Self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding: A concept analysis

To increase the overall rate of breastfeeding initiation and duration, factors involved in a mother's decision to breastfeed must be identified. Self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding was a concept selected for exploring factors associated with negative views of breastfeeding. A concept analysis following the eight‐step Walker & Avant method provides clarity and context to the concept of self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding. The antecedents of self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding include living in a culture of sexualization and objectification of women and the internalization of the values of objectification. Attributes of self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding are a prioritization of physical appearance attributes of the breast over the health benefits of breastfeeding and a preoccupation with physical appearance. Consequences include negative views toward breastfeeding initiation, duration, and public breastfeeding. A concept analysis on self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding will provide definition and clarity to this phenomenon, lend to theory and measurement, and add literature to the sociocultural factors impacting breastfeeding decisions.     

快速康复内窥镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的:探讨快速康复外科理念联合内窥镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法:选取2018年4月—2019年4月本院收治的86例腰椎间盘突出症患者,随机分为两组,每组43例,对照组通过内窥镜椎间盘切除术治疗,观察组予以快速康复外科理念联合内窥镜椎间盘切除术治疗,对比两组疗效和并发症发生情况。结果:观察组并发症发生率(4.65%)较对照组(18.60%)低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);观察组下床活动时间、住院时间较对照组短,术后7天的疼痛评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);术后3个月,观察组的Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表评分较对照组低,日本骨科协会评估治疗分数较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论:探讨快速康复外科理念联合内窥镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症可减少并发症,缩短术后恢复时间,进而促进患者功能有效康复。     

吸毒人员回归社会后的应对方式与生活质量——自我概念的中介作用

目的 本研究旨在探讨吸毒人员回归社会后的自我概念及应对方式是否会影响其生活质量。方法 在四川省成都市、德阳市、西昌市、宜宾市等地招募201名已回归社会的男性吸毒人员（平均年龄22.65±8.31岁，年龄16~59岁）进行调查。参与者完成田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）和药物成瘾者生命质量测定量表（QOL-DA）。结果 高自我概念组吸毒人员的积极应对得分和生活质量均高于低自我概念组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；吸毒人员的自我概念在积极应对与生活质量之间的中介效应值为0.224（95%CI:0.063~0.434），中介效应显著，占总效应的26.4%。结论 自我概念介导了回归社会的吸毒人员应对方式与生活质量之间的关系，应在学校和特定社区开展提高自我概念和应对技巧的培训。     

基于Angiosome理念的腔内治疗干预糖尿病足的临床研究

目的:探讨Angiosome理念指导下的腔内治疗干预糖尿病足(DF)的效果。方法:选取滨州市沾化区人民医院、济南市中医医院和山东省立医院2015年1月—2018年1月收治的DF患者47例,随机分为Angiosome组和PTA组。Angiosome组患者基于Angiosome理念开展腔内治疗,PTA组患者常规开展PTA治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后踝肱压力指数(ABI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和随访期内截肢情况。结果:两组患者治疗后ABI和VAS评分较治疗前显著改善,Angiosome组患者ABI和VAS改善情况优于PTA组患者,随访期内截肢率低于PTA组。结论:基于Angiosome理念的腔内治疗可以显著改善DF患肢的缺血状态,有效降低截肢率。     

英国价值定价理念对我国医保药品报销政策的启示

本文在梳理英国医保药品报销政策的基础上,通过对价值定价理念的深入研究和理解,系统探讨其在报销政策制定过程中对药品目录遴选、价值测算、支付标准确定、医保基金平衡和报销效益评估的作用机制,并深入思考通过价值定价理念建立起的药物警戒体系与药品报销政策间的衔接机制。在此基础上总结价值定价理念的特点、应用阶段和具体操作方法,以期为我国提供借鉴。     

Defining sensory modulation: A review of the concept and a contemporary definition for application by occupational therapists

Background: Sensory interventions are prevalent amongst adult mental health practitioners and are supported by major stakeholders and policy makers across the world. The term commonly used by occupational therapists applying sensory practices is sensory modulation, however this term has evolved.

Aims: This paper aims to investigate and clarify the definition of ‘sensory modulation’ for application by occupational therapists.

Method: A framework guided this concept analysis on sensory modulation. A summative content analysis approach was employed to code results.

Results: Six conceptual themes for sensory modulation were identified. 81% of authors defined sensory modulation as consisting of more than one of these themes. 18% of authors defined sensory modulation as both a neurophysiological process and means to regulate behaviour.

Conclusion: The concept of sensory modulation has evolved in occupational therapy practice. The authors summarise with the following proposed definition of sensory modulation for contemporary occupational therapy practice: ‘Sensory modulation is considered a twofold process. It originates in the central nervous system as the neurological ability to regulate and process sensory stimuli; this subsequently offers the individual an opportunity to respond behaviourally to the stimulus’.

Significance: A contemporary definition of ‘sensory modulation’ has been identified for occupational therapy practice.     

Recent advances in preclinical in vitro approaches towards quantitative prediction of hepatic clearance and drug-drug interactions involving organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B transporters

Hepatic uptake mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3 can serve as a major elimination pathway for various anionic drugs and as a site of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This article provides an overview of the in vitro approaches used to predict human hepatic clearance (CL_h) and the risk of DDIs involving OATP1Bs. On the basis of the so-called extended clearance concept, in vitro–in vivo extrapolation methods using human hepatocytes as in vitro systems have been used to predict the CL_h involving OATP1B-mediated hepatic uptake. CL_h can be quantitatively predicted using human donor lots possessing adequate OATP1B activities. The contribution of OATP1Bs to hepatic uptake can be estimated by the relative activity factor, the relative expression factor, or selective inhibitor approaches, which offer generally consistent outcomes. In OATP1B1 inhibition assays, substantial substrate dependency was observed. The time-dependent inhibition of OATP1B1 was also noted and may be a mechanism underlying the in vitro–in vivo differences in the inhibition constant of cyclosporine A. Although it is still challenging to quantitatively predict CL_h and DDIs involving OATP1Bs from only preclinical data, understanding the utility and limitation of the current in vitro methods will pave the way for better prediction.