单孔加一孔联合ERAS在高位直肠及乙状结肠癌中的应用

目的 探讨单孔加一孔腹腔镜手术联合 ERAS 治疗高位直肠及乙状结肠癌的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析 2017 年 11 月至2018 年 10 月在福建省肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤外科进行加速康复外科干预的 92 例高位直肠及乙状结肠癌患者资料，根 据手术方式的不同，分为单孔加一孔手术联合快速康复外科组39 例及常规腹腔镜手术联合ERAS 组 53 例，对比两组围术 期情况。结果 两组患者基线资料无明显统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05），且在手术时间、出血量、上下切缘、清扫淋巴结数量及 并发症方面无明显统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05）。但单孔加一孔手术联合ERAS 组较常规手术联合ERAS 组，总切口长度更短 [（6.7±1.1）cm 比（8.5±1.3）cm，P=0.000]，术后首次下床时间更早 [（22.2±5.2）h 比（27.1±7.9）h，P=0.001]，首次排便 时间更早[（70.2±19.8）h比（83.1±20.4）h，P=0.005]，术后第一天C反应蛋白值更低[（43.5±28.6）mg/L比（57.2±33.2） mg/L，P=0.038]，术后住院时间更短 [（7.0±1.7）d 比（8.1±2.1）d，P=0.010]，且术后 2~4 天疼痛评分更低（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 经验丰富的腔镜医师采用单孔加一孔手术治疗高位直肠及乙状结肠癌并联合 ERAS 干预是安全可行的，且单孔加一孔 手术可减低操作难度，具有疼痛轻、术后恢复快等优势，值得临床推广。     

《四圣心源》妇科病考略

黄元御在《四圣心源·妇人解》一卷中基于中气周流的理论阐述了妇人经、带、胎、产等生理现象的产生与疾病病因、病机及治法，其认为月经的产生也是中气周流的结果和体现，注重肝木在月经产生和调节中的重要作用，在治疗上注重调经养血，强调崇阳为要，指出顾护脾土乃胎妊之本，在用药上善用桂枝以温阳行血促中气升降流转。相关理论精炼而实用，值得后世医者研悟借鉴。     

Mixed Reality Combined with Three‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Updated Review with a Preliminary Case Presentation

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology, virtual reality, and augmented reality technology have been used to help surgeons to complete complex total hip arthroplasty, while their respective shortcomings limit their further application. With the development of technology, mixed reality (MR) technology has been applied to improve the success rate of complicated hip arthroplasty because of its unique advantages. We presented a case of a 59‐year‐old man with an intertrochanteric fracture in the left femur, who had received a prior left hip fusion. After admission to our hospital, a left total hip arthroplasty was performed on the patient using a combination of MR technology and 3D printing technology. Before surgery, 3D reconstruction of a certain bony landmark exposed in the surgical area was first performed. Then a veneer part was designed according to the bony landmark and connected to a reference registration landmark outside the body through a connecting rod. After that, the series of parts were made into a holistic reference registration instrument using 3D printing technology, and the patient's data for bone and surrounding tissue, along with digital 3D information of the reference registration instrument, were imported into the head‐mounted display (HMD). During the operation, the disinfected reference registration instrument was installed on the selected bony landmark, and then the automatic real‐time registration was realized by HMD through recognizing the registration landmark on the reference registration instrument, whereby the patient's virtual bone and other anatomical structures were quickly and accurately superimposed on the real body of the patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use MR combined with 3D printing technology in total hip arthroplasty.     

Bands of Fontana are caused exclusively by the sinusoidal path of axons in peripheral nerves and predict axon path; evidence from rodent nerves and physical models

The precise cause of the bands of Fontana, striations on peripheral nerves visible to the naked eye, has been the subject of debate for hundreds of years. Some researchers have described them as reflecting the sinuous course of nerve fibres passing through nerves, and others have proposed that endoneurial collagen and sheaths surrounding nerves play a role in their appearance. We hypothesised that the bands are caused exclusively by reflection of light from the surfaces of nerve fibres travelling in phase in sinusoidal waveforms through peripheral nerves. We aligned images of obliquely illuminated nerves with confocal images of axons in those nerves, and the numbers and positions of the bands precisely matched the axonal waves. We also developed three‐dimensional models of nerves with representations of the sinusoidal path of axons at their surface. We observed patterns resembling the bands of Fontana when these models were obliquely illuminated. This provides evidence that the bands of Fontana can be caused by light reflected sinusoidal path of axons alone. We subsequently describe a mechanism of band production based on our observations of both nerves and models. We report that smaller diameter nerves such as phrenic nerves and distal branches of sciatic nerves have shorter band intervals than larger nerves, such as proximal trunks of sciatic nerves, and that shorter band intervals correlate with longer axons per unit length of nerve, which suggests a greater tolerance to stretch. Inspection of banding patterns on peripheral nerves may permit prediction of axon length within nerves, and assist in the interpretation of nerve conduction data, especially in diseases where axon path has become altered.     

中度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病疲劳与多维度指标的关系

目的 探讨中度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患者疲劳与营养指标、生活质量指标、炎症指标、精神情绪指标的关系。方法 采用前瞻性研究,根据一般疲劳定义,从慢阻肺患者中随机选取中度稳定期慢阻肺疲劳患者30例(疲劳组)与中度稳定期慢阻肺非疲劳患者26例(非疲劳组)。收集两组一般资料、营养指标、生活质量指标、炎症指标、精神情绪指标,并进行比较。结果 两组性别、年龄、吸烟指数等方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);与非疲劳组相比,疲劳组白蛋白、血红蛋白、体重指数、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one-second, FEV1%)、6 min步行距离(6-minute walk distance, 6MWD)均显著降低(P<0.05),慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test, CAT)评分、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)、白细胞(WBC)计数、贝克抑郁和焦虑量表评分, 心理身体紧张松弛测试量表(PSTR)评分均较高(P<0.05)。 结论 疲劳与中度稳定期慢阻肺患者营养、生活质量、炎症、精神情绪有关,是建立慢阻肺患者多维度疲劳测量的重要部分。     

三维容积超声测量部分肢体体积在胎儿体重估测中的应用价值

目的分析三维容积超声测量部分肢体体积在胎儿体重估测中的应用价值情况。方法选择2015年4月至2019年4月在安阳市第三人民医院接受检查以及分娩的产妇206例的临床资料。产妇均接受三维超声部分肢体体积联合二维超声检查,分析其结果。结果把出生体重和超声参数开展相关性分析,探究大腿中段50%体积(TVol)、上臂中段50%体积(AVol)、大腿中段软组织厚度情况(STT)、腹围(AC)、股骨长(FL)、头围(HC)、双顶径(BPD)与新生儿出生体重呈现为线性关系。相关系数(r)分别为:0.816、0.701、0.544、0.590、0.377、0.411、0.399(P<0.05)。将新生儿出生体重视为因变量,把TVol、AVol、STT、AC、FL、HC、BPD视为自变量,开展多元回归分析依照具体的回归结果,TVol、AVol、AC、HC视为自变量,拟出多元线性回归方程,即:y=-2.751.157+6.785x1+8.775x2+13.594x3+4.582x4。对R方加以调整为0.795,证明拟合方程能体现出原始性数据。回归方程结果:F=51.258,P=0.000。结论利用三维超声可测量胎儿部分肢体体积,可在超声预测胎儿体重中发挥非常重要的作用,且该法有着操作简单、重复性高的优点,因此值得进一步在临床中推广应用。     

骨质疏松性骨折诊疗误区与“三位一体”骨修复策略

骨质疏松性骨折已经成为威胁我国老年人群健康的重大社会问题。相对于普通骨折,骨质疏松性骨折存在骨质量低下、骨缺损严重和骨愈合缓慢等难题,其治疗与康复具有相当难度,针对当前骨质疏松性骨折临床诊疗的主要问题,“三位一体”骨修复策略强调积极抗骨质疏松、合理骨植入和加速骨愈合观念。笔者重点总结骨质疏松性骨折的诊疗误区和修复策略?期望降低不良预后的发生,同时推进骨质疏松性骨折的临床规范化治疗,进一步改善患考的诊疗效果和生活质量。