Health Questionnaire–12 (GHQ-12) at 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); the Relative Stress Scale (RSS) and the Short Sense of Competency Questionnaire. The primary analysis focused on people completing GHQ-12 at both baseline and 26 weeks, evaluated using analysis of covariance.Results638 people were randomized to the 3 treatment arms, of whom 208 were included in the analysis population. There were significant improvements in GHQ-12 in all treatment arms compared to baseline (P < .001 for all interventions), but neither CBT with nor without telephone support conferred any significant advantage compared to psychoeducation. For the secondary outcomes, there were no significant differences between CBT with telephone support and psychoeducation, but CBT without telephone support was less effective than psychoeducation with respect to HADS depression subscale [mean difference 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61, 3.11; P = .004] and caregiver stress (RSS mean difference 3.11, 95% CI 0.13, 6.09; P = .04). Good safety was achieved in all 3 treatment arms, with no deaths or serious adverse events.Conclusions and ImplicationsOnline CBT with telephone support and psychoeducation both achieved significant benefits over 26 weeks compared with baseline in mental health and mood, but there were no advantages for CBT compared with the psychoeducation intervention. CBT without telephone support was less effective with respect to mood outcomes than psychoeducation and should not be recommended based on current evidence.