去甲斑蝥素N-乳糖酰壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其特性研究

目的 合成N-乳糖酰壳聚糖作为肝靶向载体,制备去甲斑蝥素纳米粒.方法 通过碳二亚胺缩合法制备N-乳糖酰壳聚糖,并以之为载体,采用离子诱导法制备去甲斑蝥素N-乳糖酰壳聚糖纳米粒,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量为综合指标,正交试验设计优化载药纳米粒的制备工艺,并考察其体外释放特性.结果 合成的N-乳糖酰壳聚糖的取代度为8.92%,优化工艺制备的N-乳糖酰壳聚糖载药纳米外观圆整,平均粒径(118.7±8.84)niB,包封率(57.92±0.40)%,载药量(10.38±0.06)%,其体外释药遵循Higuchi方程.结论 半乳糖修饰壳聚糖载药纳米粒具有良好的缓释特性.     

去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗大鼠肝癌疗效及其机制研究

目的探讨去甲斑蝥素-海藻酸/聚酸酐微球(norcantharidin-alginicacid/polyacidanhydridemicro-spheres,N-MS)介入治疗大鼠肝癌的作用及其机制。方法采用乳化-化学交联法制备N-MS。建立大鼠肝癌模型,将荷瘤大鼠随机分为空白对照组、去甲斑蝥素(norcantharidin,NCTD)组、空白微球(blankmicro-sphere,B-MS)组、NCTD-碘油组和N-MS组。各组荷瘤大鼠分别经肝动脉注入生理盐水、NCTD、B-MS、NCTD-碘油和N-MS。治疗后,观察各组大鼠生存时间、肝肿瘤体积和肝肿瘤坏死程度;采用TUNEL法检测各组大鼠肝肿瘤细胞凋亡指数;采用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接法(streptavidin-biotinperoxidasemethod,SP)检测各组大鼠肝肿瘤细胞Ki-67的表达。结果治疗后,N-MS组大鼠的生存期较其他各组明显延长;肝肿瘤体积小于其他各组;肿瘤生长率和肝肿瘤细胞Ki-67的表达明显低于其他各组;肿瘤坏死程度和肝肿瘤细胞凋亡指数均高于其他各组,差异均有统计学意义。结论N-MS经肝动脉介入对大鼠肝癌具有较好的治疗作用,其作用机制与栓塞肿瘤微血管、缓慢释放NCTD、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和下调Ki-67的表达,从而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖有关。     

离子交换色谱法测定去甲基斑蝥素乳剂的含量

目的:建立离子交换色谱法测定去甲基斑蝥素乳剂含量的方法.方法:采用Hypersil SAX色谱柱(250mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以0.3%磷酸-甲醇(75:25)为流动相,流速0.6 mL·min-1;检测波长:210 nm;柱温:室温.结果:在本色谱条件下测定去甲基斑蝥素线性范围为2～80 μg·mL-1,相关系数r=0.999 9;高、中、低3个浓度的平均日内精密度RSD值分别为0.41%,0.46%和0.57%,日间精密度RSD分别为4.2%,6.2%和4.5%(n=5),样品测定方法回收率平均为98.9%,最低检测浓度为0.05 μg·mL-1.结论:本方法简便快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好.     

NCTD通过靶向Hedgehog/SOX2 axis抑制急性髓系白血病HL60细胞的增殖

目的:研究去甲斑蝥素(NCTD)通过抑制Hedgehog信号通路(SHH)关键调节因子及其下游转录因子SOX2对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖的影响。方法:HL60和NB4细胞系经NCTD、SMO和GLI1抑制剂培养24h后,用CCK8检测细胞数目;HL60细胞系经NCTD处理后,利用免疫印迹法检测GLI1、SMO、SOX2的表达情况;将表达GLI1或SOX2的pcDNA3.1质粒转染至HL60细胞,空载体pcDNA3.1和pcDNA 3.1-EGFP分别作为阴性、阳性对照;免疫印迹法检测外源性GLI1、SOX2的表达水平,CCK8检测HL60细胞生长曲线及数目的变化;基因修饰的HL60细胞系经不同浓度NCTD作用后检测HL60细胞增殖情况。结果:NCTD,SMO及GLI1抑制剂以剂量依赖的方式抑制NB4/HL60细胞的增殖。与二甲基亚砜溶剂处理的对照组相比,NCTD可以显著降低SMO、GLI1和SOX2的蛋白水平。与pcDNA3.1空载体转染组相比,GLI1和SOX2在HL60细胞中过表达。生长曲线证实,GLI1/SOX2具有显著增殖优势。CCK8检测表明GLI1/SOX2过表达的HL60细胞对NCTD更具耐药性。结论:NCTD可通过靶向Hedgehog/SOX2 aixs抑制HL60的增殖。     

去甲斑蝥素抑制黑色素瘤M14细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of norcantharidin on the proliferation and apoptosis related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 of human melanoma M14 cells. Methods Melanoma M14 cell line cultured in vitro was treated with concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 μg / L norcantharidin respectively, and untreated cells were used as control. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method after treatment for 24 h and 48 h. Morphology of cells was observed under inverted microscope. DAPI nuclear staining was used to observe the morphological changes of apoptosis under fluorescence microscope. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot assay. Results CCK-8 results showed that concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/L norcantharidin inhibited the proliferation of melanoma M14 cells after treatment for 24 h and 48 h (P＜0.05), and the higher the concentration, the more significant the inhibitory effect. The cells showed irregular contours, nucleus shrinkage, small volume, and poor cell adhesion of apoptosis changes under inverted microscope and fluorescence microscope. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of Bcl-2 decreased gradually with the increased concentration of norcantharidin (P＜0.05), and the relative expression of Bax increased gradually (P＜0.05).Conclusion Norcantharidin can inhibit the proliferation of melanoma M14 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of apoptosis.     

两种去甲斑蝥素注射剂型对小鼠移植性肝癌抑制作用比较

目的:比较去甲斑蝥素注射液普通剂型和缓释剂型的抗肿瘤效果,研发增强去甲斑蝥素抗肿瘤作用的新剂型。方法:选择药物缓释辅料泊洛沙姆407,将去甲斑蝥素制成注射用缓释剂,观察其对小鼠H 22皮下移植瘤和腹水瘤的抗肿瘤效果。结果:缓释剂型组对小鼠皮下肿瘤的抑瘤率为53.7%,优于普通剂型组的26.0%(P<0.05);缓释剂型组对小鼠腹水瘤的生命延长率为40.2%,优于普通剂型组的19.6%(P<0.01)。结论:去甲斑蝥素缓释剂型注射液的抗肿瘤效果优于普通剂型注射液。     

去甲基斑蝥酸钠脂质微球体内外评价

目的制备去甲基斑蝥酸钠脂质微球并对其体外各项性质及大鼠体内药代动力学特征进行研究。方法 分别采用动态光散射法、HPLC法和反向透析技术考察了制剂的粒径、 ζ-电位、含量、包封率、体外不同介质中的释放特性及以不同介质稀释后样品的性质变化等对制剂做出较全面的体外质量评价。以去甲基斑蝥酸钠注射液为参比制剂，HPLC-MS法测定了大鼠体内药代动力学。结果制剂各项理化性质较好，平均粒径约为200 nm， ζ-电位为-38 mV，含量约100%，包封率约85%。在pH 7.8的PBS中药物1 h释放约50%，4 h释放约85%以上。以葡萄糖注射液稀释样品的粒径、 ζ-电位值变化较小，以5倍量稀释时制剂在2 h内的包封率可保持在80%以上。单剂量股静脉注射脂质微球的药代动力学参数AUC为111.28 μg·mL^-1·h^-1，血药浓度数据符合双隔室模型。实验表明本制剂与注射液体内各项血浆药代动力学参数无明显差异。结论脂质微球各项性质较理想且并未改变药物体内血浆药代动力学特征。     

去甲斑蝥素缓释制剂毒性与疗效的实验研究

目的：初步探讨去甲斑蝥素缓释制剂的减毒增效作用。方法：选择泊洛沙姆407作为去甲斑蝥素局部用药的载体,将去甲斑蝥素制成缓释剂型,在初步证实该制剂兔肝内注射后确能缓慢释放的前提下,比较不同剂型的去甲斑蝥素的毒性及对荷W256肿瘤大鼠的抗肿瘤效果。结果：（1）去甲斑蝥素缓释制剂肝内注射后在局部至少能停留4 h;（2）去甲斑蝥素缓释制剂的毒性明显低于单纯去甲斑蝥素;（3）去甲斑蝥素缓释剂型治疗组大鼠肿瘤生长受到显著抑制,肿瘤组织坏死广泛,治疗后平均生存期延长（与单纯去甲斑蝥素组相比,P<0.05）,综合疗效优于单纯去甲斑蝥素组。结论：去甲斑蝥素缓释制剂肝内局部注射能够通过延缓去甲斑蝥素的释放速度,增加其与肿瘤细胞直接作用的时间等途径达到减毒增效的目的。     

The targeting effect of Hm2E8b–NCTD–liposomes on B-lineage leukaemia stem cells is associated with the HLF–SLUG axis

To identify an agent with specific activity against B-lineage leukaemia stem cells (B-LSCs), we generated norcantharidin (NCTD)-encapsulated liposomes modified with a novel humanised anti-human CD19 monoclonal antibody, Hm2E8b (Hm2E8b–NCTD–liposomes). These liposomes were specially designed to recognise and kill B-LSCs in vitro, and to decrease non-specific cytotoxicity to untargeted cells. Hm2E8b–NCTD–liposomes selectively ablated B-LSCs through targeting hepatic leukaemia factor (HLF), which is implicated in haematopoietic stem cell regulation and is overexpressed in LSCs. Hm2E8b–NCTD–liposomes decreased HLF protein levels and induced apoptosis in the HAL-01 cell line harbouring the oncoprotein E2A–HLF. This resulted in modulation of the expression of several molecules that govern survival pathways, including HLF, SLUG, NFIL3 and C-Myc, thereby causing the induction of p53 and the mitochondrial caspase cascade. Therefore, the potent in vitro effect of Hm2E8b–NCTD–liposomes on B-LSC activity and survival pathways have the potential to be exploited clinically with appropriate drug combinations.     

去甲基斑蝥素纳米粒肠道吸收的体内外相关性研究

目的 考察去甲基斑蝥素壳聚糖纳米粒(NCTD-CS-NP)的体外释放以及其在体、离体肠吸收特征,并建立三者之间的相关性.方法 采用离子诱导交联法制备NCTD-CS-NP,动态透析法考察其体外释药动力学;以去甲基斑蝥素(NCTD)水溶液为对照,采用大鼠离体外翻肠法与在体同流法研究纳米粒制剂在大鼠小肠区段内的吸收规律;并对体外释放、离体及在体肠吸收进行相关性研究.结果 NCTD与NCTD-CS-NP在大鼠小肠部位的吸收速率常数(K_a)依次为:十二指肠>空肠>回肠>结肠;两种剂型在十二指肠的K_a分别为15.69、29.16 h~(-1),纳米粒制剂的吸收显著好于水溶液;同一剂型,不同质量浓度药物的大鼠小肠部位的吸收速率之间无显著影响(P>0.05),均符合一级吸收动力学过程;离体小肠外翻吸收的趋势与在体吸收一致.仅K_a稍有降低,二者呈现良好的相关性(r=0.999 4).结论 壳聚糖纳米粒有利于药物释放,可有效促进NCTD在肠黏膜的吸收;NCTD在肠道中上部吸收明显,药物质量浓度对吸收速率尤显著影响;NCTD体外释药、在体、离体肠吸收三者之间相关性良好.