喷雾激冷室喷嘴特性及喷嘴选型

设计了3种不同结构的用于喷雾激冷的压力雾化喷嘴,并对其进行优选研究。研究了不同压差对喷嘴流量、雾滴粒径和雾化角的影响,得到3种喷嘴的粒径变化规律。研究结果表明:当压差增大到0.28 MPa时,雾滴粒径、雾化角等参数的变化渐趋平缓;当压差较低时,雾滴粒径随喷射距离的增加先减小,后增大;当压差较高时,雾滴粒径随喷射距离的增大而减小。通过对3种喷嘴的综合比较,优选出喷嘴3作为后续喷雾激冷室大型冷模实验的定型喷嘴。     

乙氧基化反应喷嘴雾化和反应性能

外循环喷雾式反应器是目前国际最先进的乙氧基化反应器之一,其中乙氧基化反应喷嘴是核心设备,且对生产效率和产品质量起到决定性影响。建立了喷嘴的雾化性能试验台,它由喷雾系统、激光测量系统、高速摄像系统和流量分布测试系统4部分组成。对喷嘴的流量系数、流量分布、索特尔平均粒径、粒径分布和反应性能进行了试验研究,分别得到了它们随压降的变化关系;计算得到了粒径分布的概率密度函数,并与5种经验分布进行对比,发现Log-hyperbolic分布适用于乙氧基化反应喷嘴;分析讨论了喷嘴的周向不均匀度,以及径向流量分布可归纳为单峰、双峰和三峰3种形态。在上海某石化公司的乙氧基化反应器中测试喷嘴的反应性能,结果表明：索特尔平均粒径影响环氧乙烷的加成数和反应速率;粒径分布的宽度影响产品相对分子质量的分布宽度。     

Capabilities and Limitations of Fire-Shaping to Produce Glass Nozzles

Microfluidic devices for drop and emulsion production are often built using fire-shaped (or fire-polished) glass nozzles. These are usually fabricated manually with inexpensive equipment. The shape limitations and poor reproducibility are pointed as the main drawbacks. Here, we evaluate the capabilities of a new fire-shaping approach which fabricates the nozzle by heating a vertical rotating capillary at the Bottom of a Lateral Flame (BLF). We analyze the effect of the heating conditions, and the capillary size and tolerances. The shape reproducibility is excellent for nozzles of the same size produced with the same conditions. However, the size reproducibility is limited and does not seem to be significantly affected by the heating conditions. Specifically, the minimum neck diameter standard deviation is 3%. Different shapes can be obtained by changing the heating position or the capillary dimensions, though, for a given diameter reduction, there is a minimum nozzle length due to the overturning of the surface. The use of thinner (wall or inner diameter) capillaries allows producing much shorter nozzles but hinders the size reproducibility. Finally, we showed an example of how the performance of a microfluidic device is affected by the nozzle shape: a Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN) built with a higher convergent rate nozzle works over a wider parametric range without whipping.     

大喷嘴间距对置撞击流径向速度分布

采用ＤＡＮＴＥＣ公司的三维激光动态粒子分析仪（Ｄｕａｌ ＰＤＡ）测定了大喷嘴间距同轴对置两流肌及四流肌撞击后的径向速度分布。实验结果表明不同喷嘴直径及射流速度时大喷嘴间距两汉肌及四汉肌撞击后的最大径向速度与射流初速度、喷嘴直径和喷嘴间距有关,最大径向速度对应的径向距离与喷嘴直径无关,径向速度分布具有相似性。     

Compressed air noise reductions from using advanced air gun nozzles in research and development environments

The aims of this study were to evaluate sound levels produced by compressed air guns in research and development (R&D) environments, replace conventional air gun models with advanced noise-reducing air nozzles, and measure changes in sound levels to assess the effectiveness of the advanced nozzles as engineering controls for noise. Ten different R&D manufacturing areas that used compressed air guns were identified and included in the study. A-weighted sound level and Z-weighted octave band measurements were taken simultaneously using a single instrument. In each area, three sets of measurements, each lasting for 20 sec, were taken 1 m away and perpendicular to the air stream of the conventional air gun while a worker simulated typical air gun work use. Two different advanced noise-reducing air nozzles were then installed. Sound level and octave band data were collected for each of these nozzles using the same methods as for the original air guns. Both of the advanced nozzles provided sound level reductions of about 7 dBA, on average. The highest noise reductions measured were 17.2 dBA for one model and 17.7 dBA for the other. In two areas, the advanced nozzles yielded no sound level reduction, or they produced small increases in sound level. The octave band data showed strong similarities in sound level among all air gun nozzles within the 10–1,000 Hz frequency range. However, the advanced air nozzles generally had lower noise contributions in the 1,000–20,000 Hz range. The observed decreases at these higher frequencies caused the overall sound level reductions that were measured. Installing new advanced noise-reducing air nozzles can provide large sound level reductions in comparison to existing conventional nozzles, which has direct benefit for hearing conservation efforts.