Cytological and cytogenetic effects of the fluoroquinolone ofloxacin on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

The fluoroquinolone ofloxacin (OFLX) is one of the candidates of antibacterial agents to be topically used against periodontitis. To estimate the maximum concentration of OFLX which exerts little or no adverse effect on the periodontal ligament, cytological and cytogenetic effects of OFLX on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (Pel cells) were examined. Treatment of Pel cells with < or =0.3 mM OFLX for 24 or 48 h had little inhibitory effect on cellular growth and survival. DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in Pel cells did not decrease in response to treatment with < or =0.3 mM OFLX. The constitutive level of alkaline phosphatase mRNA was retained in cells treated with < or = 0.03 mM OFLX for 24 or 48 h. The level of type I procollagen mRNA was not affected by treatment with < or = 0.003 mM OFLX for 24 or 48 h. Cytogenetic effects of OFLX were evaluated by the ability of OFLX to induce chromosome aberrations in Pel cells. Treatment with OFLX at 0.3-3.0 mM for 6, 24, or 48 h failed to induce chromosome aberrations in Pel cells. The failure of OFLX to induce chromosome aberrations was seen even in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation using a 5% rat liver post-mitochondrial supernatant mixture. These results indicate that treatment of Pel cells with < or =0.003 mM OFLX has few or no adverse effects on the cytological and cytogenetic endpoints examined, suggesting that there would be little adverse effect on growth and differentiation of the periodontal ligament, as well as little cytogenetic activity, if OFLX were to be topically administered to the gingival crevice at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) against periodontopathic bacteria (< or = 0.0027 mM). It is important to note, however, that extrapolation of these findings to in vivo conditions has yet to be undertaken.     

Topical chemotherapy in human periodontitis using a new controlled-release insert containing ofloxacin. I. Microbiological observation

The recognition that destructive periodontal diseases may be caused by specific microorganisms in periodontal pockets has led to an increased interest in and usage of antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy. Recently, a new controlled-release insert containing ofloxacin, a synthetic antibiotic, has been developed. In this study, the controlled-release insert (PT-01) was microbiologically evaluated in combination with or without subgingival mechanical debridement. PT-01 was applied in the periodontal pockets of 27 patients with chronic periodontitis. Three sites with a deep probing pocket depth (greater than or equal to 5 mm) were randomly selected in different quadrants of each patient, and were assigned into three groups, i.e., PT-01 applied (T), placebo applied (P) and control sites (C). Periodontal treatments consisted of supragingival scaling with oral hygiene instruction for the first 2 weeks followed by root planing and subgingival scaling PT-01 was applied weekly on day 0 to 35, and the subgingival plaque samples from each site were collected on d 0, 14, 21 and 42. The dynamics of the subgingival microflora was investigated by dark field microscopy and by anaerobic and aerobic cultivation. In the supragingival scaling period, significant reduction in percentages of spirochetes and motile rods and significant increase of the percentage of coccoid cells were observed only at T sites. In addition, the total viable counts of bacteria, black-pigmented Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species were significantly reduced at T sites. After mechanical subgingival debridement, significant shifts in the proportion and reduction of the viable counts in the subgingival microflora were found at all sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

盐酸左氧氟沙星对盆腔炎的临床疗效探讨

目的 :观察分析临床上盐酸左氧氟沙星治疗盆腔炎的效果。方法 :观察对象为我院诊治的117例盆腔炎患者,依计算器随机数法随机分为治疗组和对照组,前者选用盐酸左氧氟沙星0.2 g静滴2次/d,后者给予氧氟沙星0.4 g静滴2次/d。观察比较疼痛缓解情况及阴道分泌物等临床表现改善状况。结果 :观察得1个疗程后,两组患者均有疗效,比较两组间临床症状改善的有效率,治疗组与对照组下腹痛改善的有效率之差为22.89%,附件压痛的有效率之差为29.21%,阴道分泌物异常的有效率之差为32.62%,两组间临床症状改善有效率差异显著,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论 :相较于氧氟沙星,盐酸左氧氟沙星的诊治效果佳、患者恢复情况好。     

In- Vitro Activity of Ofloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis

Summary

The in-vitro activity of ofloxacin was evaluated against recently isolated Chlamydia trachomatis strains from patients suffering from non-gonococcal urethritis.

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) proved to be 1 mg/1 against 8 of the 10 strains assayed (the MICs for the other two strains were 0.5 and 2 mg/1).

The data obtained confirm that ofloxacin is active against Chlamydia trachomatis at concentrations achievable with the routine dosage regimen. The drug may thus be regarded as potentially useful for the treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis due to Chlamydia.     

含左氧氟沙星序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效和安全性

[目的]评价含左氧氟沙星序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的疗效和安全性.[方法]将145例Hp感染患者随机分为治疗组76例和对照组69例.治疗组在前7 d应用兰索拉唑30 mg、阿莫西林1 000 mg,每日早晚两次口服,在接下来的7 d中,应用兰索拉唑30 mg、左氧氟沙星500 mg、替硝唑500 mg,每日早晚两次...     

重庆市肺结核患者异烟肼与丙硫异烟胺耐药状况分析

目的 了解重庆市结核分枝杆菌异烟肼(INH)、丙硫异烟胺(Pto)及其交叉耐药情况,为重庆市耐药结核病的防控提供参考。方法 根据重庆市2015-2017年39个区县培养阳性菌株的传统药敏试验结果,收集288例INH或Pto任意耐药菌株,分析其耐药情况。结果 288例菌株中,INH耐药菌株285例,Pto耐药菌株19例,交叉耐药菌株16例。复治患者INH 或Pto的耐药率均高于初治患者,年龄15~44岁患者Pto耐药率显著高于INH组。Pto耐药组Pre-XDR-TB及Ofx耐药率显著高于INH组。交叉耐药菌株中,年龄15~44岁组交叉耐药率较高,且 MDR-TB发生率高达93.8%。结论 重庆市INH与Pto耐药情况已较为严重,医生在为INH耐药患者制定化疗方案时应根据药敏结果,应谨慎选择Pto进行替代治疗,以避免更多耐药的发生。     

Ofloxacin: new applications for the prevention of urinary tract infections in renal graft recipients

C. Rafat, S. Vimont, P.Y. Ancel, Y.C. Xu‐Dubois, L. Mesnard, N. Ouali, M. Denis, A. Vandewalle, E. Rondeau, A. Hertig. Ofloxacin: new applications for the prevention of urinary tract infections in renal graft recipients
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 344–352. All rights reserved Abstract: Background. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), the most common form of bacterial infection in kidney transplant recipients, recently have been demonstrated to be detrimental for long‐term graft outcome. Therefore, reinforcing antibiotic prophylaxis might be vital, in addition to basic hygiene recommendations, surgical care, and prophylaxis by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Methods. In 2006, a Legionella pneumophila contamination of our department's water pipes meant that all the patients undergoing renal transplantation underwent a 1‐month regimen of ofloxacin (OFLO) (200 mg every other day). We took this opportunity to measure the incidence of UTI, including acute pyelonephritis (APN), in 100 consecutive patients transplanted before (n=50) and after (n=50) this treatment decision was reached. We also studied the antimicrobial resistance profiles in our department and in the rest of the hospital. Results. No patient developed Legionnaire's disease. A dramatic decrease in the incidence of UTI (?63%) was also seen in patients undergoing OFLO treatment. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the use of OFLO was independently associated with a reduction in UTI (odd ratio [OR]=0.31%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11–0.84, P=0.02) and APN (OR=0.21%, 95% CI 0.07–0.98, P=0.045). This protection was sustained during the whole first year post transplantation. As for resistance rates, we observed a decrease in the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin in our nephrology department, compared with that observed in the rest of the hospital. The incidence of multi‐resistant bacteria was stable. Discussion. Our unintentional extension of prophylactic antibiotherapy with OFLO gave rise to a dramatic decrease in the 1‐year incidence of UTI and APN in kidney recipients. Emergence of resistant strains is, however, a major concern.     

IV-to-oral switch therapy for community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: focus on gatifloxacin

The majority of the 1.1 million patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the United States begin therapy with an intravenous antibiotic. A switch to oral therapy as soon as patients are clinically stable reduces the length of hospitalization and associated costs. Fluoroquinolones are appropriate candidates for switch therapy. Gatifloxacin is an excellent choice when a fluoroquinolone is being considered for sequential switch therapy in the treatment of CAP requiring hospitalization.     

氧氟沙星胶囊生物利用度和药物动力学的研究

目的 :考察氧氟沙星胶囊的人体相对生物利用度及药代动力学 ,生物等效性 ,从而评价其临床疗效。方法 :泰利必妥片为对照品 ,选 10名志愿受试者 ,随机分成 2组 ,自身交叉服用 ,以高效液相色谱法检测血药、尿药浓度及生物利用度 ,进而对主要动力学参数进行分析。结果 :交叉口服氧氟沙星胶囊和泰利必妥片后 2组药物动力学特性接近 ,药动学参数基本一致 ,试验药品的相对生物利用度平均为 (10 6 2 3± 5 3 6) %。结论 :氧氟沙星胶囊和泰利必妥片生物等效。