膳食炎症指数与炎症的相关性及研究进展

膳食炎症指数(DII)来源于将饮食和炎症联系起来的文献,被开发用来量化饮食的整体炎症潜能。饮食在调节慢性炎症中起着核心作用,是重要的调节因子,如果饮食的炎症潜能很高,则能够激发免疫调节作用,引起慢性炎症。DII可用于评估和指导个人饮食计划。本研究收集国外相关文献,就DII与炎症之间的相关性予以综述,以期通过减少饮食中的炎性成分而对慢性炎症引起的相关疾病进行一级预防。     

牙龈间充质干细胞递送支架载体的研究进展

组织工程技术通过利用支架材料、种子细胞、生长因子以达到修复或再生组织器官的目的。支架材料的作用是为种子细胞提供机械支撑并且保护细胞免受体内有害微环境的影响。因此,选择或制备适当的支架材料是组织工程中的关键一步。近年来,将支架材料和牙龈间充质干细胞(gingival mesenchymal stem cells,GMSCs)联合应用于组织工程的研究逐渐走向成熟。本文就组织工程中牙龈间充质干细胞递送支架载体的研究现状进行综述,以期为GMSCs组织工程递送支架载体材料的开发和选择提供思路。     

American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors

The overall 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers combined is now 68%, and there are over 16.9 million survivors in the United States. Evidence from laboratory and observational studies suggests that factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity may affect risk for recurrence and overall survival after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this American Cancer Society guideline is to provide evidence-based, cancer-specific recommendations for anthropometric parameters, physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake for reducing recurrence and cancer-specific and overall mortality. The audiences for this guideline are health care providers caring for cancer survivors as well as cancer survivors and their families. The guideline is intended to serve as a resource for informing American Cancer Society programs, health policy, and the media. Sources of evidence that form the basis of this guideline are systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, pooled analyses of cohort studies, and large randomized clinical trials published since 2012. Recommendations for nutrition and physical activity during cancer treatment, informed by current practice, large cancer care organizations, and reviews of other expert bodies, are also presented. To provide additional context for the guidelines, the authors also include information on the relationship between health-related behaviors and comorbidities, long-term sequelae and patient-reported outcomes, and health disparities, with attention to enabling survivors' ability to adhere to recommendations. Approaches to meet survivors' needs are addressed as well as clinical care coordination and resources for nutrition and physical activity counseling after a cancer diagnosis.     

经阴道单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的应用

目的经阴道单孔腹腔镜手术是新兴的经自然腔道内镜手术之一，它具有无体表瘢痕、术后疼痛减轻等特点，它在妇科领域的应用越来越广泛。本文旨在探究经阴道单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的手术技巧及应用难点。 方法选取广州医科大学附属第三医院1例子宫肌瘤病例，逐步讲解经阴道单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的手术步骤及方法，演示手术技巧。 结果手术顺利完成，术中出血量少，术后病理提示坏死性肌瘤。患者的左下腹疼痛得到了缓解。术后随访3个月，患者恢复良好，无并发症。 结论经阴道单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术是可行的，可以有效地清除病灶。但该术式对手术医师的技术提出了更高的要求，学习曲线延长，并且需要远期随访及进一步研究来评估其安全性。     

A discussion of the unresolved 2016/17 plans for regulating the Polish dietary supplements market

The Polish dietary supplement market is growing steadily. However, even though these products may have an impact on health they are not as strongly regulated as pharmaceuticals. In 2016/17 the introduction of new regulations covering the marketing of dietary supplements in Poland was proposed. This article briefly describes the Polish market for dietary supplements and assesses the benefits and risks associated with its development. A range of potential legislative changes, such as a total ban on dietary supplements, a ban on using the images and recommendations of authoritative entities, increased fines for breaking the law, and other measures are under consideration. We describe the advantages (e.g., better customer protection, and the limitation of inappropriate, misleading advertising) and disadvantages (e.g., a decrease in product innovation, deterioration in product offerings, and rises in product prices) of the proposed changes. As a European Union member, Poland adopts EU law, but EU directives have only harmonized some issues relating to dietary supplement marketing, other key aspects remaining within the competence of member states, but it is noted that some proposed changes in Polish law (e.g., an advertising ban) are so strict that they are unlikely to be acceptable to the EU.     

Inhibition of Atherosclerotic Plaque Development by Oral Administration of α-Glucosyl Hesperidin and Water-Dispersible Hesperetin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Objective: Hesperidin, an abundant flavonoid in citrus fruit, and its aglycone, hesperetin, have been reported to possess various physiological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive activities. In this study, we investigated whether α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin have protective effects on atherosclerotic progression in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo-E KO) mice.

Methods: Ten-week-old male Apo-E KO mice were randomly assigned a regular high-fat diet, a high-fat diet with 0.5% α-glucosyl hesperidin, or a high-fat diet with 0.1% water-dispersible hesperetin for 12?weeks. Measurement of plasma total cholesterol levels, histological staining of aortic root, and immunohistochemistry for macrophages were performed to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque formation. Vascular reactivity of mouse aortic rings was also measured.

Results: Both α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin reduced plasma total cholesterol level. They also reduced plaque formation area, adipose deposition, and macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesion. Vascular-endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine was improved in both experimental diet groups compared to the high-fat diet group.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that both α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin exert protective effects on atherosclerotic progression in Apo-E KO mice because they exhibit hypolipidemic activity, reduce inflammation through macrophages, and prevent endothelial dysfunction.     

Egg Intake Has No Adverse Association With Blood Lipids Or Glucose In Adolescent Girls

Objective: Longitudinal data on cardiometabolic effects of egg intake during adolescence are lacking. The current analyses aim to evaluate the impact of usual adolescent egg consumption on lipid levels, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance during late adolescence (age 17–20?years).

Methods: Data from 1392 girls, aged 9 to 10 at baseline and followed for 10?years, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s National Growth and Health Study were used to examine the association between usual egg intake alone and in combination with other healthy lifestyle factors and late adolescent lipid levels, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance, measured as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Diet was assessed using 3-day food records during eight examination cycles. Girls were classified according to usual weekly egg intake, ages 9–17?years:?<1 egg/wk (n?=?361), 1 to <3 eggs/wk (n?=?703), and ≥3 eggs/wk (n?=?328). Analysis of covariance modeling was used to control for confounding by other behavioral and biological risk factors.

Results: Girls with low, moderate, and high egg intakes had adjusted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 99.7, 98.8, and 95.5 mg/dL, respectively (p?=?0.0778). In combination with higher intakes of fiber, dairy, or fruits and vegetables, these beneficial effects were stronger and statistically significant. There was no evidence that ≥3 eggs/wk had an adverse effect on lipids, glucose, or HOMA-IR. More active girls who consumed ≥3 eggs/wk had the lowest levels of insulin resistance.

Conclusion: These results suggest that eggs may be included as part of a healthy adolescent diet without adverse effects on glucose, lipid levels, or insulin resistance.