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目的 使用磁共振扩散张量成像技术(DTI)研究视网膜色素变性(RP)患者的视神经改变及其与视野检查的相关性。方法 46例RP患者(RP组)和46例健康对照志愿者(对照组)进行了前瞻性研究。所有受试者进行3.0T MRI-DTI扫描检测,使用简化的小视野扩散张量成像(rFOV-DTI)序列推导出单个视神经的各向异性(FA)、平均弥散系数 (MD)、平行扩散系数(λ//)、垂直扩散系数(λ⊥),获得平均分数FA、平均扩散率和特征值图,用于定量分析。进一步分析视野平均偏差(MDVF)与患者的分数FA、平均扩散率、λ//及λ⊥的相关性。结果 RP组与对照组受试者间年龄和体质量等差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),而两组之间最佳矫正视力和MDVF差异均具有统计学意义(均为P=0.000)。与对照组相比,RP组患者视神经FA降低,MD、λ//、λ⊥升高,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。RP组患者两侧视神经的FA、MD、λ//和λ⊥与MDVF行相关性分析,视神经FA及λ⊥与MDVF有显著相关性(右侧:r=-0.864、0.719,均为P<0.001;左侧:r=-0 .997、r=0.830,均为P<0.001);MD与MDVF不相关(右侧:r=-0.026,P=0.866;左侧:r=-0.115,P=0.445)。结论 rFOV-DTI测量值可用于RP患者视神经轴突和髓鞘病变的早期诊断。  相似文献   
3.
ObjectivesThe recently developed Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) allows ascertainment of frailty from administrative data. We aimed to compare the HFRS against the widely used FRAIL Scale and Frailty Index.DesignPopulation-based cohort study linked to Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data Collection and Death Registrations.Setting and ParticipantsThe Health in Men Study with frailty determined at Wave 2 (2001/2004), mortality in the 1-year period following Wave 2, and disability at Wave 3 (2008). Participants were 4228 community-based men aged ≥75 years, followed until Wave 3.MeasurementsWe used multivariable regression to determine the association between each frailty measure and outcomes of length of stay (LOS), death, and disability. We also determined if the additional cases of frailty identified by one measure over the other was associated with these outcomes.ResultsOf 4228 men studied, the HFRS (n = 689) identified fewer men as frail than the FRAIL Scale (n = 1648) and Frailty Index (n = 1820). In the fully adjusted models, all 3 frailty measures were associated with longer LOS and mortality, whereas only the FRAIL Scale and Frailty Index were significantly associated with disability. The additional cases of frailty identified by the FRAIL Scale and Frailty Index had longer LOS and greater risks of death and disability. The fully adjusted hazard ratio for death among the additional cases of frailty identified by the FRAIL Scale (compared to being not frail on both HFRS and FRAIL Scale) was 2.14 (95% CI 1.48-3.08).Conclusions and ImplicationsThe HFRS is associated with adverse outcomes. However, it identified approximately 60% fewer men who were frail than the FRAIL Scale and Frailty Index, and the additional cases identified were also at high risks of adverse outcomes. Users of the HFRS should be aware of the differences with other frailty measures.  相似文献   
4.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a serious complication of anti-resorptive therapy used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and cancerous bone metastases. In this study, patients with either multiple myeloma or solid tumours with a simultaneous or subsequent record of anti-resorptive treatment or bone metastases were identified using population-based medical registries. These patients were followed for the outcome of ONJ. Considering death as a competing risk, the cumulative incidence of ONJ was estimated, overall and by cancer site. Patients who developed ONJ were followed for the outcome of death overall and by several risk factors for ONJ. A total of 33,975 cancer patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified; 233 incidents of ONJ and a cumulative incidence of 1.9% (95% confidence interval 1.6–2.3%) over a maximum follow-up time of 7.5 years were observed. The 5-year cumulative incidence was 1.3% (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.6%) and varied by cancer site. There were 126 deaths among cancer patients with ONJ over a maximum follow-up time of 6.4 years, resulting in a 5-year mortality of 91% (95% confidence interval 81–97%). Mortality among patients with ONJ varied by cancer site, osteonecrosis stage, and by history of trauma to the mucosa.  相似文献   
5.
李君  苏荣玉  周华  唐海立  金松 《口腔医学》2022,42(7):637-640
目的 评价自后端摘除舌下腺在治疗舌下腺囊肿中的临床应用价值。方法 收集本科室曾经收治的86例舌下腺囊肿患者资料,均使用摘除患侧舌下腺的手术治疗方案,从术中出血量、手术时长及手术并发症发生率,比较传统舌下腺摘除术和由后端向前逆向摘除术的临床治疗效果。结果 逆向摘除组较传统术式组术中出血量明显减少,统计分析差异有统计学意义(t=8.89,P<0.01)。手术时长明显缩短,统计分析差异有统计学意义(t=14.85,P<0.01)。手术并发症发生率明显降低(10.7%到0%),但统计分析差异无统计学意义。结论 由后端向前端逆向摘除舌下腺降低了手术并发症发生率,减少了术中出血量,缩短了手术时间,提高了手术安全性,适合在舌下腺摘除术中推广使用。  相似文献   
6.
Access to and delivery of quality mental health services remains challenging in rural and remote Canada. To improve access, services, and support providers, improved understanding is needed about nurses who identify mental health as an area of practice. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics and context of practice of registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and registered psychiatric nurses (RPNs) in rural and remote Canada, who provide care to those experiencing mental health concerns. Data were from a pan-Canadian cross-sectional survey of 3822 regulated nurses in rural and remote areas. Individual and work community characteristics, practice responsibilities, and workplace factors were analysed, along with responses to open-ended questions. Few nurses identified mental health as their sole area of practice, with the majority of those being RPNs employed in mental health or crisis centres, and general or psychiatric hospitals. Nurses who indicated that mental health was only one area of their practice were predominantly employed as generalists, often working in both hospital and primary care settings. Both groups experienced moderate levels of job resources and demands. Over half of the nurses, particularly LPNs, had recently experienced and/or witnessed violence. Persons with mental health concerns in rural and remote Canada often receive care from those for whom mental health nursing is only part of their everyday practice. Practice and education supports tailored for generalist nurses are, therefore, essential, especially to support nurses in smaller communities, those at risk of violence, and those distant from advanced referral centres.  相似文献   
7.
Given the close proximity of nerves to veins commonly accessed for phlebotomy, venipuncture at the antecubital fossa has resulted in nerve injury, including damage to the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Although rare, direct needle trauma can cause paresthesia, radiating arm pain, and weakness of the hand or forearm. This case report describes a healthy female who experienced 3 weeks of venipuncture-related paresthesia and pain after an atraumatic venipuncture in the primary care setting.  相似文献   
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9.
向征  石赟懿  谭钢 《眼科新进展》2022,(10):769-774
目的 探讨一氧化氮(NO)对角膜神经再生的影响作用。方法 本研究以亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)作为外源性NO供体,在细胞实验中以小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞(Neuro-2a)为研究对象。采用不同浓度的NaNO2处理Neuro-2a细胞并筛选出NO的最佳神经营养浓度。在动物实验中,将30只SD 大鼠随机分组,10只作为NC组,其余20只大鼠建立角膜碱烧伤模型,再随机分为PBS组和NO组,每组10只。从碱烧伤当天开始,PBS组给予PBS治疗,NO组给予10.00 μmol·L-1 NaNO2与PBS混合治疗。用荧光素钠染色后观察并记录大鼠角膜上皮愈合情况,计算角膜上皮愈合率。用CCK-8检测细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,免疫荧光法检测细胞神经元标记物的表达。于大鼠角膜碱烧伤处理后7 d取大鼠角膜上皮组织,分别采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法检测每组角膜上皮中神经元标志物βⅢ-微管蛋白和神经生长因子(NGF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)的表达水平。结果 10.00 μmol·L-1 NaNO2处理Neuro-2a细胞24 h后可显著提高细胞活性;使用浓度为0.00 μmol·L-1、10.00 μmol·L-1、1000.00 μmol·L-1的NaNO2处理Neuro-2a细胞24 h后,测得细胞凋亡率分别为18.60%、13.00%、19.48%;与0.00 μmol·L-1组相比,10.00 μmol·L-1组细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.01)。与0.00 μmol·L-1组相比,10.00 μmol·L-1组Neuro-2a细胞βⅢ-微管蛋白、MAP2和SMI312三种神经元标志物相对表达量均增加(均为P<0.05) 。碱烧伤后1 d、3 d、7 d,与PBS组相比,NO组大鼠角膜上皮愈合率均升高(均为P<0.05) 。与NC组相比,PBS组和NO组大鼠角膜组织各神经营养因子mRNA的相对表达量均增高(均为P<0.05)。与PBS组相比,NO组大鼠角膜组织NGF、GDNF、CNTF mRNA的相对表达量均增高(均为P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果显示:碱烧伤后7 d,与NC组相比,PBS组和NO组大鼠角膜组织βⅢ-微管蛋白、NGF、GDNF、CNTF的蛋白表达水平均增高(均为P<0.05);与PBS组相比,NO组大鼠角膜组织βⅢ-微管蛋白、NGF、GDNF、CNTF蛋白的表达水平均明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论 气体信号分子NO能促进神经细胞的生长以及相关神经元标志物的表达;在大鼠角膜碱烧伤模型中,局部应用外源性NO进行治疗,可对角膜上皮和角膜神经产生明显的营养作用。  相似文献   
10.
目的 探讨超声引导下微波消融术治疗甲状腺良性结节过程中对喉返神经及甲状旁腺的损伤保护措施及其解剖基础。 方法 选取2017年1月到2019年6月行1射频消融治疗的甲状腺疾病患者52例,观察术后结节大小、血流信号变化、甲状腺激素水平、并发症发生情况等。 结果 术后超声随访结节的体积较治疗前不同程度缩小(P<0.05)。 结论 加强隔离带技术可以有效保护喉返神经及甲状旁腺,降低损伤风险。  相似文献   
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